The second in a projected set of five volumes dealing with Anglo America Naval Relations, this volume brings together documents from the period 1919-1939 which was dominated by a series of naval arms limitation and disarmament conferences. The book also includes a section of documents that deal with encounters of serving officers and men of the two navies and their observations on each other’s navy, while the final section details the hesitant and limited steps towards co-operation during 1937-1939 when the prospect of a second world war looked increasingly likely. Drawing on a wide range of documents from British and American archives, this volume provides a fascinating overview and insight into relations between the two navies during the interwar period. Contents: Preface; The Washington conference, 1919–1923; The Geneva conference, 1922–1927; The 1st London naval conference, 1927–1930; The 2nd London naval conference, 1930–1936; The sailors meet, 1919–1939; Edging towards an alliance, 1937–1939; List of sources and documents; Index.
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305 armed merchant cruisers, 43, 50, 62, 83, 117, 123, 167, 176 Armistice (1918), 4, 36, 216 Asia, 7, 17, 23, 61, 62, 79, 154, 254, 256 Astoria, Ore., 86 Atlantic Ocean, 17, 18, 21, 23, 24, 36, 85, 86, 96, 103, 115, 118, 127, 136, 155, 176, 217, 218, 248, 251, 267, 269, 274, 287, 289, 290, 293 Atherton, Ray, 106, 153, 155, 181–5, 193–4 Auckland, 279 Australia, 6, 13, 17, 23–5, 42, 50, 116, 135, 192, 203, 265, 267, 269, 275, 278, 279, 287 Backhouse, Adm Sir Roger, 255 Bahamas, 292–3 Baldwin, Stanley, 62, 64, 78, 95, 104, 126, 186, 190, 203 Balfour, A. J., 8, 9, 10 Balfour, J., 292 Bar Harbor, Me., 229 Barlow, Lt-Cdr. H. D., 258–9 Bayly, Adm Sir Lewis, 255–6 Beatty, AoF Earl, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 25, 28, 30, 43–4, 46, 62, 72–3, 158, 202, 224 Bella Koola, BC, 23, 24 Bellairs, Capt. Roger M., 112–13, 124–5, 167, 229 Belligerent Rights, see Rights at Sea Bennett, Capt A. C., US Navy, 253 Benson, Adm William Shepherd, US Navy, 18, 219 Bermuda, 6, 22, 24, 127, 292–3, 294 Best, VAdm Sir M., 230–33 Bethlehem Steel Co., 82 Bingham, Robert W., 155, 171–2, 193–4, 252 Blagrove, Capt. H. E. C., 229 Board of Trade, 9 bombs, 140, 236–8 Bonin Islands, 50 Borah, Sen William E., 7, 139 Borneo, 23 Abyssinia (Ethopia), 154, 156, 206 Adams, Charles F., 102, 148, 162, 164–5, 216 Adelaide, 279 Admiralty, 3, 6, 9, 12, 14, 15, 16, 21–7, 33–7, 41, 42, 45, 47, 52, 55, 60, 62, 63, 75–6, 85–6, 96, 108, 111, 117–18, 130, 135–6, 155, 173–8, 185, 189, 190, 192, 194, 207–8, 216, 221, 234, 262–5, 269, 270–77, 280–83, 287, 292–3 Admiralty Islands, 267 Africa, 43 aircraft, 22, 44, 47, 65, 67, 70, 95, 99, 100–101, 128–30, 131–2, 143–5, 163–4, 173, 177, 197, 199, 219–20, 221, 227–8, 231, 232, 234, 236, 240–43, 257, 271, 273, 273, 274, 290, 293, 294 aircraft carriers, 9, 40, 44–7, 49, 50, 67, 81, 93, 94, 100–101, 106, 109, 128–30, 131–2, 144–5, 157, 162–3, 178, 180, 183, 193–4, 195, 199, 200, 202, 210, 215–16, 219–20, 227, 236–8, 265, 273, 274 Air Ministry, 221 Alaska, 29, 50, 154, 205, 209 Aleutian Islands, 50 Alexander, A. V., 117, 119, 124, 134 Amani-Oshima Islands, 93 Amery, L. S., 78 Andrews, RAdm