The Royal Canadian Navy expanded from a regular force of 3,000 men in 1939 to the world’s third largest navy by 1945. It played a significant part in the Atlantic and contributed substantially in other theatres. This was a sizeable achievement for a vast country with a small population, many of whom had never seen the sea, and a very modest shipbuilding and industrial resource. The Royal Canadian Navy deserves to be an equal element in this volume.In many ways, the tide in the war at sea had turned decisively in the Allies’ favour by October 1943, when this volume begins with Admiral of the Fleet Sir Andrew Cunningham assumption of the post of First Sea Lord. Major maritime issues had to be faced, however: the threat of advanced U-boats, the landing and supply of large armies in Italy, Normandy and Southern France, and the defeat of Japanese armed might, in which the British Pacific Fleet played a part. The Allies were engaged, too, in discussions about the post-war treatment of the defeated enemies, and the relations between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union.This volume is the fifth in a series of which volumes I (1917-1919) and II (1919-1939) have been published. Robin Brodhurst is editing volumes III (1939-1941) and IV (1941-1943). It draws on primary sources, both personal papers and official materials, from British, American and Canadian collections.
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CONTENTS
Part I: The High Command ……………………………………………………. 1
Part II: The Anti-Submarine War ………………………………………… 101
Part III: The Invasion of Normandy …………………………………….. 173
Part IV: The Mediterranean ………………………………………………… 269
Part V: The Far East ………………………………………………………….. 327
Sources and Documents…………………………………………………….. 455
Index ………………………………………………………………………………. 481
Abel-Smith, Capt E. M. C., 91–2
A-bomb, 431
Admiralty, 13, 14, 16, 17, 25, 26, 32, 34, 40, 49, 53, 54, 55, 60, 63, 66, 67, 72–4, 76, 79, 93, 94, 98, 99, 113, 116, 118, 119, 121, 122, 124, 128, 132, 138, 141, 147, 152, 153, 156, 158, 166, 190, 200, 204–8, 210, 211, 230, 234, 252, 256–8, 262, 280, 298, 305, 311–13, 320, 324, 341, 353, 354, 359, 362, 364, 377, 380, 381, 386–8, 390, 398, 407, 408
Admiralty Isles, 428, 429
Adriatic, 275
Aegean, 11, 25, 26, 32, 34, 39, 41, 272, 277, 280, 281
Africa, 159, 170; North, 6, 58, 176, 177,
272, 280, 283, 289, 302, 352
Airborne forces, 182, 184, 191, 224
Air Ministry, 94, 124, 320
Ajaccio, 364
Alexander, A. V., 17, 18, 46, 48, 52, 64, 130, 131, 256
Alexander, Gen Sir H., 176, 278, 285, 291, 305
Alexandria, 271, 273
Alfrey, Capt J. R., 423
Allied Expeditionary Force, 110, 216, 217, 224, 226, 227, 231, 245, 246, 263
Allies, 3, 4, 6–9, 11, 15, 50, 51, 78, 83, 86, 103–5, 107–11, 127, 132, 158, 162, 168, 175, 177, 180, 183, 185–9, 203, 204, 214, 271, 273, 274, 275, 279, 280, 288, 297, 355, 385, 431, 437
Amboina, 353
Andaman Is., 43, 44, 414, 420
Anderson, Cdr, U.S. Navy, 218
Anti-Aircraft, 54, 84, 96, 106, 107, 109, 113, 116, 118, 188, 204, 205, 224, 242, 288, 289, 307, 314, 318, 321, 335, 349, 392, 393, 412, 423, 424, 436, 448
Anti-Submarine Warfare, 18, 26, 29, 35, 39, 57, 84, 103–31 286, 289, 295, 372
Anti-U-boat Committee, 111, 120, 121, 128, 131, 139, 141, 159, 161, 162, 191, 192
Antwerp, 191, 192, 251, 252, 255, 256
Anzio, 175, 274, 275, 290, 291, 293, 295–7, 305–8
Arnhem, 197
Army, British, 4, 176, 177, 180, 181, 186, 189, 191, 201, 209, 215, 216, 218, 229, 230, 251, 256, 266, 291, 294, 295, 296, 306, 307, 308, 434; Canadian, 180, 181, 186, 191, 192, 201, 209, 215, 216, 224, 229, 231–5, 237, 247, 248, 251, 266, 274, 276; French, 177, 275, 302, 311, 313, 316; German, 179, 180, 181, 184, 186, 187–90, 192, 229, 230, 245, 246, 250, 263–7, 288, 290, 296, 306, 322, 329, 332; Italian, 277, 287; U.S., 77, 82, 176, 177, 180, 181, 186, 191, 195, 201, 202, 208, 209, 210, 229, 251, 256, 258, 266, 306, 307, 334, 391, 406
Arnold, Gen H. H., U.S.A.A.F., 6, 15, 30
Arromanches, 217, 249, 255, 266
Asia, 36, 107, 329, 431
Athens, 278
