A selection from the papers of the commander in chief of the Mediterranean station, Sir Edward Codrington, which shows the British government’s determined policy following on from the bombardment of Algiers to try to end attacks on trade in that sea.
The target on this occasion was ‘privateers’ operating out of the impoverished Aegean islands whose inhabitants had long used these methods to sustain their economies and who were exploiting the opportunities created by the Greek war of independence from the Turks to do so. Codrington tackled the problem in two ways – by bringing pressure on the Greek provisional government and on local authorities to control their own subjects and by direct action where they failed to act.
This volume reproduces the reports of the frigate and sloop captains who carried out this task, culminating in the destruction of the pirate fleet and military occupation of their stronghold at Grabusa, Crete, where the frigate Cambrian was wrecked on a rock at the harbour entrance. These operations are a striking example of the enforcement of the Pax Britannica on an unwilling population.
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INDEX Ships, etc., mentioned in the List of Piracies (Appendix II) are not included in this index. ACHMET AGA ACHMETAGA( Alexandria), 125- 126 Adam, Sir Frederick (Ionian Islands), xxviii, 70-71, 71 n., 80, 82, 86, 118, 162; letter to Hamilton (Grabusa), 71 Admiralty, letters to Codrington (convoys), 196; (detention of Greek vessels), 237 Adratchan, Cape, 216 Albanians at Hydra, 21 n., 272-3 ; Greek expedition to Albania, 234, 294 Alexandria, xxvi-xxvii, 95, 96, 99, 121-7, l65> iQO, 194, 195, 281 ; Cochrane’s attack on, 293 ; orders to S.N.O., 153-5 Algiers, 189 Ali Mamek of Naupacto, 82 Ali of Yaninna, ix Allied Admirals, letter to Greeks, 234 Americans, convoy by, 18, 190, 210 Amorgo, 181 Anargiro (Spezziote pirate), 72 Anastasius (Hydriote pirate), 100 Andros, 33 et seq., 75, 89, 90, 166, 205, 207, 273 Andruccio, C. (Greek captain), 129 Anson, Comdr. the Hon. W. (Brisk), 18, 19 n., 87 BALNEAVIS Anti-Psara, 87 Anti-Milo, 183 Antoniades, E. (Grabusa), 141, 141 n., 144 Antonos (Hydriote bandit), 161 Archipelago, or ‘ Arches/ xvixvii; ships employed in, March 1827, 89 Argentiera, 85 Arpa, A. (Malta), 297, 303, 304, 305 ; letters to Codrington, 303 Arpa, Luigi, letter to Codrington, 297 Arramis, H. (Syriote), 161 Athens, siege by Greeks, x ; Cochrane and Church at, 292 Attard, D. (Maltese seaman), 99, 102 Austrians: attitude towards Greeks, 130 n.; bombardment of Spezzia, xxiii, 130 et seq. ; vessel plundered, 64, 72 ; convoy by, 195 Axioti, C. (Greek Prize Court), 128 BAILLI, Dr., 92, 92 n. Balastos, D. (Grabusa), 244 Balleny Cunningham & Co. (Smyrna), 174 Balneavis, Col. (Malta Police), 301, 302 ; letter to Dyer, 303 3 i2 PIRACY IN THE LEVANT, 1827-28 BARBA NICHOLA Barba Nichola, 142 Barbary States, xxv Barker, J. (British Consul, Alexandria), 96, 96 