Papers relating to the Loss of Minorca, 1756

Vol 42 (1911), Captain. H.W. Richmond

A collection formed by the Admiralty in its own defence after Byng had allowed the island to fall, but before he was tried. It contains most of the official papers of importance, but the selection naturally supports the official line.

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ABON ABON, d’, 106 Ache, d’, 106, 192 Achille, 35, 39, 52, 87, 102, 167, 196 Actif, 61, 166, 193 Admiralty, remarks by, 1-16, 94-98, 203-210 Aigle, 61, 72, 74, 77, 106, 192 Aigrette, 196 Aiguillon, Due d’, 69 Aimerie, camp at, 67, 75 Alcide, 61, 63, 64 Alcyon, 193 Algonquin, 61, 76, 166, 195 Amaranthe, 65, 148, 193 America, troops for, 58-60, 63 Am<§thyste, 82, 83, 86, 87, 92, 106, 179, 193 Amphion (Fr.), 106, 149, 166, 192 An6mone, 65, 158, 193 Anson, Lord, 216 Anson (6o-gun ship), 206 Antelope, 7, 205, 206 Apollon, 61, 76, 193 Aquilon, 61, 82, 84, 87, 89, 106, 175, 188, 195 Aquitaine, regiment of, 90 Arc-en-ciel, 63, 106, 175, 178, 181, 193 rgenson, d* (Minister of War), 155 Army, British, state of, 9 Atalante, 20, 87, 106, 169, 174, 194 Aubigny, d’, 87, 106, 194 BANKS, Consul. See Cartagena. Barcelona, letters from, 131 BOS Barham, agent of packet boats. See Dover. Barrington, Lord, 6 Bart, 91 Bauffemont, Dragoons of, 68 Bauffemont, M. de, 61, 64, 105, 155, 156, 175, 192 Bavarian, royal regiment, 72, 74 Bayard, 193 Beaumont, de, 39, 107, 194 Beaussier, de, 107, 192, 194 Belingant, 106, 193 Belleisle, Island of, 70 Belleisle, Marshal, 71, 87, 113, 151-7, 162, 163, 169, 173, 174, 182, 198, 199, 200 Berlement, camp at, 66, 67, 69, 72, 74 Bercheny, Hussars, 68 Bern, letters from, 20, 21, 24, 26, 29, 34> 43, 48> 5°> 55, 57> 58, 100, 104, 112, 115, 120, 128, 138 Berry, de, 106, 193 Bertie, Lord Robert, xxvii, 3> 5 Bienaime”, 197 Bienfaisant, 106, 167, 181, 192 Bird-in-hand, 79 Birtles, Consul. See Barcelona. Blakeney, General, xviii, 121, 122, 124, 135, 146 Blandford, 71-74 Bl&nac, de, 106, 192 Blonde (Fr.), 87, 89, 90, 92, 106, 152, 176, 179, 182, 193 Bos, du, 193 22O THE LOSS OF MINORCA BOSCAWEN Boscawen, Admiral Hon. E., 10, n, 13, 15, 206 Breugnon, de, 106, 192 Brignoles, camp at, 120 Brillant, 197 Brionne, regiment of, 68 Bristol (5o-gun ship), 206 Bristol, Earl of, letters from, See Turin. Brodrick, xv, 6, 7 Brosse, de la, 39, 109, 194 Brune. Sec Monde. Buckingham, 2 Buckley, captain, 19 Bulkeley, regiment of (Fr.), 69, 74. 176 Byng, Sir George, xxi Byng, Admiral Hon. John, xiii, xiv, xx, 1-7 CABANIS, Consul. See Nice. Calian, 107, 194 Cambridge, 5 Canada, Toulon squadron going to, 50, 51, 118, 129, 143; troops going to, from Brest, 153, 173, 178, 182, 185, 186, 190 Capricieux, 106, 166, 175, 188, 192 Captain, 2 Carne”, de, 107, 194, 195 Cartagena, letters from, 18, 33, 34, in, 130 Castultje, battery of, 65 Celebre, 168, 196 Centaure, 168, 196 Centurion, xiii Chaffault, du, 106, 194 Champagne, regiment