Atkins, A. J., 95–7
Atafui I., 387
Atlantic, 3, 12, 50, 51, 103, 104, 106, 107, 120, 122, 124, 126, 132, 133, 135, 137, 139, 140, 154, 155, 156, 162, 164, 167, 170, 182, 185, 186, 188, 202, 205, 228, 280, 286, 288, 335, 440
Atlee, C. R., 432
Australia, 12, 56, 64, 68, 330–2, 336, 345, 346, 348, 353, 357, 358, 360, 364, 376, 379, 381, 382, 385, 386, 399, 416, 427, 440, 445–7, 452, 454
Axis, 36, 281, 283
Azores, 104, 109, 119, 120, 121, 123, 127, 131, 133, 135, 137, 141, 163, 168
Bailey Bridge, 88
Balkans, 12, 65, 273, 281–71, 226
Bangkok, 43, 359
Bateson, Capt, 86
Belfast Lough, 161, 184
Belgium, 191, 252, 253, 256, 257
Bengal, Bay of, 64, 67
Benoit, CPO M., R.C.N., 164
Bergen, 160
Berlin, 20, 22, 26, 27, 82, 175, 251
Beesly, Lt P., 166
Bieri, R Adm R. H., U.S. Navy, 178, 193, 289, 299, 347, 348
Biscay, Bay of, 32, 39, 62, 89, 90, 98, 104, 107, 108, 113, 116–24, 132, 133, 135, 154, 155, 167, 168, 170, 186, 188,
Bishop’s Rock, 179
Bishop’s Waltham, 179
Bismarck Is., 345, 352
Bizerte, 289
Black Sea, 51
Blackett, Prof P. M. S., 104
Blake, V Adm Sir G., 18, 51, 57, 58, 59, 65, 134
Blimp, 165–6
Bofors gun, 88, 90, 96, 97, 98,
Bombardment, 56, 181, 182, 183, 186, 187, 189, 190, 193, 194, 196, 202, 203, 206, 209, 210, 212, 215, 219, 221–4, 227, 229, 239, 240, 241, 245, 246, 257, 258, 265, 266, 271, 273, 288, 294, 302, 303, 306, 308, 311, 317, 319, 321, 322, 371, 382, 391, 435, 441
Bombing, 8, 15, 43, 56, 57, 60, 61, 66, 75, 76, 97, 105, 107–11, 120, 153, 158–62, 178, 182, 188, 210, 212, 223, 227, 228, 242, 243, 245, 247, 261, 264, 265, 278, 281, 288, 319, 341, 342, 349, 409, 422, 434, 437, 439, 452, 453
Bonifacio, Strait of, 321
Bordeaux, 251
Borneo, 397, 415, 419, 420
Bosphorus, 273
Boston, Mass., 33, 34
Bougainville, 382
Boyd, V Adm Sir D., 141, 350
Bracken, Brendan, 77–80
Bradley, Gen O., U.S. Army, 198
Bremen, 71, 160–2
Bremerhafen, 71
Brereton, Gen L., U.S.A.A.F., 201, 281
Brest, 189, 201, 234, 237, 251, 264
Brind, R Adm P., 48, 128, 141, 163, 390
Brine, Lt P. F., U.S.N.R., 326
Brisbane, 64, 428
Bristol Channel, 139
British Admiralty Delegation, 5, 7, 8, 15–18, 24, 25, 27, 33, 34, 72–4, 83, 84, 98, 100, 113, 116–21, 124, 127, 199, 212, 221, 239, 300, 344, 345, 387, 388, 389, 390
British Expeditionary Force, 185
Brooke, F-M Sir A., 4, 5, 14, 42, 45, 67,68, 69, 192, 275, 333
Brown, Adm Wilson, U.S. Navy, 284
Brushek, R Adm, U.S. Navy, 59, 91
Bryant, R Adm C.F., U.S. Navy, 316
Bulgaria, 281
Burma, 175, 330, 333, 339, 349, 362, 383
Burt, R Adm G. G. P., 90
Byrnes, J. F., 197
Caen, 191, 230
Cairo, 9, 41–6, 86, 130, 197
Campbell, Sir R., 137
Canada, 3, 28, 96, 124, 167, 169–72, 175, 247, 354
Cape Wrath, 156
Capri, 308
Caroline Is, 343, 350, 387
Caribbean, 104, 125, 126, 167, 171
Casablanca, 135
Castle Archdale, 113
Ceylon, 64, 371, 440
Channel Is., 237
Charleston, 60
Chatham, 59
Cherbourg, 179, 189, 190, 201, 223, 234, 242, 243, 245, 251, 252, 264
Cherwell, Lord, 131
Chiang Kai Shek, 56
Chiefs of Staff, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11–13, 19, 23, 31–4, 44, 49, 50, 55, 58, 65, 68, 70, 73, 76, 104, 111, 121–5, 135, 175, 176, 192, 195, 204, 205, 206, 208, 275, 277, 285, 305, 309, 310, 331–4, 344, 348, 353, 357, 363, 365, 369, 415–19, 425
China, 8, 12, 56, 330, 330–3, 409, 430
Churchill, Winston, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 18, 26, 32, 41, 42, 44, 52, 68, 69, 77, 111, 130, 131, 139, 161, 162, 175–80, 182, 184, 190, 242, 241, 244, 250, 256, 271–5, 284–6, 297, 309, 331–4, 359, 360, 363, 365, 367, 368, 426
Chungking, 431
Clark, Gen M., U.S. Army, 76
Clarke, Capt A. W., 206
Clay, Capt J. C., U.S. Navy, 314
Clyde, River, 74, 75, 160, 161, 184
Coast Guard [U.S.], 93, 95, 125
Coastal Command, 74, 75, 87, 108–11, 113, 118, 121, 124, 128, 132–7, 139, 141, 142, 143, 154–7, 163, 166, 168, 170, 182, 189 4
Coastal forces, 28, 181–4, 220, 222
Cochrane, Capt E. S., U.S. Navy, 134
Colombo, 340, 361
Commandos, 186, 216, 218, 319
