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This fascinating memoir of a sailor who sailed with Captain James Cook provides valuable detail on a discovery that is particularly relevant at this time of year: Cook’s discovery and subsequent naming of Christmas Island.

A Memoir of James Trevenen, 1760-1790

Vol 101 (1959), Professor C.C. Lloyd

James Trevenen, a Cornishman born in 1759, was educated at the Naval Academy Portsmouth, sailed as a midshipman on Cook’s last voyage, served as a captain in the Baltic in the navy of Catherine the Great, and died in action in the war of Russia against Sweden in 1790.

Early in the nineteenth century a Memoir of his life was written by his brother-in-law, Admiral Sir Charles Vinicombe Penrose, which provides the basis for this volume, edited and annotated for the Navy Records Society by Christopher Lloyd and Dr R C Anderson.

The story of Trevenen’s career provides much of naval interest. His letters from the Naval Academy appear to be the only ones that have survived by a student of that institution. His service on Resolution provides additional information about Cook’s character. His subsequent career shows how the team that sailed with Cook continued as a band of circumnavigatory brothers. His plan for further exploration of the Pacific resulted in an appointment by the Empress of Russia. But when war broke out between Russia and Sweden, he served, not in the Pacific, but in the Baltic, as a captain in the Russian navy in the campaigns of 1788 and 1789. He was mortally wounded at the battle of Viborg in June, 1790.

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INDEX For names of Ships, see separate SHIP Index. ABBOTT, P. D., 4, 8 Aberdeen, 67 Aiken, Capt. J., 105, 108, 191, 193, 213, 227, 237-9 Alaska, 92 Alnwick, 65 Anderson, W. (surgeon), 15 Arnold, Gen. Benedict, 49 BABAEV, Capt. Lieut. A., 193 Balle, Gen. Major I., 104 Banks, Sir J., 63 Baranov, A., 88 Barrer, Lieut. V., 195 Baro-sund, operations, 105, 183-97 Beckwith, Lieut., 65 Belleisle, 158 Bennets, W., 70 Bertie, Capt. Sir A., 50 Bezborodko, Count, 96, 112, 113, 164, 193, 194, 210, 211, 213, 221, 227 Billings, Capt. J., 114 Bjorko-sund, 106-8 Bligh, Capt. W., 14, 21, 87 Bodisko, Capt. Lieut. N., 141, 146, 153, 154 Borisov, Capt. M., 221, 227 Borrowdale, 68 Botany Bay, 87, 89 Bowdler, T., xiv Brown, Lieut. N., 193, 197 Buller, Sir F., 34, 35 Burgundy, 72 Burke, E., 59, 69, 90 Burlington, Lord, 65 Burney, Capt. J., 14, 35 Burt, C, 4, 8 Buxton, 64 CABIN on board, 44 Calais, 71 Camborne, 6 Carl, Prince, Duke of Sodermanland, 99- 107, 132, 148-50, 156, 177, 178, 211, 212, 218, 231-3 Carron works and Carronade, 66 Carthew, W., 4, 8 Cartwright, Eliza, xiv Casal,—., 140, 143, 148, 153 