P. M., US Navy, 51, 52, 221–2 Anglo-American relations, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 22, 26, 52, 60, 65, 70, 93, 95, 97, 104, 107–8, 118, 127, 147, 153–4, 155–7, 159, 161, 165, 170–71, 173, 181, 186–8, 193–4, 196, 203–7, 209, 215–43, 247–51, 252, 247–55, 256, 257, 258–60, 260–78, 280–81, 285–7, 292–3 Anglo-German Naval Agreement, 156 Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 6–7, 10, 25–7, 37, 48, 49 Annapolis (US Naval Academy), 216, 226 anti-submarine, 22, 202, 221, 264, 276 Argentina, 224–5 armies, 65, 71, 143, 153, 227 Index 306 Anglo-American Naval Relations, 1919–1939 Boston, Mass., 85, 224 Bradley, Capt. A. C., 256 Brazil, 225, 293 Briand, Aristide, 93 Bridgeman, W. C., 64, 83 Bristol, Capt Arthur L., US Navy, 171 Britain, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 19, 20, 35–6, 53, 54, 55, 59, 60, 61, 64, 68, 69, 71, 73, 78, 81, 87, 94, 97, 98, 112, 144, 115, 117, 118, 128, 130, 143, 160, 206, 222, 252–3, 259, 273, 285 British Commonwealth and Empire, 12, 13, 14, 16, 20, 21, 25, 26, 35, 36, 37, 41, 49, 50, 59, 62, 67, 75–8, 82–3, 87, 89, 95, 104, 105, 113, 116, 119, 122, 127, 130–31, 134–6, 143, 146, 154, 157–8, 177, 182, 197, 198, 203, 207, 217, 220, 233–6, 247, 248, 256, 267, 275, 285, 286, 292–4 British Government, 6, 8, 14, 15, 19, 21, 25, 28, 30, 33–7, 41, 44–5, 64, 93, 95, 108, 113–14, 118, 124, 127, 132–9, 157–8, 165, 169–70, 186, 193–4, 196, 201, 202, 204–5, 208, 209, 211, 233–6, 262–3, 271, 275, 278, 279, 284, 285–7, 294 British Honduras, 292–3 Budgen, Capt. D. A., 242 Buenos Aires, 224 Burma, 116 Cadogan, Sir Alexander, 261–2, 271, 280 Campbell, Sir Robert, 127 Canada, 6, 21–2, 23–5, 43, 50, 135, 203, 249, 252, 267, 275, 278 Canton Island, 233–5 Cape of Good Hope, 276 Cape Horn, 269, 278 capital ships (battleships and battle cruisers), 9, 10, 12–14, 16–19, 22, 26, 30–32, 36–45, 47, 49, 53–4, 59, 61, 67, 68, 71, 74, 76, 78, 80, 81, 93–5, 98–100, 106, 109, 112, 132–4, 139–41, 144, 145, 147, 157, 162–3, 165–6, 169, 174, 182, 190, 191, 193, 195, 197–200, 202, 204, 208, 210, 219, 225, 227, 233, 236–8, 263, 265, 269, 272, 273–5, 287, 288 Caribbean Sea, 285, 287 Caroline Islands, 267 Cavite (Philippines), 266, 268, 269 Cecil, Lord Robert, 5, 64, 82, 83 Central Powers, 4 Chamberlain, Sir Austen, 87, 95, 104, 117 Chamberlain, Neville, 203, 204, 284, 292 Charleston, SC, 85 Chatfield, AoF Sir Ernle, 8, 9, 10, 43–4, 156, 158, 159, 161, 216, 218, 230, 232, 249, 250, 255, 262–3, 264, 267, 271–2, 273 Chiang Kai-Shek, 247 Chiefs of Staff, 126 China, 7, 9, 23, 24, 42, 67, 116, 153, 156, 178, 181, 192–3, 201, 206, 202, 205–7, 208, 247–8, 249, 254, 257, 259, 265, 266, 267, 276, 278, 282, 284, 285 Christmas Island, 234, 267, 271 Churchill, Winston Spencer, 9, 62, 64, 93, 95, 103–4, 248 Clark, RAdm Frank A., US Navy, 195–201 Clarke, Cdr A. W., 181–5 Colombo, 23, 24 Committee of Imperial Defence, 21, 34, 36, 47, 54, 67–8, 272, 281 Commons, House of, 34, 107 communications, 265, 268, 270, 277, 278, 288–9, 290 Cone, RAdm H. I., US Navy, 141 Congress (US), 17, 28, 59, 75, 96, 159, 162, 179, 232, 252, 288 convoy, 173–5, 183, 290, 293 Coolidge, Pres. Calvin, 63 Coontz, RAdm Robert E., US Navy, 46, 74, 216, 219 Cooper, A. Duff, 