Combined Chiefs of Staff, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 19, 21, 22, 23, 32, 34–9, 41–6, 49, 52, 55, 64–71, 75–7, 120, 124, 159, 162, 163, 175, 190, 201, 204, 205, 208, 209, 211, 213, 239, 243, 244, 271, 273, 277–9, 281, 297, 323, 326, 333, 334, 339, 344, 345, 346, 348, 353, 357, 358, 415, 416, 429
Conferences, Arcadia, 4; Eureka, 42; Octagon, 3, 13, 73, 74, 358, 363, 366, 365, 369; Quadrant, 3, 125, 332, 333, 339; Sextant, 9, 12, 35, 38, 53, 348; Terminal, 78; Trident, 176
Convoy, 29, 87, 106, 108, 114, 115, 120, 121, 122, 125, 127–30, 135, 138, 139, 144, 147, 151–5, 157, 159, 163, 166, 170, 182, 230, 234, 236, 237, 278, 289, 302, 321, 385
Cooke, V Adm C. M., U.S. Navy, 196, 198, 205, 209, 211, 349, 351
Coral Sea, 352
Cotentin Peninsula, 251, 267
Cowes, 234
Creighton, Capt J. M., U.S. Navy, 430, 431
Crete, 26, 137, 278, 281
Cunningham, AoF Sir A. B., 5, 6, 7, 14, 15, 18, 34, 41–6, 51, 52, 53, 57–9, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73–6, 106, 110, 111, 121, 153, 154, 157–9, 161, 164, 165, 166, 178, 179, 190, 191, 192, 202–4, 210, 213, 242, 243, 245, 246, 256, 257, 271, 273, 275, 277, 300, 301, 332, 334, 335, 337, 344, 345, 346, 348, 350, 354, 359, 360, 361, 363–6, 370, 371, 381, 398, 419, 420, 432
Cunningham-de Courten Agreement, 273, 283, 323
Cunningham, Adm Sir J., 209, 272, 277, 283, 289, 296, 314, 323
Dalmatian Coast, 380
Dakar, 280
Danzig, 160
Dardanelles, 273
Dartmouth, 215
De Gaulle, Gen C., 273
Den Helder, 264
Denmark, 253
Depth Charges, 96, 103, 105, 109, 111, 113–16, 126, 127, 140, 142–51
De Pass, Cdre D., 411, 415
De Wolf, Cdr H. G., R. C. N., 230
Deyo, R Adm M. L., U.S. Navy, 239, 242
Dickens, Adm Sir G., 289
Diego Suarez, 352
Dieppe, 264
Dill, F-M Sir J., 7, 22, 32, 133
Dockyards, British, 59, 60, 90, 91; U.S., 59, 60, 66, 90, 91
Dodecanese, 277, 278, 281
Dönitz, Adm K., 103, 106, 107, 109, 110, 188, 189
Doolittle, Gen, U.S.A.A.F., 161
Dorling, R Adm J. W. S., 19, 83–9
Douglas, Capt A. D., U.S. Navy, 24
Douglas-Pennant, R Adm, 225
Dover, 177, 186, 215
Drydocks, U.K., 27, 59, 60, 90, 91; U.S., 59, 60, 91
DUKW, 240, 245, 307
Duncan, Adm, U.S. Navy, 357
Dunkeswell, 136
Dunkirk, 177
Dupre, Capt M. M., U.S. Navy, 357, 359, 419, 420
Durgin, R Adm G., U.S. Navy, 317
East Indies, 453
E-boats, 108, 139, 180, 159, 182, 188, 221, 222, 204, 242–4, 294, 317
Eddystone, 248
Edelsten, R Adm J. H., 141, 157, 161
Eden, Anthony, 49
Edgar, Cdre C. D., U.S. Navy, 316
Edwards, V Adm R. S., U.S. Navy, 160, 161, 201, 367, 389, 427, 428
Eisenhower, Gen D. D., U.S. Army, 6, 16, 23, 33, 45, 46, 58, 153, 176, 179, 190, 192, 193, 195, 197, 201, 203, 204, 205, 209, 212–4, 221, 224, 230, 243, 244, 249, 251, 253, 254, 257, 263, 264–9, 273, 275, 277, 280, 282, 300, 301, 309, 310, 324, 339
Elba, 320
Ellis I., 340
England, 84, 154, 157, 167, 184, 185, 214, 220, 40853, 333, 395, 452
English Channel, 74, 75, 108, 109, 144, 168, 169, 175, 177, 179, 181, 182, 185, 187, 189, 190, 213, 217, 220, 221, 234, 248, 257, 260, 263, 264
Eniwetok, 57, 428, 446, 447
Espiritu Santi, 382
Etate, 340
Evans-Lombe, Cdre, 423
Europe, 8, 9, 11, 13, 19, 38, 44, 52, 73, 74, 99, 175, 176, 202, 206, 251, 263, 264, 272, 273, 275, 335, 340, 345, 348, 354, 355, 368, 383, 395, 435, 452, 453
European Advisory Commission, 78, 258
Ewen, Capt E. C., U.S. Navy, 421, 423
Exercise, Fabius, 218
Exeter, 261
Exmouth Gulf, 340
Faeroe Is., 155, 167, 168
Fairbanks, Lt Cdr D. E., U.S.N.R., 320
Falmouth, 151, 215, 259–61
Far East, 11, 13, 35, 73, 79
Felixstowe, 184, 215
Finland, Gulf of, 157
Fife, Adm, 447
Fiji, 367
Flanagan, Capt., U.S. Navy, 158, 159, 161, 247
Fleet Air Arm, 16, 40, 48, 71–3, 76, 91–5, 97, 108, 141, 140, 144, 156, 2014, 14, 7, 318, 336, 345, 368, 375, 374, 376, 377, 380, 382, 383, 388, 389, 410, 411, 413, 414, 421–4, 426, 432, 437–9, 441, 442, 444, 450, 452
Fleet Train, U.K., 13, 14, 68, 73, 74, 86, 335, 338, 343, 346, 348, 349, 354, 357, 362, 364, 368, 369, 371, 373, 379, 384, 386, 396, 397, 399, 400–02, 405, 406, 413, 414, 420, 429, 433, 434, 440, 444, 445, 446, 448, 449, 451, 452, 454; U.S., 13, 358
Formosa, 56, 239, 339, 343, 352, 409, 412