Catherine II, Empress, 96, 109, 114, 116, 157, 163, 164, 210, 213, 221 Charlton (or Charleton), W., 4, 15, 23 Chatsworth, 64 Chesterfield, Lord, 47 Chomutov, Capt. P., 219, 220, 227 Christmas Island, 18 Clerke, Capt. C., 23, 82 Clipperton, Capt. R., 19 Cole, Lieut. H., 59 Convoy route, 53 Cook, Capt. J., 13 ff., character, 21, 27, 44; death, 22 ff.; fame abroad, 75, 78, 79, 86; medal, 75; narrative, 63 Court martial, 201-7 Crown, Martha, 173 Crown, Capt. R., 108, 173, 225, 229, 234, 235 Cuzinger, —., 149 DALRYMPLE, A., 96 Danbruz, —., 88 Darby, Adm. G., 45 Dashkov, Princess, 172 Davey, G., 58 (see also Spry) Davydov, Lieut. —., 193 Delater, W., 4, 10 Dennison, Capt. F., -115, 134, 166, 177, 200, 214, 215, 217, 221-5, 227, 237, 242 Dolgoruki, Prince, 132 Dovedale, 63 Dunn, Lieut. —., 193 EDINBURGH, 65 Elizabeth, Empress, 159 Elphinston, Rear Adm. J., 115, 121, 159 Elphinston, Lieut. R., 227 Elphinston, Capt., S. 115 133, 134, 136 Embrachton, G., 192 FALKIRK, 66 Farquharson, Elizabeth, xiv, 117, 166 (see also Trevenen) Farquharson, J., 166, 171, 172, 178, 194, 214-18 Fedorov, Capt. Comm. N., 227 Flushing, 44 244 INDEX Fondezin, Lieut. A., 193 Fondezin, Rear Adm. M., 100, 101, 135 Fondezin, Lieut. P., 191, 193 Fondezin, Vice Adm., V., 99, 102 Fredrikshamn, 106, 107 Fur Trade, 28, 87 ff. GAMALYEI, Lieut. P., 193 Gardner, Lieut. J. A., 3 Gascoigne, C, 66 Geneva, 86 Gibson, S., 26 Giotto, 81 Glasgow, 68 Glyebov, Capt. V., 182, 193, 223 Golostenov, Lieut. N., 191 Golovkin, Lieut. Count P., 227 Gomm (or Gum), R., 4, 8, 9 Gore, Capt. J., 14, 16, 32, 34, 35 Grant, Lieut. J., 193 Gray, Capt. —., 88 Greig, Adm. Sir S., 98-102, 113-16, 120- 123, 130, 133-7, 141, 146-50, 155; character and early service, 136, 157- 161; death, 102, 156 Greig, Mrs. 159 Grevens, Capt. Lieut. K. von, 151 Gustaf III, King, 99-102, 107-9, 148, 234 Guthrie, Dr., 112 Gwatkin, J., 4, 8, 9 HALLIDAY, —, 173 Hango-udd, operations, 101, 103, 136-56, 181 Hanna, J., 88 Hawaii (Sandwich Islands), 19 ff. Helstone, 6 Henderson, J., 62 Hergest, Lieut. R., 37, 95, 162 Hogland, battle, 100, 132-5 Hood, Capt. Alexander, 57 Hood, Adm. Sir Samuel, 57 Howe, Adm. Lord, 90, 117 Huck, Capt. J., 192 Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, 63 IMPRESSMENT, 39, 40, 43 Inchequin, Lord, 47, 90 Inman, Dr. James, 3 Inverness, 67 Ivelitch, Col. Count, 227 JAPAN, 88, 91, 95 Jeffreys, Mr., 9 Johnson, Dr. S., 68, 73 Jones, Rear Adm., Paul, 122-5 KAMCHATKA (see Fur Trade) Kashintsov, Lieut. S., 193 Keppel, Commodore Hon. A., 158 Keyser, Lieut. —., 187-92 King, Capt. James, 14 ff., 119, 120, 135; Captain of Crocodile, 42 ff.; completes Cook’s narrative, 63; 111 health, 69; death, 73 King, John, 119, 156 Kiryeevskii, Capt. A., 223 Kisinger,—., 141, 142 Knobel, —., 