of, 68 Channel Islands, reported intention to invade, 199 Chariot Royal, 90, 155 Chasteloger, 106, 192 Chenoreau, de, 106 Chesterfield (sloop), 137 Chevert, 68, 69 DOLPHIN Clevland (secretary to the Admiralty), 4, 6 Clue, de la, 39, 64, 107 Cokburne, J., 150, 180 Comete, 61, 82, 86, 87, 92, 193 Comte de Provence (East India ship, Fr.), 197 Concorde, 106, 152, 193 Conflans, 73, 84, 89, 92, 105, 152, 162, 169, 173, 175, 178, 192, 199 Conqu6rant, 166, 195 Constant, 52 Content, 35, 39, 106, 167, 194 Corisiere, de, 107 Corsica, reported to be French objective, 127, 132, 135, 136, 138 Costebelle, de, 107, 194 Council of war at Minorca, xvii, 124 Courageux, 105, 149, 166, 192 Couronne, 35, 36, 39, 52, 102, 106, 167 Courserac, de, 106, 193 Cousages, de, 61, 106, 192 Cousay, 63 Crenay, 64 Crispo, Lieutenant, 79 Culloden, 2 Cumberland (Fr.), 83, 92, 106, 193 DAUPHIN ROYAL, 61, 81, 82, 87, 106, 166, 175, 188, 192 D6fenseur, 61, 81, 106, 151, 166, 192 Defiance, 2 Deptford, 52 Diademe, 168, 196 Diane, 61, 106, 195 Dick, Consul at Leghorn, 36, 135, I37> 145 Dieskau, Brigadier, 58, 60 Diligente, 197 Dillon, regiment of (Fr.), 69, 74. 176 Dolphin, 24, 42 INDEX 221 DOUGLAS Douglas, 46 Dover, letters from, 68, 75, 161, 170, 176 Dragon (Fr.), 166, 196 Dreadnought, 205 Due de Bourgogne, 167, 179, 195 Du Guay, n, 33, 63, 68, 70-74, 80, 81 EAGLE, 205 Edgcumbe, Commodore, references to, 122, 135, 136, 138, 146 ; letters from, 24, 46, 52, 55, 57, 120, 129, 135, 136 Edward and John (armed vessel), 79 Egmont, Comte d’, 141 Emeraude, 83, 92, 106, 149, 192 Entreprenant, 61, 76, 82, 166, 193 Erville, d’, 39, 107, 194 Esp6rance, 20, 61, 82, 84, 87, 89 Essex, 206 FALMOUTH, 205 Fantasque, 168, 197 Ferme, 103, 196 Ferret, 205 Fidele, 61, 87, 106, 150, 188, 194 Fier, 35, 39, 41, 52, 102,106,195 Fleur-de-lys, 61, 73, 83, 92, 106, 192 Florissant, 166, 195 Foix, regiment of, 70, 74 Fontais, 61 Formidable (Fr.), 26, 61, 80, 166, 193 Forrest, regiment of, 74 Fortune (Fr.), 46, 197 Fortune (sloop, Eng.), 137 Foudroyant, 35, 37, 39, 52, 102, 106, 167, 194 Fougueux (Eng.), xiii Fouquet, 106, 193 Fowke, General, 6, 102, 122 Friponne, 87, 179, 188, 195 Fronsac, Due de, 141 HERCULE GALATEE, 83, 92, 106, 152, 193 Galissonniere, Marquis de la, 39, 42, 45, 47, 64, 73, 107, 117, 118, 129, 132, 137, 140, 144, 194, 201 Gayton, captain, 205 Geneva, letter from, 19 Genoa letters from, 18, 19, 21, 24, 26, 29, 30, 34, 40, 109, no, 114, 118, 126, 143, 144 Genoese ships, reported purchase by French, 26, 27, 30, 35» 37, 39, 42, 44> 47> 48 > 108 Gibraltar, letter from, 102 ; reported French objective, 23, 24, 26, 29, 30, 34, 40, 109, no, 114, 118, 126, 129, 143, 144 Givet, camp at, 66 Glandevez, 194 Glorieux, 166, 197 Gomain, 192 Gouttes, des, 106, 192 Gracieuse, 53, 102, 106, 194 Grafton, xiii Grammont, Comte de, 27, 31 Graphy, 193 Greyhound, 78, 105 Gu6briant, 61 Guerrier, 35, 39, 52, 102, 106 167, 194 HAGUE, letters from, 32, 