Foreign Office, 137
Forrestal, J., 424
Fowey, 215, 260, 261
France, 8, 9, 11, 16, 20, 29, 34, 41, 45, 47, 51, 78, 80, 108, 147, 155, 157, 183, 184, 190–2, 207, 213, 214, 225, 249, 250–3, 258, 264, 265, 275, 301, 302, 310, 318, 321, 323, 324, 329, 387, 431
Fraser, Adm Sir B., 26, 74, 335, 336, 355, 356, 359, 360–4, 365, 366, 369, 370, 373, 379, 381–3, 386, 390, 391, 394, 395, 398, 401, 402, 404, 405, 407, 408, 411, 414, 415, 418, 419, 420–2, 425–9, 432, 433, 437–9, 441–4, 446–50, 451–4
Fréjus, 317
Freetown, 167
Fremantle, 340, 354, 355, 371, 408, 442
French Indo-China, 339, 357
French Navy, 11, 30, 35, 38, 39, 142, 181, 207, 211, 212, 213, 227, 280, 288, 299, 300, 301, 304, 305, 306, 308, 312–17, 322
Friedburger, Capt W., 86
Frizzle, Wing Cmdr J. C., R.C.A.F., 114–16
Fujiyama, 437
Funafuti, 340, 341
Gallipoli, 175
Gardiner I, 387
Gela, 193
Genoa, Gulf of, 274
German Air Force, 108, 134, 136, 185, 188, 227, 228, 230, 261, 277, 288, 294, 295, 306, 308, 319
German Army, 179, 180, 181, 184, 186, 187, 188, 191, 192, 231, 245, 246, 250, 263, 264–7, 288, 290, 296, 306, 322, 329, 332
German Navy, 20, 38, 39, 62, 67, 73, 74, 78–82, 107, 108, 112, 178, 180, 181, 182, 187, 188, 184, 186–9, 204, 206, 211, 216, 220–3, 227, 229, 230, 234–40, 264, 303, 306, 311, 319
Germany, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 19, 20, 26, 33, 36, 41, 48, 51, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 70, 73, 82, 83, 106, 108, 111, 127, 129, 137, 157, 175, 176, 247, 252, 258, 259, 272, 273, 274, 275, 279, 281, 346, 348, 358
Gibraltar, 107, 108, 123, 124, 128, 142, 163, 164, 352
Glassford, V Adm, U.S. Navy, 178, 253, 254
Gnat, 106, 159
Golfe da Napouli, 322
Goodeve, Sir S., 100
Grey, Capt A. N., 296, 423
Guadalcanal, 342, 352
Guam, 420, 421, 432, 446
Gulf of Gaeta, 306
Gulf of Marseille, 309
Guns, 16, 96–100
Hague, The, 253
Halifax, N. S., 160, 162, 168
Hall, R Adm J. L., U.S. Navy, 178, 196, 201, 210, 253
Halsey, Adm W. F., U.S. Navy, 404, 405, 426, 431, 433, 434, 436, 437, 441, 450
Hamburg, 160, 161
Hamilton, Capt, U.S. Navy, 133, 136
Handy, U.S. Navy, 209
Harriman, W., 50, 100
Hartland Point, 151
Harwich, 215
Hawaii, 12, 330, 355
Heligoland Bight, 220
Helford River, 215
Hewitt, V Adm Kent, U.S. Navy, 271, 275, 285, 288, 290, 291, 302, 310, 313, 320, 325, 353, 356, 364, 383
High Frequency Direction Finding, 104
Hitler, Adolf, 8, 40, 72, 156, 187, 188, 272
Hokkaido, 420, 433
Hong Kong, 332, 339, 440, 446
Honshu, 420, 433
Hopkins, Cdr F. H. E., 340, 394
Hopkins, Harry L., 3, 285
Horne, V Adm J. E., U.S. Navy, 66, 77
Horton, Adm Sir M., 104, 111, 128, 134, 138, 147, 152, 153, 157, 158, 160, 164, 184
Hughes-Hallett, Capt. J., 182
Humber, River, 184
Ile de Bas, 236, 237, 239
Imperial Japanese Navy, 36–8, 55–7, 207, 312, 374, 376, 385, 433, 442, 450
India, 24, 64, 332, 353
Indian Ocean, 4, 7, 10, 13, 14, 53, 107, 121, 122, 183, 207, 285, 312, 330, 331, 334, 335, 346, 347, 349, 395, 440
Ingersoll, Adm R. E., U.S. Navy, 54, 346
Ingram, Adm J., U.S. Navy, 137, 160
Ingram, Capt, U.S. Navy, 159
Intelligence, 346, 379, 380, 389, 390, 403, 407
Ireland, 121, 167
Irish Sea, 74, 75, 160
Isbell, Capt A. J., U.S. Navy, 144
Italy, 4, 6, 8, 11, 19, 23, 33, 34, 42, 176, 210, 272–4, 277–9, 281, 282, 287, 289, 290, 302, 305, 306, 323
Japan, 4, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 35, 36, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 56, 57, 67, 68, 69, 72, 73, 77, 83, 90, 99, 207, 279, 329, 330–3, 335–8, 343, 344, 346, 347, 349, 354, 357–9, 369, 370, 381, 387, 391, 393, 395, 397, 412, 414–20, 426, 431–3, 436, 437, 439, 441, 446, 452; merchant vessels, 36, 37, 57, 342, 354, 442, 443
John, Capt. C., 91
Johnson, Capt H. G., U.S. Navy, 314
Joint Assessment Board, 370
Joint Staff Mission, 6, 15, 19, 50, 54, 65, 76, 82, 83, 122, 123, 124, 125, 133, 415
Jones, Cdr B., 235
Joy, R Adm C. T., U.S. Navy, 389
Kauffman, R Adm J., U.S. Navy, 406
Kamikaze, 333, 335, 337, 392–4, 409, 423, 420, 423, 449
Kennedy, Joseph P., 3
Kennedy-Purvis, Adm C., 350
Kent, 186