227 Korobka, Capt. Lieut. M., 141 Kozlyaninov, Vice Adm. T., 100-3, 132, 134, 136, 163, 176 Krusenstern, Capt. I., 88, 95 Kruze, Vice Adm. A. von, 104-6,115, 186, 195, 212-15, 219-24, 227, 235 Kushelev, Lieut. I., 191 LALLY, Lieut. J., 187, 191, 193 Lanyon, Lieut. W., 15, 23, 36 Law, T. (surgeon), 73, 75 Ledyard, J., 88 Leonardo da Vinci, 81 Lezhnev, Brig. P., 232 Lifebuoy, 26 Lilliehorn, Rear Adm. P., 104 Lisyanskii, Capt. Lieut. Y., 95 Lomberg, Capt. —., 143 Lomen, Capt. Lieut. F., 191, 193, 227 Lotyrev, Capt. I., 145, 154, 191, 193, 223, 230, 235 Lucerne, 83 Lvov, Capt. Lieut. M., 148, 155 Lvov, —., de, 164, 210 MACDONALD, Lieut. J., 123, 124 McDugal —. (surgeon), 237, 239 Macrae, C. A., 4 Makarov, Capt. M., 134, 136, 198 Maltsov, 2nd Lieut. —., 196 Marshall, Capt. —., 218 Matlock, 64 Meares, J., 88 Midshipmen, 13, 15 Milan, 81 Modee, Rear Adm. K., 219, 236 Moisyeev, Mid. V., 191 Mont Blanc, 84 Mowat, Capt. P., 13 Muller, G. F., 93 Muller, S., 93 Mulovskii, Capt. G., Ill, 134-6, 178 Murray, Adm. Hon. G., 39 Musin-Pushkin, Gen. Count V., 149 Myakinin, Lieut. —., 196 Myasoyedov, Capt. Lieut., A., 227 INDEX 245 NASSAU SIEGEN, Prince C, 104, 107, 108, 120-2, 194, 197, 215, 242 Navigation, new methods, 53, 54 Nefedyev, Capt. Lieut. S., 193 Nelson, Vice Adm. Lord., 55, 56 Nice, 73, 74 Nootka Sound, 19, 88 Nordenskjold, Rear Adm. O., 103, 106 Norton, Sir F., 34 Novikov, —., 112 Nugent, Mid. C., 25 OBOLYANINOV, Capt. K., 227 Odintsov, Capt. A., 223 Odintsov, Mid. V., 191 Ogilvie, Lieut. A., 191, 193 Olonetz, 66 Omiah the Tahitean, 10 Opperman, Lieut. —., 140, 143, 144, 153, 155 Orchard, —., 3 Orders of Chivalry, 134, 213, 227, 242 Orlov, Count Alexis, 121, 159, 160 Osterman, Count, 113 PADUA, 81 Pahlen, Baron, 151 Pakenham, Capt. Hon. T., 46, 47 Palitsyn, Capt. F., 192, 193 Paris, 72 Paul, Grand Duke, 116, 194 Paul, John (see Jones) Pay in Russia, 175, 186 Pellew, Capt. Sir E. (Lord Exmouth), 51 Pellisier, Capt. Lieut. J., 140 Pennant, J., 65, 68 Penrose, Adm. Sir C. V., xiii, 4, 9, 95, 209 Penrose, Elizabeth, 168 (see also Trevenen) Penrose, J., xiii Perkins, J., 22 Perskii, Capt. Lieut. T., 144, 146, 148 Phillips, Capt. Molesworth, 14, 19, 26 Phipps, C. J. (Lord Mulgrave), 43, 46 Phipps, F., 4 Pictet, Professor, 112, 241 Pigot, Adm. Sir H., 57-59 Polozoy, Mid. A., 192 Pompei, 76 Porkala-udd, operations, 103, 105, 172, 181, 182 Portlock, N., 88 Povalishin, Rear Adm. L., 108, 218, 219, 223, 228-31, 234, 236, 238, 239 Prande, Lieut. P., 192 Preston, Capt. J., 177, 178, 222, 227 Privateers, 47 ff. Prize money, 46, 56 Puke, Lt. Col. J., 236 Pustoshkin, Capt. Lieut. A., 193 R2 QUEBEC, battle, 67 Quiberon Bay, 158 Quinine (bark), 59 REVEL, battle, 105, 106,211 Reynolds, Lieut. R. C., 59 Riou, Capt. E., 