n. Barr, N. (Levant merchant), 201 Barrow, Sir J. (Admiralty), 196, 196 n., 238 Bathurst, Col. (Malta), 300, 301 Battersby, E. (mate, R.N.), 168, 168 n., 210 Baynes, Mr., 257 Belligerent rights, 5 Bennett, J. (Lloyds), 197 Beyrout, 153 Biciaki (Candiote pirate), 176- 178, 180, 181 Birkett, W. (British master), 198, 200 Bishop of Syra, letter to Sotheby, 158 Bizzano, M. (Ionian master), 122 Black, W. (surgeon, R.N.), opinion of Greek seamen, 275-8 Blancio, L. M., see Bishop of Syra Blockade, S. Canning’s remarks, 5 et seq. ; blockade of Candia, 67 ; Codrington’s views, 117 et seq. Boddington, G. (Smyrna), 183, ‘ 187, 188 Bogaso, 205 Bombardments: threat to bombard Scardamoula, 50; Pelican at Scardamoula, 113 et seq. ; Austrians at Spezzia, xxiii, 130 et seq. Borrell, H. P. (Smyrna), 174 Bosulier (merchant), 141, 142 Bourchier, Lady (Memoir of Sir Edward Codrington), vii Bozzaris (Suliote chief), xiii Brace, Comdr. F. (Mastiff), 94, 94 n. ; letter to Maude, 96 ; remarks on piracy, 97-8 CARABUSA Brasi, C. (pirate), 206 Bridgeman, Capt. the Hon. C. O. (Rattlesnake), 247, 247 n., 255 Briggs & Co. (Levant merchants), 201 Brooman (mate, R.N.), 40 Broster (supercargo), 184, 187, 188 Brown, Col. (Rifles), 301 Browning, B. (surgeon, R.N.), 300 Bucuna, G. (Mainiote pirate), 73 Budrum (Bodrun), battle of, xiii, xviii, 275-8 Burrough, Lieut. J., 299, 299 n. CALAEZACHI, P. (Spazziote pirate), 72 Calamo, 77 Calavritino, S. (pirate), in Calimeri, D. (Psariote pirate), 206 Callondes, M. (Grabusa), 241, 244 Caminarachi, M. (Grabusan pirate), 73 Candia (Crete), xxiii, xxvii, 67, 91, 96, 97, 98, 99, 101, 190-4, 204, 226 n., 242-3, 249, 256 ; letter of Congress of Candia to Staines, 240 Canea, 67, 72, 263 Canning, G. (Prime Minister), 2 n., 103 n., 176 Canning, S. (Ambassador), xviii, i n., 65, 69, 70, 81, 84, 86; letter to G. Canning, i ; letter to Hamilton (lonians), 61 ; Grabusa, 67 Cansdell, B. (master, R.N.), 300 Capo d’lstria (President of Greece), xxxii, 85 n., 245, 248, 251, 251 n., 258, 259, 261, 265, 267, 279, 294 Carabusa, see Grabusa INDEX 313 CARTWRIGHT Cartwright, J. (Consul-General Constantinople), letter to Hamilton (piracy at Stavros), 137 Case (carpenter, R.N.), 78 Cassimati, G., letter to Macphail (affairs at Cerigotto), 73 ; to Staines (pirates at Grabusa), 260 Casso, 97, 178, 182, 260 Castle, The Island, 128 n. ; The Castles, 21 Castri, 17, 23, 67, 85, 85 n. Cataceli, 53 Cazzalos, D. (Ionian master), 140 Cephalonia, xxvi n., 202 Cerigo, xxvi n., 60, 64, 70, 71, 86, 88, 91, 97, 98, 101, 119, 146, 164, 172, 201, 208, 260 Cerigo Channel, xxvii Cerigotto, xxvi n., 63, 64; outrage at, 71-4, 91, 99, 194, 208 Cervi, 198, 201 Chalmers, H. (seaman), 187 Charnaud, J. (Acting-Consul Salonica), 137 ; letter to Cartwright (piracy at Stavros), 138 Chesme, 173, 210, 211, 213 Chichi, C. (Secretary to Murzino), 42 Chios, massacre, x; Kanaris at, xi, 121, 123, 124, 146, 172, 226 n., 232, 234, 253, 256, 257, 292 n., 294 Christobulides (Grabusa), 260 Church, Sir R. (Greek service), 23 n., 292, 292 n. Cipriotti (Mainiote pirate), 57, 78, 163 Civiaco, T. (Hydriote captain), 215 Clarence, H.R.H. Duke of, memorial to, 200, 269 Clarenza, 279 Clifford, Capt., 32 COOKE Coccocci, N. (pirate), xxi, 46-50 Cochrane, Lord, xxvii, 117-8, 121-2, 143, 155, 176; opinion of Greek seamen, 278 et seq. ; service with Greeks, 291 et seq. ; his squadron, 291 ; attempt at Athens, 292 ; attack on Alexandria, 293 ; departure from Greece, 294 Codrington, Sir Edward, viiviii, vii n., xxv, xxvii-xxxiii; opinion of Werry, 84 n., 295; letter to S. Canning (Pelican and Turkish bovo), 81; letters to Greek Government (opinion of Cochrane), 117; (complaints and protests), 162, 217, 223 ; to Greek legislative body, 225, 264 ; to Mavrocordato, 175 ; to Capo d’lstria, 266 ; to Admiralty, 269 Coletti (Greek politician), 84 n. Coliva, L. (Ionian master), 177- 181 Ceilings, H. J. (clerk, R.N.), 301 Colocotroni, T. (Greek General), xi, xiii, xx, 23 n., 84, 84 n. ; letter to Hamilton, 23 Colonna, Cape, 270 Communications, xxvi-xxvii, 18-20, 210-11 Condriotti, G., 15 n., 24 Condriotti, L. (Hydriote), 15, 15 n., 17, 29, 31, 84 n., 85 Constantinople, x, xvi, xxvi, 18, 20, 37, 86, 99, 137 n., 168, 195, 198, 210, 211, 212 Contessa, Gulf of, piracy in, 137-8 Contraband, 13, 46 Convoys, xxvi, 18-20, 89, 164- S i67, 213 ; by foreign men-ofwar, 18, 99, 166-7, I 9°» T 98, 200, 210; refused, 153, 196, 198; complaints, xxxii, 197 et seq. Cooke (boatswain, R.N.), 300 314 PIRACY IN THE LEVANT, 1827-28 CO-OPERATION Co-operation between British and French, xxvii, xxxi, 69, go, 174; at Grabusa, 246 et seq. Cordia, P. (Mykoni), 203; letter to Werry, 205 Corfu, xxvi n., xxvii, xxviii, 80, 81, 113, 159, 281 Coriati, N. (Naxiote pirate), 206 Corinth, Gulf of, xxvii, 117, 135, 220 Cormack (purser, R.N.), 302 Corner, C., 121 Coron, 58 Cos, 275 Cotton, Comdr. Charles (Camelion), 32, 32 n., 247 ; letters to Hamilton (encounter with pirates), 33, 59, 75, i*9, 129 n. ; letter to Codrington (Samos), 149; correspondence with Samiotes, 150-2 Coumbe, 273 Courghi, J. (Spezziote captain), 132 Craddock (Major), 168 Crete, see Candia Cretovoludes, C. (Congress of Candia), 244 Criesci, D. (Hydriote), 24 Crio, Cape, 192 Croker, J. W. (Secretary to Admiralty), 197 n. Crorudiotis, G. and D. (Hydriote bandits), 161 Crosbie, T. S. (Greek service), 258, 261, 261 n. Crummer, Capt. T., 77 Curtis, Capt. T., 104 DALLING, Comdr. J. W. (Raleigh), 211, 211 n. Danbury, J. T. (Levant merchant), 201 Dandolo (Austrian Admiral), xxiii, 130 et seq. d’Anna, D.