Kesselring, F-M, 274
Keynes, J. M., 76
Key West, 29
Kiel, 67, 70, 160, 253, 254
Killigrew, 259
King, Adm E. J., U.S. Navy, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 22, 25, 31–4, 41, 42, 44, 46, 49, 52, 54, 58, 63, 65–71, 80, 86, 100, 104, 113, 116–27, 132, 133, 137, 138, 139, 157–60, 164–6, 181, 189, 190, 194, 195, 199, 202–4, 210, 212, 219, 221, 222, 239, 242–4, 251, 252, 258, 274, 275, 279, 280, 284, 298, 299, 300, 302, 305, 309–11, 324, 326, 333–7, 339, 345–51, 353–6, 360–70, 389, 390, 395, 396, 398, 399, 400, 402, 404, 405, 408, 414, 419, 420, 425, 427–9, 433, 447
King George VI, 432
King, W. L. M., 3
Kinkaid, V Adm T. C., U.S. Navy, 54, 356, 361, 363, 365, 370, 381, 391, 394, 397, 405, 406, 408
Kingman, Adm H. F., U.S. Navy, 423
Kirk, V Adm, U.S. Navy, 49, 178, 185, 194, 196, 198, 199, 200, 203, 223, 229, 230, 242, 252, 254, 257, 258, 285, 348
Kline, Capt, U.S. Navy, 153
Knox, Frank, 25, 129, 211
Kos, 274, 275, 277, 281, 284
Kronstadt, 158
Kure, 412
Kurile Is., 348, 417, 418
Kusaie, 56
Kwajalein, 56
Kyushu, 412, 433
Lagens, 135
Lambe, Capt C., 347
La Marsa, 277
Landing Craft, 10, 16, 24, 25, 27, 28, 32, 33, 37, 41, 42, 43, 47, 84, 87, 92, 96, 176, 181–4, 187, 193–5, 197–200, 204, 209, 211, 213, 214, 218, 223, 228–34, 242, 244, 245, 259–63, 265, 266, 274, 278, 289, 291–5, 297, 303, 307–10, 319, 321, 324, 325, 345, 354, 355, 356, 396, 446
Land’s End, 75, 148, 251
Leahy, Adm W. D., U.S. Navy, 4, 11, 12, 14, 21, 31, 41, 42, 43, 45, 65, 67, 68, 195, 285, 355, 357, 358, 387, 431
Leathers, Lord, 336
Leigh-Mallory, Air Mshl Sir T., 179, 225
Le Fanu, Capt M., 413
Le Havre, 179, 189, 251, 252, 256, 258, 264
Le Mesurier, Capt E. K., 98
Le Monnier, Contre Amiral, 280
Lend-Lease, 16, 17, 19, 76, 86, 89, 90, 96, 98, 100, 196
Leros, 284
Lewin, Cdr T., 414
Leyte, 402, 404, 405, 413, 418, 420, 422, 423, 426, 441, 443, 446, 447
Lisbon, 137, 241, 294, 297
Lucas, Maj Gen J. P., U.S. Army, 291, 294, 306
Lumsden, Gen Sir H., 363, 381
Luzon, 391, 395
Lyme Bay, 222
Lyon, 302
Macdonald, Mr, 162
McArthur, Gen D., U.S. Army, 4, 12, 13, 14, 64, 70, 336, 337, 339, 346, 353, 355, 356, 358, 362–5, 370, 381, 391, 397, 394, 396, 398, 400, 406, 432, 437, 447, 453
McCain, V Adm, U.S. Navy, 441
McCanlish, Cdre, U, S. Navy, 135, 136
McCormick, R Adm L. D., U.S. Navy, 348
McDiarmid, Lt Cdr, R.C.N.V.R., 166
Madagascar, 175
Magnetic Anomaly Detection, 104, 142, 145
Malacca Is., 339, 395, 420
Malaya, 330, 332, 354, 357, 362, 417, 418; Strait of, 353, 354, 430
Malta, 79, 271
Manila, 370
Mansfield, R Adm J. M., 26
Manus, 336, 375, 382, 384, 397–9, 425
Mariana Is., 57, 162, 350, 352, 421
Marseille, 11, 275, 302, 313, 322, 323, 324
Marshall, Gen G. C., U.S. Army, 6, 7, 22, 45, 209, 275, 284, 285, 290, 309, 310, 325, 356, 358, 359, 426
Marshall Is., 37, 56, 341, 343
Matapan, 271
Mediterranean, 5, 8, 10, 11, 23, 25, 26, 32, 34, 39, 41, 42, 44, 50, 51, 65, 99, 107, 143, 160, 162, 164, 175, 176, 178, 199, 202, 205, 211, 212, 219, 239, 242, 245, 271–326, 335, 340, 343, 344, 347, 352, 355, 361, 394, 410, 453
Melbourne, 373–5, 380, 448
Merchant Vessels, 33, 34, 38, 86, 103, 106, 107, 109, 111, 120, 125, 127, 130, 137, 144, 145, 159, 160, 163, 166, 168, 178, 188, 189, 201, 204, 209, 213, 215, 274, 281, 283, 286, 287, 288, 295, 323, 324, 325, 335, 366
Mergui, 362
Middle East, 277, 284, 285
Midway, 331, 343, 352
Milford Haven, 215
Miller, Capt H. B., U.S. Navy, 163, 164
Minches, The, 156, 161
Mines, 15, 105, 108, 141, 162, 185, 187, 188, 222, 228, 229, 231, 232, 238, 243, 256, 265, 311, 313, 319, 376, 377, 382, 385, 399
Minesweeping, 16, 30, 80, 87, 182, 183, 185, 188, 193, 198, 212, 213, 216, 219, 227, 229, 245, 256, 294, 306, 307, 319, 385, 391, 429
Missis, Capt, U.S. Navy, 158
Mobile Naval Air Base, 399, 400, 401, 454
Mobile Naval Defence Base Organisation, 61
Mokareng, 401
Molucca Is., 446
Monckton, Sir W., 262, 263
Montgomery, Gen Sir B. L., 176, 177, 179, 191, 192, 193, 201, 224, 230
Moon, R Adm D. P., U.S. Navy, 178, 194, 199, 289
Moran, Capt, U.S.N.R., 248, 249