250, 271, 280 Cowan, Adm Sir Walter, 225–6 Crabbe, VAdm L. G. E., 258–9 Craigie, Sir R. Leslie, 117, 138–9, 153, 158, 172, 181–5, 186–7, 192–4 Creasy, Capt George E., 264, 268, 270–71 cruisers, 9, 17, 18, 22, 24, 33, 40, 42, 44, 45, 47, 50, 59–90, 93, 95, 96, 98, 101, 103, 105, 107–17, 119–24, 128, 130, 134–9, 142–4, 146, 147, 156–7, 159–60, 162, 164–7, 169–71, 173–8, 180, 183–4, 188, 189, 190–92, 193–4, 197–9, 200–202, 204, 206–7, 210, 211, 229–30, 236–8, 258, 260, 261, 265, 269, 273, 274, 279, 287 Cuba, 22, 219 Cunningham, Capt John H. D., 164 Curzon, Lord, 8, 9, 34 Danckwerts, Capt Victor, 158, 181–5, 191–2, 241–2, 287, 291 Daniels, Josephus, 5, 6, 17, 27–8, 219 Davis, Norman H., 153, 155, 157, 158, 160, 170–73, 185–9, 190, 193–4, 203–5, 205–7, 208–9 Dawes, Gen Charles Gates, 93–4, 106, 107, 108, 111, 112, 113–14, 115, 126 Declaration of London (1909), 69 Index 307 Declaration of Paris (1856), 69, 88 Democratic party (US), 6, 27–8 Denby, Edwin L., 53 De Steigneur, RAdm L. R., US Navy, 223 destroyers, 17, 18, 40, 45, 63, 70, 85, 86, 95, 101, 105–7, 109, 110, 146, 163–4, 178, 180, 184, 195, 199, 211, 219, 237–8, 239, 253, 265, 273, 274, 275 Dick, Cdr Royer M., 253 Domvile, Capt Barry, 44–5 Drummond, RAdm Hon R. E., 233–5 Ducie, Island, 236 Dundas, Capt J. G. L., 258 East Indies, 43 Eden, R. Anthony, 157, 209, 250, 252, 261–2 Edwards, Cdr Ralph, 284 Egypt, 263 Enderby Island, 233 Esquimault, BC, 23 Europe, 4, 5, 6, 19, 20, 21, 22, 28, 37, 47, 65, 71, 103, 135, 143–4, 154, 156, 159, 173–4, 175–6, 186, 194, 198, 217, 219–20, 233, 247, 249, 252, 256, 257, 262, 263, 275, 276, 284–7, 289, 290 Eyres-Monsell, Sir Bolton, 157, 171–2, 188, 193–4 Fanning Island, 267, 271 Far East (also Orient), 9, 23, 25, 27, 36, 52, 67, 156, 158, 162, 173–4, 186, 189, 193–4, 205, 247, 249, 252, 254, 255, 258, 259, 260, 262, 267, 268, 269, 272, 275–7, 284–7, 289 Fergusson, VAdm J. A., 222–4 Fernando Noronha, 294 Field, AoF Sir Frederick, 64, 83, 87, 188 Fiji, 266, 267 Fisher, Sir Warren, 181 Fleet Air Arm, 216 Flint, Alex, 88–9 flotilla leaders, 18, 40 Foreign Office, 6, 33–4, 158, 181–5, 250, 255, 261, 262, 271, 272, 281–3, 285, 292 Formosa (Taiwan), 51, 266 France, 8, 10, 14, 47, 49, 50, 55, 64–5, 71, 72, 76, 81, 94, 97, 112, 113, 130, 154–6, 159, 160, 164, 165, 167, 174–6, 181, 193, 195, 196, 198, 201, 250, 254, 259, 263, 266, 276 Frewen, Morton, 12 Frost, Lt H. H., US Navy, 18 Fuller, VAdm C. T. M., 227 Galbraith, Capt W. W., US Navy, 143–4 Geddes, Sir Eric, 4 Geiselman, Lt-Cdr E. A., US Navy, 239 General Board (US Navy), 6, 29, 53–4, 64, 66, 68–9, 77–8, 79–80, 99, 105, 119, 121–2, 123, 126, 131, 137, 141, 148, 155, 159, 164–5, 169–70, 177–80, 193–4, 195–201 General Disarmament Conference (Geneva, 1932), 201 Geneva Naval Limitation Conference (1927), 11, 56–90, 93, 95, 96, 98, 117, 124, 127, 134, 135, 159, 160, 168, 188, 215, 225, 226, 287 Germany, 4, 14, 68, 70, 135, 153, 155, 160, 165, 181, 201, 204–5, 249, 252, 267, 269, 273, 276, 282–3, 284, 286, 289 German Navy, 3, 6, 264, 269, 276 Gertlin, Maurice, 118 Ghormley, VAdm Robert, US Navy, 288, 290–91 Gibraltar, 103, 269, 276, 277 Gibson, Hugh, 63, 64, 93, 111–12, 115 Gilbert and Ellice Islands, 233, 235 Gloucester, Mass., 223–4 Glover, Capt P. F., 