(Psariote pirate), 206 DIMITROCOPULO Danube Provinces, revolt of, ix Dardanelles, xxiii, xxvi, 18, 20, 105, 210, 211, 212 Davies, Comdr. L. (Rose), 15 n., 87; letters to Codrington (action off Samothraki), 105 ; (arrest of Greek cruisers), 216 Dazieri, B. (Naxiote), 179 de Guillamiont (French Ambassador), 61 n. de Joyeuse, Dr. T., 63-4 de Rheineck, B. (Secretary to Greek Government), xix; letter to Hamilton, 7 de Rigny, H. (French RearAdmiral), xxviii, 60, 60 n., 61, 65, 69, 70, 90 ; letter to Hamilton, 90; letter to Greek Government, 227 Delighianni, A. (Moreote Deputy), 14 Demands for surrender of noted pirates or restoration of plunder, xx et seq. ; (Hamilton to Hydrates), 21-31 ; (Irby at Scardamoula), 39-52, 114-6; (Williams at Scardamoula), 52-9; (Cotton at Samos), 149-52 Demetrio, A. (Ionian seaman), 125 Dervanaki Pass, battle of, xi Destruction of pirate vessels : by Cambrian (1823-27), 270- 273 ; by Camelion, 33-8, 59- 60, 119-20; by French squadron, 90 ; by Gannet, 96-7 ; by Jasper, 165 ; by Parthian, 207-9 ; by Rose, 105-9 ; by Zebra, 93 di Teofilo, T. (Hydriote), 24 Diaconaji, D. (Psariote pirate), 206 Dickson, Lieut. Sir W., 211, 211 n. Dimitri, J. (pirate), 112 Dimitrocopulo, P. (^Egian Deputy), 14 INDEX 315 DJIMOVA Djimova, 48-49 Doro, Cape, 90, 91, 116 ; Channel, 34, 66, 75, 76, 89, 93, 272 Downes, T. N. (mate, R.N.), 296, 298, 299, 305, 309 Dramali (Turkish General), xi Drogaza, D. (Ionian master), 140 Duira, L. (pirate), 112 Duncan, Lieut. A. C., 146 n. ; letter to Codrington (convoy), 164 Dusanti, L. (pirate), 113 Dyer (Codrington’s secretary), 303 EDGELL, H. E. (midshipman), 299, 299 n., 309 Egina, xxvi, 67, 84 n., 85, 91, 92, 154, 226, 228, 249, 271 Egypt, Anti-British feeling, xxvii, 94 ; orders to S.N.O., Alexandria, 154-5 Egyptians, invasion of Morea, xiii-xiv, xxxi; navy, 226, 276 et seq. Elliot, Mr., 211 Enos, 121, 124, 125 Ephori of Sparta, 39 ; correspondence with Irby, 42-9 Epidaurus (Assembly of), 85, 175 n. Estridge, H. (midshipman), 298, 302, 305, 306, 307 FABVIER, Col. (Greek service), 226 n., 292, 292 n. Fagioli, N. (outlaw), 158 et seq. Faro, The, 233 Fasulecs, A. (Congress of Candia), 244 Fenton & Co. (Smyrna), 174 Fitzclarence, Capt. A. (Ariadne), 38 n., 113 ; letters to Neale, 38 ; (Pelican’s action), 76 Flogaiti, N. (Greek Prize Tribunal), 128 GOSSE Focca, A. (Ionian master), 140 Forbes, T. G. (midshipman), 296, 298, 299, 305, 308 Fouges, 21, 60 Francesco (Hydriote pirate), 100 Francopulo, L. (Ionian master), petition, 156 Franel & Jackson (Smyrna), 174 Frangopulo, N. (Consul at Naxos), 176 ; letter to Werry, 177 French operations against pirates, xxvii, 90; at Grabusa, 246 et seq. ; policy in Greece, 85 Fruit ships, protection, 168,172, 173 etseq., 213 GALLANI (Maltese Police), 298, 305 Gathronisi, 270 Gavrion, 91 George (Andriote pirate), 210 Ghica (Hydriote pirate), 156 Ghika, M. (merchant), 124 et seq. Ghioni, T. (Hydriote pirate), 16, 29, 31 Gibbens, W. (British master), 198 Gilpin, W. C. (Admiralty Secretary, Ionian Islands), 72 Giorgio, N. (Congress of Candia), 244, 260 Giorgio, N. V. (Hydriote), 24 Giradi (Russian Consul), 176, 177, 178 Glaraki, G. (Secretary to Greek Government), 218, 264 (for letters, see Greek Government) Glava, D. (merchant), 124 et seq. Gosse, Dr. L. A. (Greek service), 120 n., 121, 123 3i6 PIRACY IN THE LEVANT, 1827-28 