Moray Firth, 156
Morey, Capt H. W., 121, 122
Morgan, Lt Gen Sir F., 22, 23, 45, 176, 189, 193, 195, 200, 252
Morgenthau, Henry, 76
Morlaix, 237, 238
Morocco, 119, 120, 127, 163
Morse, R Adm J. A. V., 240, 324
Moscow, 63, 77, 157, 158
Mountbatten, V Adm Lord L., 346, 347, 350, 362, 383
Mounts Bay, 234
Mulberry Harbours, 179, 182, 183, 189, 190, 191, 195, 200, 201, 203, 204, 214, 217, 242, 243, 249, 250, 254, 255, 262, 263
Musso Canal, 291
Mussolini, Benito, 272
Nansei Shotu, 381, 409, 433
Naples, 274, 289, 295, 306, 307
Napoule, 322
Nauru, 341
Navy Department, 16, 22, 34, 63, 72, 73, 83, 84, 85, 86, 88, 90, 92, 98, 99, 123, 124, 128, 258, 288, 309, 320, 339, 345, 346, 359
Netherlands, 16, 253, 258, 331, 357
Nimitz, Adm C. W. U.S. Navy, 12, 51, 54, 55, 56, 74, 337, 340, 346, 349, 350, 359, 360–70, 373, 379, 381–3, 387, 390, 395–8, 400, 402–8, 411, 411, 414, 415, 418–22, 427–32, 436, 440, 441, 442, 447, 448, 450, 451, 453
Noble, Adm Sir P., 7, 8, 16, 52, 116–20, 124, 127, 132, 133, 199, 202, 210, 212, 219, 221, 271, 272, 278, 299, 300, 311, 312, 339, 348, 349, 354
Normandy, 4, 75, 175, 190, 194, 246, 261, 183, 188
North Channel, 161
North Sea, 219, 220
Norway, 108, 147, 153–6, 171, 172, 253, 274
Nottingham, Lt Cdr, 410
Oerlikon, 16, 84, 88, 96, 247, 449
Okinawa, 337, 409, 433, 441, 446
Operations, Accolade, 279; Anvil-Dragoon, 11, 12, 14, 42–5, 50, 51, 53, 54, 57, 65, 106, 107, 190, 199, 200, 202, 203, 205–7, 210–12, 242, 274, 275, 286, 287, 290; Bullfrog, 339; Cockpit, 352, 353; Culverin, 44; Eclipse 258; Highball, 370, 374, 375, 376, 382, 395; Husky, 147; Iceberg, 396, 398, 408, 411, 412, 414, 418, 421, 441, 443, 447, 453; Meridian, 425; Neptune, 9, 10, 4, 34, 177, 179, 180, 181, 190, 193, 196, 198, 211–13, 219, 221, 223, 224, 239, 257, 264, 298, 300, 301, 311, 313; Overlord, 9, 10, 12, 14, 20–3, 31, 32, 33, 35, 41, 44, 45, 49, 50, 53, 54, 57, 177, 180, 181, 186, 190, 191, 193, 195, 199, 204–6, 208, 239, 242, 244, 286, 287, 290, 291, 300–2, 304, 309, 313, 347, 348, 349, 364 ; Shingle, 290, 296; Olympic, 453; Pigstick, 347; Tarzan, 44; Tiger, 227; Torch, 177, 197, 297; Tungsten, 352, 353; Turco, 218
Osborn, Capt D. R., U.S. Navy, 208
Ottawa, 34, 84, 105
Ouistreham, 216, 224
Pacific, 4, 11–14, 19, 26, 35–7, 41, 46, 53–7, 60, 64, 68, 70, 72, 84, 99, 183, 245, 275, 279, 280, 302, 309, 330–7, 341, 342, 346–50, 355, 360, 363, 365, 367, 369, 371, 372, 374, 376, 377, 380, 381, 388, 389, 405, 407, 411, 417, 419, 427, 433, 436, 441, 442, 443, 456–53
Palau Is., 64
Palembang, 336, 374, 375, 397, 440, 452, 453
Panama Canal, 346, 446
Paris, 275
Parry, R Adm W. E., 226
Pas-de-Calais, 186, 188, 191
Passmore, Cdr W. M., 254
Patton, Gen G., U.S. Army, 185
Pearl Harbor, 82, 330, 337, 340, 343, 359, 360, 369, 380, 381, 383, 440, 442, 448
Pendine, 152
Penney, Maj Gen W. R., 291, 295
Pétain, Mshl, 273
Phoenix Is., 387
Philadelphia, 222
Philippines, 68, 74, 330, 336, 354, 361, 381, 382, 391, 394, 395, 405, 407, 408, 416, 417, 419, 428, 446, 447, 448, 452
Plan Dog, 4
PLUTO, 139, 180, 214
Plymouth, 148, 151, 152, 215, 222, 225, 234
Piraeus, 325
Pisa, 42
Polish Navy, 8, 181, 184, 226, 235, 274, 306
Ponam, 408
Ponape, 56
Poole, 215
Portal, Air Chf Mshl Sir C., 5, 14, 15, 43, 44, 48, 62, 69, 75, 76
Portal, R Adm R. H., 434, 435
Porter, Capt L. E., 29, 347
Portland, U.K., 215
Port Lyautey, 123, 163, 164
Portsmouth, 215, 223, 230
Portugal, 104, 124, 132, 135
Pott, R Adm H., 340
Potsdam, 429, 431
Pryce, Capt, U.S. Navy, 27
Pound, AoF Sir D., 5, 32, 177, 178, 319
Quebec, 3, 13, 67–71, 77, 332, 361
Rabaul, 342, 352
Radar, 16, 84, 85, 88, 106, 109, 118, 122, 127, 134, 147, 185, 188, 238, 264, 288, 294, 296, 320, 439
Ramree, 46
Ramsay, Adm Sir B. H., 178, 179, 180–3, 188–92, 195, 196, 198, 202, 204, 213, 218, 219, 223–25, 228, 230, 242, 243, 249, 252, 253, 254, 256, 257, 264
Rangers, 185, 216, 298, 294, 307
Rangoon, 359
Rawlings, V Adm Sir H. B., 403, 409, 432, 441, 447
Reeves, Adm J M., U.S. Navy, 274, 279
Reid, R Adm H. E., R.C.N., 367
Rhine, River, 191, 192