268, 270 Goodall, Dr S. V., 242–3 Grand Fleet, 3 Grey, Sir Edward, 26, 60 Guantanamo (Cuba), 22, 86–7 gunboats, 42, 67, 101, 164, 248, 254, 257, 258, 260 Haggard, VAdm Sir Vernon, 90, 228 Halifax, Lord, 285, 292, 293 Halifax, NS, 2, 294 Hamaguchi Osachi, 97 Hampton, Cdr T. C., 251, 264–5, 268, 270–72, 287–91, 292 Hampton Roads, Va., 85 Hankey, Sir Maurice, 8, 10, 34, 41, 46, 48, 49, 87–8, 125, 126 Harding, Pres. Warren G., 6, 7, 34 Harrill, Cdr W. K., US Navy, 261 Hasegawa, Adm, IJN, 253 Hawaiian Islands, 50, 154, 231, 263, 266, 267, 269, 274, 287 Hellweg, Capt., US Navy, 233 Henderson, Arthur, 117 Henderson Island, 236 Hepburn, Adm Arthur J., US Navy, 188, 217, 232 Hitler, Adolf, 153, 161 Hoare, Sir Samuel, 157 Hobart, 279 308 Anglo-American Naval Relations, 1919–1939 Holmes, RAdm R. S., US Navy, 256–7 Home Waters, see Europe Hong Kong, 23, 24, 25, 50, 205, 248, 252, 266, 268, 276, 278, 284, 290 Honolulu, 35, 233–5, 260, 274, 275 Hoover, Pres. Herbert C., 93, 94, 96, 104, 107, 108–9, 112, 113, 115, 124–7, 160, 165 Horne, Sir Robert, 13 House, Edward M., 5 Howard, Sir Esmé, 117–18, 226 Hughes, Charles Evans, 7, 8, 10, 47, 48 Hughes, Adm C. F., US Navy, 105, 119, 143, 227 Hull, Cordell, 186, 208, 211, 256, 260, 261, 293 Hunt, Alex, 55, 117 Huse, RAdm H. Mcl. P., US Navy, 53, 220–21 India, 23, 24, 68, 116, 223 Indian Ocean, 135 Ingersoll, Capt Royall E., US Navy, 250–51, 259, 260–78, 287 Inskip, Sir Thomas, 250, 271, 292 Italy, 8, 14, 47, 49, 50, 55, 64–5, 72, 76, 81, 97, 112, 113, 154, 156, 159, 160, 165, 167, 195, 186, 198, 225, 249, 255, 269, 276, 286, 287, 289 Jamaica, 22, 127, 292 James, Capt J., US Navy, 239–43 James, Adm Sir William, 250, 262, 263, 271 Japan, 6–10, 14, 15, 23, 24, 26, 27, 30–32, 35, 36, 38–40, 41, 45, 46, 47, 40–52, 55, 59, 61–4, 67–9, 72, 75–7, 80–82, 94, 96, 97, 112, 113, 125, 130, 132–3, 145, 146, 153–61, 164, 165, 167–72, 174–7, 181, 184, 186–7, 189–90, 193–8, 200–208, 217, 247–50, 252–5, 257–9, 262, 263, 266–9, 272, 274, 275, 278, 279, 282, 284–5, 286, 287, 289 Jellicoe, AoF Earl, 13, 17, 82, 83, 130, 219–20 Johnson, Sen Hiram, 147 Johnson, Mr (US Embassy), 261, 272 Jones, RAdm Hilary P., US Navy, 60, 62, 63, 69–70, 70–71, 71–2, 72–3, 84–5, 87, 93, 96, 98–9, 102–3, 137, 139, 147–8 Jutland, battle of, 35, 48 Kato, Adm, IJN, 205 Kautz, Capt, US Navy, 224 Kellogg, Frank B., 63, 93 Kenya, 116 Kerr, VAdm Mark, 221 Key West, Fla., 86, 223 King, FAdm Ernest J., US Navy, 158 Kingston, Jamaica, 22 Kurile Islands, 50 Latin America, see South America League of Nations, 4–7, 13, 15, 16, 19, 28, 33, 64, 88, 134, 144, 153, 160, 222 Leahy, FAdm William D., US Navy, 158, 216, 218, 232–3, 248, 249–51, 252, 254, 256, 259, 260, 261, 265, 270, 271, 272, 279, 287–91, 293 Le Bigot, VAdm, French Navy, 253 Lee, Arthur (Lord Lee of Fareham), 34–5, 67–8 Leigh, RAdm Richard H., US Navy, 155, 158, 181–5, 190–94 Lindsay, Sir Ronald, 252, 285, 293–4 Little, Adm Sir Charles J. C., 33, 48, 158, 172, 181–5, 187, 190–94, 247–8, 253, 255–6, 258, 260 Lloyd George, David, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 25, 34, 46, 48 Locarno, Treaty of (1925), 118, 143 London, 8, 64, 69, 93, 259, 260, 261, 269, 277, 278 London Conference on Naval Limitation (1930), 91–149, 