GOUT BROTHERS Gout brothers (Smyrna), 174 Gozo di Candia, 94, 96, 192 Grabusa, xxiii, xxxi, 61 n. ; complaints about, 64-73, 91, 98, 100, 195, 203, 204, 208, 233 ; occupation of, 245-68 Grant, Lieut. D. F., 78, 78 n. Greek : attitude towards piracy, xvii, 21-7 Codrington’s opinion of, xxvii Government, letters to Allied Admirals (petition), 235 ; to S. Canning (bombardment of Spezzia), 131, 134 ; to Codrington (excuses), 219, 221; (petitions), 129, 222 ; to de Rigny (excuses), 230; to Hamilton (proclamation), ii measures against pirates, 7- 13, H4 naval forces, etc., action at Budrum, xiii, xviii, 275-9 ; action at Chios, xi; action in Gulf of Corinth, 220, 220 n. ; character of seamen, xviii, 4, 278 ; Cochrane’s operations, 120-2, 291-4; cruising prohibited, etc., 218, 229, 234, 238-40 ; leaders, 21 n.; piracy by, 216 Prize Tribunal, 3-4; condemnation by, 123-7 Revolt and Party quarrels, ix et seq., xxviii, 84, 85 n. 128 n., 292 ; attitude of the Powers, xiv-xvi, 130 n. Greene (midshipman), 299 Gregorachi, D. (Mainiote), 47 Gregorio (Grabusa pirate), 260 Greville, C. C., 240 Grey, the Hon. G. (midshipman), 300, 300 n., 301 Grissiotti (pirate), 76, 272 Grivas (Greek captain), 128 n. Gunava, 53 HOTHAM HAINES, Col. (Governor, Grabusa), 267 Hali (? Halij), J. (Greek captain), 249, 254 Hall, Lieut. J., 33 et seq., 33 n., 119 Hamilton, Capt. G. W. (Cambrian), xix-xx, xxvi, xxvii, 6, 6 n., 19, 20, 51, 58, 81, 117, 129, I37> 139, 140, 153, 154. *56, 159, 160, 203, 219, 222, 226, 246, 255, 273, 281 ; Codrington’s opinion, 269; letters to S. Canning (lonians), 63; (Grabusa), 68 ; Colocotroni, 23; to Davies, 15; to de Rigny, 66; to Greek Government, 69 ; to Hydriotes, 21, 27 ; to Neale, 6, 32, 52, 60, 67, 73 ; situation, March 1827, 84 ; return of ships, 89; French proposals, 90, 92 Hankey, Sir F. (Secretary, Malta), 103 n. ; letter to Codrington (piracy trials), 103 Hannah, J. (master), statement of piracy, 194 et seq. Harvey, H. J. (midshipman), 301, 301 n. Hastings, F. A. (Greek service), 220, 220 n., 225, 226 Hayes & Clarke (Levant merchants), 201 Hayes & La Fontaine (Smyrna), 174 Hayes, S. (Smyrna), 174 Heath (2nd master, R.N.), 300, 308 Hetairia Philike, xii Heyden (Russian Rear-Admiral), 294 Hotham, Cdr. Hon. G. F. (Parthian), 207 n. ; letter to Codrington (destruction of pirate vessel), 207 ; letter to Codrington (trial at Malta), 301 INDEX 317 HUNTER AND ROSS Hunter & Ross (Malta), letter to Lloyds (convoys), 197 Huntley, Lieut. H. V., 208, 208 n., 302 Hydra, xx, xxi, 15 n., 16, 17, 21 n., 21-31, 165, 217-8, 220, 222, 223, 228, 229, 234, 270, 273. 