63, 91, no, 127, 147, 150, 163, 176 Hampshire, 205 Hampton Court, 4 Hanoverian troops, 10, 188,198, 204 Harcourt, Due d’, 152 Hardi, 106, 166, 195 Hawke, Admiral Sir Edward, xv, xxxiii, 204-6, 212 Hector, 52, 102, 167, 196 Hercule, 35, 39, 52, 102, 167, 196 222 THE LOSS OF MINORCA HERMIONE Hermione (Fr.), 82, 90, 106, 188, 195 H6roine, 61, 83, 86, 89, 92, 152, 193 H6ros, 61, 80, 82, 166, 181, 192 Hervey, captain, 30, 42, 124 Hessian troops, 9, 198, 204 Hippopotame, 194 Hocquart, 61 Holburne, 10 House of Commons enquiry, xxvi—xxxi Hughes, 5 n. ILLUSTRE, 61, 76, 166, 169, 181, 192 Inflexible (Fr.), 61, 72, 87, 166, 175, 188, 192 Intrepid, 5, 6 Intr6pide, 166, 195 Invasion, reports of intended, 68, 77, 78, 81, 83, 85-87, 91, 105, 113, 142, 150, 153, 155- 7, i59-6i, 163-5, 168, 170, 174, 178, 181, 182, 185-7 Irish brigade, 83, 86, 88 Isle de France, regiment of, 74 JUNON, 46, 53, 102, 106, 194 Juste, 106, 166, 174, 188, 192 KINGSTON, 2 Keene, Sir Benjamin. See Madrid. LALLY, 152 ; regiment of, 69, 74 Lancaster, 2 Languedoc, regiment of dragoons of, 68 Leghorn, letters from, 36, 49, 50, 57, 120, 129, 135, 136, 137^45 Ldopard, 61, 76, 166, 169, 181, 192 Lichfield, xiii MINOTAURE Licorne, 106, 192 Linden, hussars of, 68 Lion (Fr.), 20, 35, 39, 52, 102, 106, 167, 194 Lizardais, de, 107, 195 Lochman, regiment of, 68 Lowendahl, regiment of, 74 Ludlow Castle, 4 Lys, 61, 63 MACARTHY, DE, 107, 195 Machault, 84 Macnemara, 60, 61, 62, 106, 185, 188, 192 Madrid, letters from, 28, 121, 174 Magnifique, 166, 195 Mahon, letters from, 5 Maillebois, 135, 138, ‘141 Mardyk, 65 Mariniere, 106, 192 Marquisan, 107, 194 Marscall, 107 Marseilles, letters from, 32, 100, in, 132 Marsillar, 39 Massiac, de, 39, 137 Mathews, Admiral Thomas, 207 Maurville, de, 106 Mecheim, 195 Mefame, 197 Mercier, 39, 194 Merville, 192, 195 Mesedern, 106, 193 Mesnil, du, 141, 157 Milite, 61 Milner, Consul at Barcelona. See Barcelona. Minerve, 53, 102, 197 Minorca, reported French objective, 34, 109, no, 112, 115-118, 120-122, 124, 126, 127, 129, 131, *33» *35» J 36, 138-141, 144-147, 161, 169, 186 Minotaure, 168, 196 INDEX 223 MIREPOIX Mirepoix, 109, 130, 146 Modeste, 168, 197 Moelien, 76 Montalais, 192 Montlouet, 61 Mony, de, 194 Morogues, de, 106 Motte, Du Bois dela, 61, 64, 67, 71, 76, 80, 151, 201 Mutine, 61, 106, 150, 152, 193 NAVARRE, regiment of, 68 Nead, de, 106 Nice, letters from, 28, 36, 38, 101 ; regiment of, 68 Noel, captain, 120 Northumberland (Fr.), 166, 196 Norwich, xiii Nottingham, xiii Nymphe (Fr.), 46, 53, 102, 106, 194 OCEAN, 53, 103, 167, 196 Ogilvie, regiment of, 69, 74 Oiseau, 53, 102, 197 Opiniatre, 61, 76, 166, 193 Orient, 197 Oriflamme, 53, 103, 196 Orleans, regiment of, 68; dragoons, 68 Orphee, 20, 35, 39, 53* IO3» Io6> 167, 194 Osborn, vice-admiral, 205 PALMIER, 80, 82, 84, 166, 169, 193 Patterson, General, 36, 40 Perdrix, 195 Perier de Sal vert, 61, 64, 73, 76, 81, 82, 84, 87, 89, 92, 105, 148-151, 