153, 154, 159, 160, 162, 165, 166, 177, 180, 184, 185, 187–9, 190, 192, 194, 198, 200, 202, 204, 208, 210, 211, 215, 228 London Conference on Naval Limitation (1935–6), 150–211, 259, 261, 263, 272, 273 Long, RAdm A. T., US Navy, 131 Long, Walter, 5, 12, 13 Loochoo Islands, 51 Loriston-Clark, Cdr G. N., 232, 235 Los Angeles, 86 Lothian, Marquis of, 204 Ludlow Amendment (US, 1938), 249 MacDonald, J. Ramsay, 93, 94, 97, 106–7, 109, 110–11, 112, 113–14, 115, 116, 121, 122, 124, 125, 126–7, 139, 155, 157, 160–61, 170–71, 186–8, 193–4, 203, 204–5 Madden, AoF Sir Charles, 112, 119, 134–6, 138–9 Magruder, RAdm Thomas P.,US Navy, 222–3 Mahan, Capt Alfred Thayer, US Navy, 88 Malaya, 23, 116 Malcolm Island, BC, 23 Malta, 263 Index 309 Manchuria, 153 Manila, 266, 269, 274 Mayo, Adm H. T., US Navy, 219 Mediterranean Sea, 21, 36, 94, 97, 103, 115, 136, 176, 198, 249, 255, 263, 275, 276, 286, 289 Melbourne, 279 merchant ships Lusitania, 70 Normandie, 259, 262 merchant shipping (British), 4, 20, 23, 24, 35, 36, 42, 43, 51–2, 59, 62, 63, 64, 70, 72, 76, 77, 78, 83, 85, 95, 103, 123, 127, 134, 135, 144, 156, 159, 174–5, 195–6, 220, 247, 254, 257, 264, 276 merchant shipping (US), 20, 23, 24, 29, 51–2, 60, 66, 72, 74, 76, 77, 88–90, 99, 100, 102, 127, 165, 195, 198, 247, 254, 257, 287, 292 Meyrick, VAdm Sir Sidney, 232–3 mines, 22, 59, 67 minelayers, 17 Mississippi River, 222 Moffett, RAdm William A., US Navy, 128–30, 144–5 Monroe Doctrine (US, 1823), 20, 79, 293 Morrow, Dwight L., 139 Mountbatten, Capt Lord Louis, 239–43 Mukden Incident, Manchuria, 153 Mussolini, Benito, 154, 161 Nagami, Adm Osami, IJN, 155 Nanking (Nanjing), 257 Narragansett Bay, RI, 85 Nassau, Bahamas, 222 ‘Navicerts’, 283 Navy Department (US), 63, 103, 127, 128, 185, 188, 189, 191, 211, 215, 219, 269, 270, 274, 274, 276, 277, 287 Nelson, VAdm Lord, 215 Netherlands, The, 266, 276 Netherlands East Indies, 269, 278 Neutrality Acts (US), 249, 250, 252, 281–2 Neutral Rights, see Rights at Sea Newfoundland, 24 New Guinea, 289, 278 New Hebrides, 266, 269, 278 New London, CT., 85 New Orleans, 222–3 NewYork, 85, 140 New York Herald Tribune, 127 New York World, 127–8 New Zealand, 6, 42, 50, 116, 135, 192, 203, 233–6, 265, 267, 269, 275, 278, 287 Noble, Adm Sir Percy, 248, 284 North America, 22, 43, 103, 278 North America and West Indies Station, 215–43 O’Donnell, Capt G. E. M., 258 Oeno Island, 236 Olongapo (Philippines), 266, 269 Open Door (China), 79 Orient, see Far East Pacific Ocean, 7, 9, 10, 17, 22, 23, 24, 27, 29, 36, 50, 51, 59, 61, 62, 67, 68, 82, 86, 95, 116, 135, 138–9, 154, 156, 158–9, 166, 170, 186, 195–6, 207, 209, 216, 217, 218, 231, 233–6, 248, 249, 250–51, 263, 266, 267, 268, 269, 273, 278, 286, 289 Pago Pago (American Samoa), 234 Palmyra Island, 267 Panama Canal, 22, 50, 86, 127, 248, 266, 274, 278, 285, 287 Paris, Pact of (Kellogg-Briand Pact, 1927), 93, 96, 109, 130, 134 Paris Peace Conference (Treaty of Versailles, 1919), 4, 5, 28, 69, 88, 93, 165 parity, 5, 9, 11, 60, 72–3, 75, 82, 93, 95, 96, 104, 106, 107, 109, 111, 113–14, 122, 123, 130, 193, 194, 195, 196, 200, 207, 209, 211 Parliament (British), 115 Pearl Harbor, 59, 60, 86, 153, 249, 268 Persian Gulf, 116, 135 Pescadores Islands, 51 Philadelphia, 85 