14, 37, 73, 74, 95, 156, 157, 162, 217 Roddam, Adm. R., 38 Rodney, Adm. Lord, 57, 58 Rowley, Capt. B., 55 Royal Academy, Portsmouth, 2 ff. ST. AUBYN, St. J., 9 St. Lucia, 58 St. Vincent, Earl of, 3 Saltikov, Count, 234 Samwell, D. (surgeon), 15, 37, 42, 95, 180; obituary of Trevenen, xvii Sass, Baron de, 111 Sass, Otto de, 237, 239 Scotch prize, 46 Scott, Capt. Lieut. S., 171, 233, 234 Selkirk, Lord, 124, 125 Senyavin, Capt. G., 174, 221-4, 227 Sheffield, 64 Shelting, Lieut. G., 191, 203-7 Shiling, Lt. Col. —., 188-90, 195 Siddons, Sarah, 66 Sivers, Capt. G. von, 215 Sivers, Capt. Lieut. I. von, 171 Slisov, Brig. P., 228 Smirnov, Capt. Lieut. A., 193 Smith, Capt. Sidney, 107, 232-4, 242 Sotheby, T., 4 Spencer, C., 4, 8, 9 Spiridov, Rear Adm. A., 135, 234, 235 Spiridov, Adm. G., 115, 121, 159 Spry, Capt. T. (Davey), 58 Staunton, Sir G. L., 63 Stedingk, Baron, 152 Stephens, P., 117, 118 Stirling, 67 Styrsudden, battles, 106, 213, 217, 219, 223 Suchotin, Vice Adm. Y., 223 Sukin, Capt. Y., 182, 193 Sutton, J., 4, 8 Svensksund, battles, 104, 108, 109, 121 TADAIKIN, 110, 111 Tarrakanov, Princess, 159, 160 Taube, Baroness, 142 Taylor, Mid. —., 15,23 Tchernyshev, Count, 113, 136, 160-5, 193, 194,208,211,213,227 246 INDEX Tchesma, battle, 115, 121, 158 Tchitchagov, Adm. V., 102-8, 116, 171, 179, 182, 194, 198, 200, 210, 214, 220, 224,225,229-31,239 Thesiger, Capt. F., 200, 221, 222, 227 Tissot, S. A., 81 Trevenen, Elizabeth (sister), xiv, 73 Trevenen, Elizabeth (wife), xiv, 179, 194; birth of daughter, 200 (see also Farquharson) Trevenen, family, xiii Trevenen, James, obituary, xvii; birth and education, 6 ff.; in Resolution, 14 ff.; in Discovery, 29 ff.; lieutenant, 36; in Crocodile, 42 ff.; tour of England and Scotland, 62 ff.; tour of France and Italy, 70 ff.; plans for Russian fur trade, 87 ff.; joins Russian service, 96; journey to Russia, breaks leg, 110; Second Captain (Russian), 114; resigns British commission, 119; Acting Commodore at Hango-udd, 136 ff.; First Captain, 162; marriage, 166; independent command at Baro-sund, 183 ff; wreck and court martial, 198 ff; dies of wounds, 239 Trevenen, John (father), xiv Trevenen, John (brother), xiv Trevenen, Matthew (brother), xiv 44, 62, 70,85 Trevenen, Thomas (brother), xiv, 35, 44 Turchaninov, P., 221, 222 Turkish war, 98, 111 Turk’s Island, 54-6 Tutolmin, Capt. Lieut. N., 188, 191, 193 UNIFORM, 3, 36 United States, reflections on, 60 VANCOUVER, Capt. G., 14, 23 Vanstabel, Adm. J., 43,48-51 Varrer, Lieut. —., 191 Velikii, Lieut. S., 191, 193, 194, 211, 212, 223 Venice, 77 ff. Viborg Bay, blockade and battle, 106-8, 213, 215, 218, 226 ff. Volunteer per Order, 5, 13 Vorontsov, Count, 95 ff., 112-14, 117, 120, 127, 149, 163, 164, 173, 174 Vran, Yani (pilot), 