154, 156, 159, 162, 164, 168, 169, 173, 176, 178, 201 P6rier fils, 106, 192 P£rigord, regiment of, 74 Phoenix, 124 RYSBANK Planta, regiment, 68 Pleiade, 194 Polish, royal regiment, 68 Pomone, 20, 53, 103, 106, 188, 195 Portes, Des, 106 Pretender, The, 68, 72, 84, 91, 153, 160, 180 Princess Louisa, 120 Privateers, French, in Protecteur, 168, 197 Proth6e, 106, 166, 192 Prudent, 87, 106, 148, 159, 166, 169, I74> J 94 QUELEN, lieutenant (Fr.), 193 RAIMOND d’eaux, 39, 107, 141, 194 Raisonnable, 166, 197 Ramillies, 2 Rastaing, 60 Redoutable, 35, 39, 52, 102, 106, 167, 194 Renan, de, 106 Repord, de, 106 Revenge, 2 Revest, du, 39, 107, 194 Rhinoceros, 82, 195 Richelieu, Marshal, ipo, 109, no, 113, 116, 119, 130, 141, 146, 147, 169 Richemont, camp at, 66, 67, 68, 7i Rigaudiere, de la, 106, 192 Robuste, 168, 196 Roche-Aymon, regiment of, 68 Rochemore, 39, 194 Rooth, regiment of, 69, 74 Roquefeuil, 106, 192 Rose, 20, 46, 53, 102, 106, 194 Rouergue, regiment of, 68^ Roux, Marquis, 41, 44 Royalle, 53, 102 Rysbank, battery, 64, 65 224 THE LOSS OF MINORCA SAAR SAAR, camp at, 69 Sabran, de, 39, 107, 194 Sage, 20, 35, 39, 106, 167, 194 St. Aignan, 39, 107, 194 St. Allouarn, 106, 192 St. Esprit, 20 St. Germain, 152 St. Lazare, 107, 193 St. Lucia, reported taken by French, 157, 158 St. Michel, 63, 67, 71, 166, 193 St. Omer, camp at, 64, 66, 69 Sambre, camp at, 68 Saumarez, captain, letter from, 176 Sauvage, 106, 152, 192 Sceptre, 196 Scipion, 166 Scotch, royal regiment, 69 Scrope, captain, 36, 40, 42, 50 Seamen, shortage of French, 31, 44, 47, 112-117, 129, 145, 146 Seychelles, de, 86, 155 Smith, Admiral Thomas, 78, 205 Soleil Royal, 105, 166, 192 Solitaire, 168, 196 Soubise, Prince de, 63-70, 152, 154, 156, 159, 162, 173, 182, 199 Souverain, 168, 197 Sphinx (Fr.), 70, 106, 167, 181, 192 Success, xiii Surprise, 197 Swedish ships, negociations for, 22, 48, 202 Sylphide, 197 T&M&RAIRE, 20, 52, 102, Io6, 167, 194 Thereau, 195 Thetis, 82, 83, 86, 89, 92, 106, 149, 152, 193 Tilbury, 4 Tilly, de, 106, 192 Tonnant, 105, 151, 166, 192 ZOUCHE Topaze, 46, 53, 102, 106, 194 Torbay, 206 Toulon, preparations at, 17-58, 99-147 Tourville, 192 Townshend, rear-admiral, 205 Trddern, de, 107, 193 Treville, de, 107 Trident, 2 Triton, 35, 39, 52, 102, 106, 167, 194 Troops quartered in North France, 148, 149 Turin, letters from, 25, 26, 29, 30, 36, 41, 45, 47, 55, 57, IOI, 113, 119, 131, 146, 2OI Turpin, hussars of, 68 VAILLANT, 52, 102, 167, 197 Valence, camp at, 68 Valeur, 106, 194 Vandert, de, 193 Vaudreuil, de, 195 Vengeur, 108, 197 Verger, du, 192 Vernon, captain, letter from, 180 Vestale, 196 Vienne, de, 106, 192 Vilarzel, de, 107 Villa Franca, letters from, 36, 40, 42, 50, 52, 55 Villettes. See Bern. WEST, Admiral Temple, xiii, 6 n., ii Western squadron, xxxv, xliii n., 94-98 Whitwell, captain, letter from, 170 Windsor, 205 YOUNG, captain, 5 n. Z&PHIR, 87, 106, 169, 174, 194 Zodiaque, 168 Zouche, la, 194