Phillips, S. H., 292–3 Phillips, William, 172 Phillips, Capt Tom S. V., 250, 262, 264, 268, 270–71, 272, 273–8 Philppine Islands, 23, 24, 35, 86, 154, 186, 205, 219, 248, 252, 266, 275, 290 Phoenix Island, 233–5 Pitcairn Island, 236 Portal, Capt R. H., 241 Portsmouth, NH, 85 Pratt, Adm William Veazie, US Navy, 8, 10, 54, 60, 70–71, 71–2, 74–5, 96, 118, 137, 138, 139, 141, 148–9, 158, 159, 162–3, 197, 216, 228 Prohibition (US), 215 Puget Sound, Wash., 86 Quarantine Speech (US, 1937), 249, 255 Reed, Sen J. A., 127 310 Anglo-American Naval Relations, 1919–1939 Reeves, RAdm J. M., US Navy, 227–8 Republican party (US), 6 Reuter’s News Agency, 38–40 Rights at Sea (Belligerent and Neutral), 4, 9, 51–2, 59, 60, 61, 69–70, 83, 87–90, 94, 95, 98, 109, 125, 126–7, 132–3, 137, 146, 147, 157, 252, 250, 254, 257–8, 281–3, 284, 290, 293–4 Richards, Sir A., 234 Ritchie, Capt J. S. M., 127 Robertson, Sir M., 224 Rodman, RAdm Hugh, US Navy, 3 Roosevelt, Pres. Franklin D., 153, 154, 171–3, 179–80, 185–6, 190, 196, 202–5, 218, 229, 231, 249–50, 252, 255, 258, 260, 261, 263, 269, 273, 286, 287, 291, 292, 293, 294 Roosevelt, Col. Henry, 231 Roosevelt, Col. Theodore, jr., 46 ‘Root Resolutions’, 9, 51–2, 59, 95, 157 Royal Air Force, 143, 216 Royal Naval Air Service, 216 Royal Navy, 2, 4, 8, 10, 13, 15, 19, 21, 22, 23, 26, 30–32, 33, 34–5, 36, 45, 48, 52–4, 62, 64, 68, 75, 76, 77, 80, 88–90, 95, 96, 97, 98, 104, 105, 110, 115–16, 118, 120–21, 125, 128–30, 135–7, 140, 144–5, 158, 159, 162, 165, 168, 173–8, 187–9, 190–94, 195, 196, 197–201, 202, 206, 208, 215–43, 247–8, 249, 250–51, 255, 256, 257, 258–9, 260, 262–4, 265, 266, 267, 268 St Lucia, 22, 24, 292–3, 294 Samoa, 154, 266, 267 Sandakan, 24 San Diego, 86, 254 San Francisco, 86 San Pedro, Calif., 232 Santiago, 224 Scandinavia, 155 Scapa Flow, 3 Schofield, RAdm Frank H., US Navy, 98 Schuirmann, Cdr R. E., US Navy, 207 Schwab, Charles M., 219 seaplane carriers, 46 Seattle, 228 Senate (US), 10, 138–9, 186, 189 Shanghai, 153, 254, 256, 257, 279, 284 Shearer, W. B., 82 Simon, Sir John, 157, 203 Sims, Adm William Sowden, US Navy, 3, 52, 221–2, 255 Singapore, 23, 24, 59, 68, 248, 249, 252, 258, 260, 262, 264, 266, 267, 268, 269, 275, 276, 278, 279, 285, 286, 289, 290 sloops, 42, 233–5, 258 Smeallie, Capt, US Navy, 230 Snowden, Philip, 124 Somaliland, 116 South Africa, 6, 135, 203 South America, 6, 15, 22, 33–4, 42, 103, 217, 224, 266, 269, 278, 287, 290 Soviet Union, 10, 143, 155, 266, 273, 276 Spanish Civil War, 156 Standley, Adm William H., US Navy, 155, 158–9, 178, 193, 207, 209, 211, 216, 218, 230–31, 232 Stanhope, Earl of, 157 Stark, Adm Harold R., US Navy, 158, 291 State Department (US), 233, 249, 257 Stimson, Henry L., 94, 95, 97, 106, 107, 108, 109, 113, 114–15, 137, 138, 167 submarines, 9, 17, 18, 22, 40, 44, 45, 47, 51–2, 59, 60, 67, 69–70, 71, 72, 81, 95, 101, 106–7, 109, 110, 112, 117, 143–4, 145, 157, 163–4, 165, 166–7, 178, 180, 184–5, 195, 198–9, 237, 264, 265, 269, 273, 274, 275, 276, 293 Suez Canal, 6, 103 Suva, Fiji, 234 Swanson, Claude A., 158, 169, 178, 193, 230 Sydney, 24, 261–2, 279 Ten Year Rule, 16 Tokyo, 154, 279 torpedo, 59, 70, 197, 236–8 Torres Strait, 267 Tottenham, Capt. F. L., 224 Townsend, RAdm J. C., US Navy, 279 