Research, 84, 85, 91, 100, 104, 105, 107
Rhodes, 41
Rhône, River, 11, 178, 190, 273, 275, 277, 279, 281, 285, 302, 313
Rimini, 42, 271
Rockets, 105, 141, 288, 307
Rogers, R Adm B. J., U.S. Navy, 316
Rome, 175, 274, 279
Rommel, F-M Erwin, 156, 187, 265
Roosevelt, Pres Franklin D., 3, 4, 7, 9, 13, 14, 19, 42, 44, 50–2, 69, 77, 86, 131, 197, 244, 271, 275, 284–6, 290, 297, 333, 334, 366, 418, 419
Roseneath, 289
Roskill, Capt S. W., 17, 84, 98–100
Rotterdam, 3, 51, 253
Rouen, 256
Roumania, 80, 281
Royal Air Force, 76, 93, 94, 95, 108, 182–4, 187, 188, 211, 212, 226, 231, 245, 278, 306, 313, 382
Royal Australian Navy, 360, 391, 392
Royal Canadian Air Force, 113, 132, 166–8, 185
Royal Canadian Navy, 30, 35, 124, 138, 144, 145, 147, 148–53, 162, 164–72, 181, 182, 185, 205, 225, 231–4, 236–9, 247, 250, 251, 367, 388
Royal Hellenic Navy, 273, 274, 306
Royal Marines, 192, 390
Royal Navy, 8, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 26, 32, 50, 53, 64, 65, 69, 78, 79, 80, 86, 88, 89, 90, 92, 104, 127, 137, 147, 179, 181, 182, 194, 193, 198, 199, 202, 205, 206–8, 211–13, 219, 222, 225, 227, 229, 235 239, 240, 241, 244, 245, 246, 250, 253, 256, 271, 272, 274, 275, 277, 284, 286, 288, 289, 292–6, 298–302, 304–8, 311–15, 317, 321, 322; manpower, 33–5, 46–8, 60, 61, 207
Royal Netherlands Navy, 274, 293, 306, 307
Royal New Zealand Navy, 360
Royal Norwegian Navy, 181, 229
Rundstedt, F-M von, 186
Rushbrooke, Cdre E. G. R., 55
Ryukyu Is., 410
St George’s Channel, 155, 161
St Lawrence, River, 217
St Laurent, 216, 217, 231, 266
St Mawes, 259
Sabang, 336
Sabin, Capt L. S., U.S. Navy, 199
Sagami Wen, 437
Saipan, 420, 446
Saks, Lt, R.C.N.V.R., 250
Sakishima Gunto, 337
Salazar, Dr, 131, 132, 137, 145
Salcombe, 215
Salerno, 194, 196, 274, 278, 289
Salonica, 278
Samar, 42
Sardinia, 302
Scapa Flow, 211
Scarlett, Lt (E) W. J., R.C.N.V.R., 233
Scheldt, River, 191, 192, 256
Schnorkel, 74, 75, 82, 87, 106, 107, 108, 109, 153, 157, 161, 189
Seine, Bay of, 179, 186, 223, 224, 225, 264
Senegal, 322
Shanghai, 430
Sherman, V Adm F. C., U.S. Navy, 428
Shikoku, 433
Siam, 340
Siberia, 366
Sicily, 6, 84, 175, 176, 177, 211, 272, 302
Signals, 105, 385, 386, 450
Sinclair, Sir A., 76
Singapore, 68, 207, 332, 339, 354, 359, 419, 426, 440, 442, 446, 447
Sino-Japanese War, 336
Skahill, Capt, 222
Slapton Sands, 180, 222
Slessor, Air Mshl Sir P., 118, 119, 123, 133, 135, 136
Smith, Lt Gen Bedell, U.S. Army, 209
Solberg, Cdr A., U.S. Navy, 129
Solent, 215
Solomon Is., 28, 343, 344
Somerville, Adm Sir J. F., 7, 44, 77, 122, 271, 331, 336, 346, 360, 361, 364, 366, 398, 408
Sonar, 74, 75, 103, 105, 111, 126, 127, 145, 146, 148–51
South America, 329
South China Sea, 278, 417, 419
South East Asia Command, 14, 29, 45, 53, 64, 280, 284, 339, 344, 345, 353, 354, 361, 383
Southend, 215
Southampton, 215, 218
South West Pacific Area, 12, 35, 64, 69, 334, 336, 337, 340, 344, 345, 354, 355, 358, 359, 363, 364, 370, 380, 382, 385, 390, 396, 400, 445, 447, 453
Southwick House, 179
Spain, 251
Spithead, 215
Spruance, V Adm R. A., U.S. Navy, 337, 404, 441, 445, 448
Stalin, Joseph V., 9, 19, 42, 176, 271, 275
Stark, Adm H. R., U.S. Navy, 4, 18, 25, 31, 32, 46, 48, 49, 54, 55, 57, 58, 60–2, 118, 119, 129, 131, 134–7, 153, 156–61, 163, 164, 165, 166, 194, 195, 200, 202, 203, 204, 210, 211, 222, 228, 239, 243, 245, 248, 249, 251–6, 280, 285, 355, 356, 389, 390, 419, 425
Strategy, 113, 133, 333, 354, 370, 371, 380, 394, 429, 454
Suez Canal, 346
Surabaya, 336
Sydney, 64, 336, 373, 374, 376, 382, 398, 407, 414, 420, 440, 443, 447, 448, 449
Syfret, V Adm Sir E. N., 25, 116, 120, 124, 130, 244
Talbot, R Adm A. G., 226
Taranto, 51, 271, 274, 286, 288, 325
Tarawa, 340
Tedder, Air Chf Mshl Sir A., 177
Teheran, 9, 41, 49, 50, 176, 297
Tennant, V Adm Sir W. A., 218
Terracina, 306, 308
Terrell, Capt, 160
Tilbury, 215
Timor, 131
Tokyo, 421, 434
Tollemache, Capt, U.S. Navy, 20, 21
Tomkinson, Lt Cdr, 410
Torbay, 215
Torquay, 215
Torpedoes, 28, 29, 84, 88, 97, 105, 106, 108, 109, 158
Torres Strait, 362
Towers, Adm J. H., U.S. Navy, 93, 94