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About Herbert Richmond

Sir Herbert Richmond was described as “perhaps the most brilliant naval officer of his generation” who became a naval historian, known as “the British Mahan”. He led the Royal Navy’s intellectual revolution that stressed continuing education, especially in naval history, as essential for an understanding of naval strategy. He acted as a “Gadfly” to the Admiralty, and his criticisms caused him to be denied the role in the formation of policy and the reform of naval education which his abilities warranted.

He was born 15 September 1871, joining the Royal Navy as a cadet in 1885, developing a serious interest in naval history while serving between 1897 and 1900, turning himself into a first-rate historian without formal university education. After serving as assistant to Jackie Fisher, he was inspired by the work of Julian Corbett and began archival research on the naval aspects of the war of Austrian Succession, which he completed in 1914, but could not be published before 1920 due to the war. In 1912 he founded The Naval Review in order to promote innovative thought throughout the Royal Navy. After command of HMS Deadnought he served at the Admiralty as assistant director of operations, running up against Winston Churchill, the First Lord, and Sir John Jellicoe, C-in-C Grand Fleet . After a spell attached to the Italian fleet he returned to the Grand Fleet when Beatty became C-in-C, and finally became director of staff duties at the Admiralty. He had a number of flag appointments after the war ending as Commandant of the Imperial Defence College, retiring from the Royal Navy in 1931.

He was appointed Vere Harmsworth Professor of Imperial and Naval History at Cambridge University, a chair he held from 1934 to 1936. In 1934 he was also elected Master of Downing College, a post he held until his death in 1946. He delivered the Ford Lectures at Oxford University in 1943.

His publications include
• Papers relating to the Loss of Monorca in 1756 (Navy Records Society, 1913).
• The Navy in the War of 1739-48 (C.U.P., 1920).
• Private Papers of George, Second Earl Spencer, First Lord of the Admiralty, 1794-1801, Volume III (Navy Records Society, 1924).
• Private Papers of George, Second Earl Spencer, First Lord of the Admiralty, 1794-1801, Volume IV (Navy Records Society, 1924).
• Command and Discipline (Edward Stanford, 1927).
• National Policy and Naval Strength and Other Essays (Longman, 1928).
• Naval Warfare (William Hodge, 1930).
• The Navy in India 1763-1783 (Ernest Benn, 1931).
• Economy and Naval Security: A Plea for the Examination of the Problem of the Reduction in the Cost of Naval Armaments on the Lines of Strategy and Policy (Ernest Benn, 1931).
• Imperial Defence and Capture at Sea in War (Hutchinson, 1932).
• Sea Power in the Modern World (G Bell, 1934).
• Statesmen and Seapower. The Ford Lectures (Clarendon Press, 1946).

Also see:
• Admiral Sir Herbert Richmond by George Macaulay Trevelian (C.U.P., 1946).
• Portrait of an Admiral: The Life and Papers of Admiral Sir Herbert Richmond by Arthur Marder (O.U.P., 1952)
• Mahan is not Enough: The Proceedings of a Conference on the Works of Sir Julian Corbett and Admiral Sir Herbert Richmond, edited by James Goldrick and John Hattendorf (Naval War College Press, 1993)

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Papers relating to the Loss of Minorca, 1756

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