Trenchard, Marshal of the RAF Lord, 216 Trinidad, 22, 292–3, 294, 295 Troup, Capt. J. A. G., 225–6, 268, 270 Truk, 274 Tsingtao, 253 Unalaska, 274 United States, 3–7, 10–12, 15, 20, 23–37, 41, 43–5, 47, 50, 53, 55, 59, 60, 64, 66–7, 69, 74–5, 78, 79, 81–3, 85–90, 92–5, 100, 104, 107, 109, 117, 118, 121, 124–6, 127, 130, 135, 136, 138–9, 160, 193–4, 196, 203, 205, 209, 219–20, 222, 235, 247, 249, 257, 259, 267, 269, 275, 278, 279, 282–3, 285, 286, 287–91 United States Marine Corps, 100, 254 United States Navy, 3–8, 10, 12–19, 221, 23, 25, 26, 33, 37, 38–9, 41, 45, 48, 49, 52–4, 60, 61, 66, 67, 71, 73, 75–7, 80, 83, 84, 87, 88, 95–7, 99–102, 103, 104, 110, 112, 118, 121–2, 123, 129–30, Index 311 132–3, 134, 137, 141, 144–8, 157, 159, 162–4, 165, 167–8, 169–70, 175–7, 187–9, 190–91, 192–3, 195, 196, 197–201, 202, 207, 215–43, 247–8, 249, 250, 257, 260, 263, 264, 266, 267–8, 269–70, 272–8, 280–81, 286, 287–91, 292, 293, 294, 295 Vancouver, 23 Van Keuren, Capt, CC, US Navy, 139–40, 142–3 Vansittart, Sir Robert, 181 Vinson, Reprv. Carl, 179 Volstead Act (US), 225, 228 warships Australian Battle Cruisers: Australia, 13, 17 Cruisers: Adelaide, 121; Brisbane, 120 British Battleships: ‘Queen Elizabeth’ class, 47, 141; ‘Royal Sovereign’ class, 47, 141; Ajax, 49; Barham, 39; Benbow, 132, 145; Centurion, 49; Emperor of India, 39, 132, 145; Erin, 39; Iron Duke, 39, 132, 145; King George V, 39, 49; Malaya, 39; Marlborough, 39, 145; Nelson, 9, 49, 133, 140–41, 147; Queen Elizabeth, 39; Ramillies, 39; Revenge, 39; Rodney, 9, 49, 133, 140–41, 147; Royal Oak, 39; Royal Sovereign, 39; Thunderer, 49; Valiant, 39; Warspite, 39 Battle Cruisers: Hood, 19, 39, 47, 141, 265, 269; New Zealand, 13, 17; Renown, 39, 141; Repulse, 39, 141; Tiger, 39, 132, 141, 145 Aircraft Carriers: Argus, 128; Courageous, 128; Eagle, 128; Furious, 128; Glorious, 128; Hermes, 128 Cruisers: ‘Arethusa’ class, 192; ‘Hawkins’ class, 111, 167, 183, 211; ‘Leander’ class, 192; ‘Southampton’ class, 207; Achilles, 234; Adventure, 240; Apollo (later RAN Hobart) 231; Birmingham, 120; Cairo, 121, 223; Calcutta, 121, 222–3, 226; Caledon, 120; Calliope, 120; Calypso, 120; Cambrian, 120; Canterbury, 120; Capetown, 120, 222–3; Caradoc, 120; Cardiff, 121; Carlisle, 121; Carysfort,120; Castor, 120; Champion, 120; Centaur, 120; Ceres, 120; Cleopatra, 120; Colombo, 121; Comus, 120; Concord, 120; Conquest, 120; Constance, 120, 223; Coventry, 121; Curacoa, 121; Curlew, 121, 223; Danae, 121, 228; Dartmouth, 120; Dauntless, 121, 230; Delhi, 121; Despatch, 121, 228; Diomede, 121; Dragon, 121; Dunedin, 121; Durban, 121; Effingham, 120; Emerald, 121; Enterprise, 121; Frobisher, 120; Leander, 236; Lowestoft, 120; Norfolk, 229–30; Northumberland, 108; Southampton, 243; Surrey, 108; Yarmouth, 120 Destroyers: Dainty, 253; Decoy, 253 Submarines: Report, 108; Royalist, 108 Sloops: Folkestone, 258; Wellington, 233–5 Gunboats: Bee, 258; Ladybird, 258, 260 Auxiliaries: Maidstone, 108 Canadian Destroyer: Vancouver, 228 French Cruiser: Lamotte-Picquet, 254 Japanese Battleships: Fuse, 39; Hyuga, 39; Ise, 30; Mutsu, 9; Nagata, 39; Setsu, 39; Yamashiro, 39 Battle Cruisers: Haruna, 39; Hiyie, 39, 133, 145; Kirishima, 39; Kongo, 39 Aircraft Carriers: Akagi, 130; Kaga, 