203, 207 WACHTMEISTER Col. Count, 100, 133 Wallis, Capt. S., 35 Ward, J., 4, 8, 15, 19, 23, 37, 96, 162 Webber, J. I., 4, 8 Weideman, Capt. A., 192, 195, 196 Whitworth, C. (Ambassador), 233 Wiechtort, 2nd Lieut. F., 192 Wilberforce, W., 83 Williams, Capt. Peere (later W. P. W. Freeman), 46, 47 Williamson, Lieut. J., 14, 28, 82 Witchell, G., 7, 11, 12 Wood, Mr., 175 Wrangel, 2nd Lieut. B. von, 192 Wreck of the Rodislav, 105, 186, 198-207 Wright, J. (of Derby), 63 YANIKOV, —. (pilot), 203, 207 York, 65 Young, Adm. Sir W., 69, 70, 74 ZEDDLEMAN, —., 237, 239 Zhochov, Capt. A., 193 Zimmerman, —.,16 Oland, battle, 103, 176-9 INDEX OF SHIPS Active, 49 Adolf Frederik, 236 Albemarle, 55, 158 Aleksandr Nevskii, 187, 189, 192, 193, 195, 205, 207, 223 Amiable, 57 Anna Margarita, 193 Arethusa, 218 Artois, 51 Baklan, 193 Belle Poule, 218 Berwick, 125 Bonhomme Richard, 125 Bounty, 87, 96 Bryatchislav, 190-3 Bucentaure, 77 Camilla, 236 Chvat, 232 Cleopatra, 32, 39, 45 Columbia, 88 Conquestador, 36 Coquette, 55-7 Courageux, 43 Crescent, 46 INDEX 247 Daedalus, 37 Dauphine, 59 Deris, 111 Diamond, 55, 58 Discovery, 14 ff. Dristigheten, 236 Dw Quay Trouin, 54 Dvyenadtsat Apostolov, 223 Edward, 49 tf, 182, 193 Firedrake, 158 F/ora, 46 Formidable, 58 Gagara, 193, 197 Gam//, 193, 205-7 Guardian, 217 Hercules, 47 lannuarii, 182, 193, 219, 223 70tf/w Bogoslov, 223 /s/Vfor, 160 Izy as lav, 215 , 124 Vladimir, 219 Kretchet, 193 /, 193, 205 Letutchii, 171, 182, 188, 192, 193 Mercury, 58 Merkurii, 173, 225 Minerva, 43, 46 Monarch, 58 Monsieur, 43, 46 Mstislav, 111 Mslislavets, 232 Nadezhda, 192, 193 — 95 Nadezhda Blagopolutchia, 145, 146, 149, 154 M?//wi Ate/7>*7, 105, 108, 208, 209, 218, 236-9,242 Afew, 193—95 Nymphs* 46 , 193 Pamyat Evstafia, 140, 145 Panteleimon, 144, 145. 154, 189, 191-3 207, 230 Patrikii, 193 Pm/w, 174 Pobyeditel, 192, 193 Pobyedoslav, 221 Podrazhislav, 145 Premislav, 145, 171 P/7/7C ^ Robecq, 43, 48-51 P/ray Gi/s/0/, 100, 133 Pri/w GustafAdolf, 135 Provornyi, 140, 145 Resistance, 50, 53 ff. Resolution, 11 ff., 114 Rodislav, 98, 100, 130, 133, 134, 145, 148, 168, 171, 177, 179, 182, 191-3, 198, 200, 204, 208 Rostislav, 150 Royal George, 158 Rdttvisan, 236 Simeon, 202 S7/ray, 87 Stow, 145, 149, 198 Sdto/, 192, 193 Stchastlivyi, 187, 188, 192, 193 Strashnyi, 193 Success, 2 Sv. A/arA:, 140, 144-6, 148, 149, 153, 154, 182, 185, 187, 188, 192, 193 Sv. Nikolai, 234 SV. Pe/r, 177, 219, 220 S>W/fe, 30 Syevernyi Orel, 190-4, 203 Thynne, 58 ‘Toposlowe 239 Torbay, 159 >, 73 Ulysses, 57 ?, 225 Vladislav, 100 Ko/A:, 193 Ks^/av, 198, 221 Vysheslav, 200 Yaroslav, 116 , 192, 193

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A Memoir of James Trevenen, 1760-1790

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