Toulon, 11, 275, 302, 313, 321–4
Treaties, 329, 330
Trevose Head, 149–51
Trieste, 275, 309, 310
Trincomalee, 340
Tripartite Naval Mission, 20, 81, 82
Trondheim, 160
Troubridge, R Adm T., 289, 293, 295, 296, 297, 313, 317
Truk, 37, 56, 57, 352
Truman, Pres Harry S., 19, 426
Tufnell, Capt, 346, 347, 350
Tulagi, 352
Tunisia, 344
Turkey, 41, 273, 278, 281
Turner, Capt E., 29
Tutu Bay, 408
U-boats, 8, 9, 15, 20, 38, 39, 51, 61, 74, 75, 78–81, 82, 87, 103–72, 185, 188, 189, 204, 220, 221, 227, 231, 260, 289
Ulithi, 384, 402, 420, 421, 446
Ultra, 104
United Kingdom, 3, 8–14, 16–24, 34, 35, 41, 42, 51, 65, 70, 81–4, 112, 175, 186, 190, 216, 256, 258, 259, 272–5, 278, 280, 281, 284, 285, 289, 302, 329–32, 339, 345, 351, 357, 359, 426, 427, 430, 431, 445; government, 33, 34, 68, 73, 74, 78, 207, 359, 419, 420, 426; production, 76, 89, 104
United Nations, 39, 88, 281–4, 344
Unity Is., 387
U.S. Army Air Force, 82, 121, 122, 124–7, 133, 135, 137, 139, 160, 201, 225, 285, 306, 317, 344, 393
United States Navy, 8, 9, 11, 13–19, 34, 40, 47, 49, 52, 55, 57, 58, 63, 67, 69, 70–4, 77, 78, 80, 83, 84, 86, 91, 93, 97, 99, 104, 124, 127, 163, 164, 171, 181, 189, 190, 193, 194, 195, 198, 199, 200, 202, 205, 207, 209, 210, 211, 218, 219–5, 227, 239, 241, 242, 245, 251–4, 256, 258, 259, 260, 261, 271, 273, 274, 285, 286, 288, 289, 292, 293, 296, 298, 299, 300–8, 310–14, 317, 318, 322, 324, 333, 334, 336, 337, 345–9, 356, 357, 369, 376, 377, 379, 383, 384, 385, 386, 388, 389, 392, 393, 402–4, 406, 407, 409, 413, 418, 419, 430, 435, 436, 442, 444, 446, 448, 451; fleets, Atlantic, 289, 290, 298; Pacific, 340, 358, 377, 383, 390, 396, 397, 411, 413, 418, 419, 439, 440, 441, 448, 449, 454; 3rd Fleet, 350, 383, 390, 421, 426, 436, 446, 447; 5th Fleet, 385, 413, 446; 7th Fleet, 363, 390, 402, 406; naval aviation, 345, 384, 387, 388, 393, 394, 438, 439, 442, 443, 444
United States of America, 32, 47, 66, 70, 81, 82, 89, 112, 116, 119, 126, 132, 175, 256, 272–5, 284, 285, 290, 291, 302, 306, 307, 311, 313, 316, 323, 329, 330–4, 339, 343, 346, 357, 377, 378, 382, 426, 427, 442, 443, 446; government, 82, 83, 85, 86, 90, 466; production, 23, 34, 46, 76, 84, 85, 88, 89, 98–100, 104
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 3, 4, 8, 11, 15, 19, 20, 49, 50, 51, 52, 63, 64, 70, 77–83, 110, 112, 157, 158, 175, 253, 273, 277, 281, 284, 286, 287, 290, 297, 298, 329, 366
Vancouver, 27
Varneville, 216, 224, 267
VE-Day, 19, 80
Vegesack, 160
Vian, V Adm Sir P., 202, 225, 249, 400, 410, 414, 423–6, 432, 440, 441
Venezuela, 329
Vickers Armstrong, 98
Vichy, 302
Vienna, 275
Vigo, 123
VT Fuses, 52, 84, 98, 100, 439
Waight, Capt, 403, 404
Walcheren, 192
Walker, Capt F. J., 103
Waller, R Adm J. W. A., 89, 90
Walther, Dr H., 11, 112
War Office, 219
War Shipping Administration, 345
War Transport, Ministry of, 335, 345
Washington, 4, 5, 7, 15, 48, 55, 58, 84, 98, 100, 105, 135, 136, 344, 345, 348, 407, 414
Weymouth, 215
Wheeler, Capt, 36–3, 406, 407
Wight, I of, 184
Wright, Capt, U.S. Navy, 141
Wright, Mr C. S., 100
Wolf Rock, 122
World War I, 9, 80, 175, 177, 329
World War II, 3, 80, 213
Ymuiden, 160
Yokohama, 437
Yugoslavia, 78
Ziroli, Cdre H. W., U.S. Navy, 297
Michael Simpson was educated at Cambridge, Ohio State and Glasgow Universities and was lecturer
in History and American Studies at Swansea University since 1966. He was General Editor for the
Navy Records Society between 1994 and 2000.
His publications include
People and Planning: A History of the Ohio Planning Conference, 1919-1969 (1969)
Anglo-American Naval Relations 1917-1919 (Navy Records Society, 1991).
The Somerville Papers (Navy Records Society, 1995).
The Cunningham Papers 2 volumes (Navy Records Society, 1999 and 2006).
Cunningham: A Life of Admiral of the Fleet Sir Andrew Cunningham (Ashgate, 2004).
Anglo-American Naval Relations 1919-1939 (Navy Records Society, 2010).
Anglo-American-Canadian Naval Relations, 1943-1945 (Navy Records Society, 2021)
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