130 Swedish Aircraft Cruiser: Gotland, 221 United States Battleships: Arizona, 39, 139; Arkansas, 39, 133, 145; California, 39; Colorado, 39; Delaware, 39, 46, 47; Florida, 39, 132, 145; Idaho, 39; Maryland, 39; Mississippi, 39; Nevada, 39; New Mexico, 39; New York, 3, 39; North Carolina, 49; North Dakota, 39; Oklahoma, 39; Pennsylvania, 39, 139; Tennessee, 39; Texas, 39, 133, 228; Utah, 39, 132, 145; West Virginia, 9, 49; Wyoming, 39, 132, 145, 274 Aircraft Carriers: Langley, 46, 129, 162–3; Lexington, 9, 50, 95, 129–30, 162–3, 183, 200; Saratoga, 9, 50, 95, 129–30, 162–3, 183, 200; Wright, 46 Cruisers: ‘Brooklyn’ class, 167–70; ‘Omaha’ class, 84, 96, 112, 117, 122, 123, 137; Augusta, 253; Cincinnati, 222; Detroit, 223–4; Indianapolis, 229–30; Louisville, 279; Milwaukee, 178; Omaha, 178; Philadelphia, 239–43; Richmond, 222; Destroyer: Fanning, 239 312 Anglo-American Naval Relations, 1919–1939 Submarine: Cachalot, 198 Gunboats: Panay, 248, 257, 258, 260; Sacramento, 254 Auxiliaries: Avocet, 233–5; Chaumont, 254; Isabel, 279; Shawmut, 223 Washington Conference on Naval Limitation (1921–2), 1–55 Washington, DC, 154, 232, 233, 235, 250–51, 262, 265, 267, 268, 269, 277, 278, 288, 290–91 Washington Navy Yard, 85, 219 Washington [state], 228 Washington Treaties (1921–2) Four Power (Pacific Security), 4, 49; Five Power (Naval Limitation), 10, 49–50, 59, 61, 63, 66, 67, 68, 73, 75, 81, 84, 93, 94, 95, 97, 99, 100, 104, 106, 109, 110, 121, 123, 124, 125, 131–2, 133, 134, 136, 139, 144–5, 147, 153, 154, 155, 158, 160, 165, 166, 172, 175, 180, 186, 200–202, 204, 205, 249 Nine Power (China), 9, 10 Welles, Sumner, 260, 293 Western Hemisphere, 3–6, 14, 29, 59, 61, 64, 94, 126 West Indies, 6, 22, 24, 103, 117, 118, 125, 126, 159, 160, 248, 285, 292–5 Wickersham, G. W., 225 Wilbur, Curtis D., 69, 226 Wiley, RAdm H. A., US Navy, 77 Wilkinson, Cdr T. S., US Navy, 181–5, 191–4 Willard, RAdm A. L., US Navy, 223–4 Willson, Capt Russell, US Navy, 261, 264–5, 268, 270–71, 272–3 Wilson, Pres. Woodrow, 4, 6, 60, 61, 118, 160 World Disarmament Conference (Geneva, 1932), 93 World War I (Great War), 6, 51, 70, 88–90, 107, 118, 208, 216, 219, 225, 248, 290 World War II, 97, 217, 247 Yamamoto Isokuru, Adm, IJN, 155, 203, 204–5 Yangtse River, 257, 279, 284 yardstick, 106, 109, 110, 111, 117, 119, 123,124–5 Yarnell, Adm Harry E., US Navy, 147, 247–8, 252–3, 254, 255–6, 258, 259, 260, 279, 284, 285
Michael Simpson was educated at Cambridge, Ohio State and Glasgow Universities and was lecturer
in History and American Studies at Swansea University since 1966. He was General Editor for the
Navy Records Society between 1994 and 2000.
His publications include
People and Planning: A History of the Ohio Planning Conference, 1919-1969 (1969)
Anglo-American Naval Relations 1917-1919 (Navy Records Society, 1991).
The Somerville Papers (Navy Records Society, 1995).
The Cunningham Papers 2 volumes (Navy Records Society, 1999 and 2006).
Cunningham: A Life of Admiral of the Fleet Sir Andrew Cunningham (Ashgate, 2004).
Anglo-American Naval Relations 1919-1939 (Navy Records Society, 2010).
Anglo-American-Canadian Naval Relations, 1943-1945 (Navy Records Society, 2021)
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