293 Hydriote seamen, 21 n., 215 Hydriotes and pirates, xx, 21- 31, 100, l6l, 165, 2l8, 221, 224 IBRAHIM PASHA, xiv, 88, 226 Imbros, 105 Ingestrie, Comdr. Lord (Philomel), 18, 20, 20 n., 119 Ionian Islands, xxvi, xxvi n., xxvii lonians, Codrington’s opinion, xxviii; implicated in piracy, 46, 62-4, 62 n., 87-8, 97, 122-8, 158 et seq., 177-80; petitions from masters, 139, 156 ; vessels plundered, xxi, 47 et seq., 116, 138-40, 151-2, 156, 205 Irby, Hon. C. L., Comdr. (Pelican), xxi et seq., 38, 39 n.; at Scardamoula, 39- 51, 114-16; action with Turkish vessel, 77-83 ; letters to Codrington, 79, 113 ; to Ephori of Sparta, 42-51 ; to Fitzclarence, 39, 77, 114 Irvine (surgeon, R.N.), 299 Ismail (Turk), 125 JACKSON, J. (British master), remarks about convoys, 202 Jali, 91 Joanno, P. (Congress of Candia), 244 Johannides, A. (Congress of Candia), 244 Jolly, T. C. (Smyrna), 187 LONG ISLAND KALAMATA, 226 Kales, V. (Congress of Candia), 244 Kanaris, C. (Greek seaman), xi, 21 n. Kanirlea, C. (pirate), 112 Kerr, Black & Fisher (Smyrna), 153-74 Kitries, xxi, 39, 53, 114, 116 Kiparisi, S. (Greek Prize Tribunal), 128 Kopa, G. & D. (Greek Prize Tribunal), 128 LACHANI, C. (Samiote pirate), 150 Lafond, 140 La Fontaine (Smyrna), 174 Lambessi, G. (Greek captain), 221, 224 Lambros, C. (Spezziote captain), 121 et seq. Lampseon, Y. (Spezziote captain), 133 Langtry (midshipman), 300, 309 Larandito (Ionian pirate), 64 Larissa, siege of, xi Lascari, D. (Naxiote), 179-81 Lathy, J. T. (purser, R.N.), 300 Le Blanc, 230 Lee & Sons (Smyrna), 174 Lefteri, J. (pirate), 112 Leghorn, 146, 199 Lepanto, Gulf of, 226, 228, 234 Levy & Sons (Levant merchants), 201 Liddell, J. (Malta), letter to Dyer, 303 Liviti, 99 Llewellyn & Co. (Smyrna), 174 Lloyds, letter to Admiralty (convoys), 197 Logoliti (?), 152 Logothethi (Consul), 44 Long Island, 93 3i8 PIRACY IN THE LEVANT, 1827-28 LONGRIDGE Longridge, J. (British master), 140 ; letter to Werry (piracy of Elizabeth), 141 Lumachi, D. (Psariste pirate), 206 Lyons, Lieut. M., 106, 106 n., 107, 108 MACKENZIE (Malta), 304, 306, 307, 309 Macphail, Major J. (Cerigo), 60, 60 n., 63, 70; letter to Hamilton (piracy by Ionian), 63 ; letter to Gilpin (disturbance at Cerigotto), 72 Macri, 106 Mahomet Pasha, x Maina, xiii, 70, 72, 163 Mainiotes pirates, xxi-xxii, xxvii, 39-57* H4-1 ?. 163 Maioulis, A. (Greek seaman), xiii, xxxii, 22 n., 278 Maitland, Sir Thomas (Ionian Islands), 16, 16 n. Majorca, 164 Malea, Cape (C. St. Angelo), 91, 119, 129 Malta, xxiii, xxiv, xxvi, xxvii, xxviii, xxxii, xxxiii, 79, 89, 95, *53> X 55» l64, 166, 167, 189, 207, 210, 211, 222, 226, 257, 263, 264, 267; complaints about convoys from, 197-202 ; piracy off, 232-3 ; piracy trials, 109-13; riot ashore, 296-310 Maltese murdered by pirates, 85; vessel plundered, 99-103 Mandri, 91, 272 Mann, A. T. (midshipman), 32, 33, 33 n., 35, 3^ Marino, S. and N. (Psariote pirates), 207 Maritimo, 223, 226 Marseilles, 292, 294 Martin, Commander H. B., 207, 207 n. MICHALIS Martin, V. (British master), xxxii, 198 Maruchi, N. (Psariote pirate), 206 Massie, T. L. (mate, R.N.), 107, 107 n., 108 Matala, Cape, 96 Matapan, Cape, 53, 66, 99, 119, 168 Matlass, J. (Smyrna), 174 Matlass, W. (Levant merchant), 201 Maude, Capt. the Hon. J. A. (Glasgow), 94 n. ; letter to Codrington, 94, 153 Mavrocordato (Prince Alexander), xi, xii, xxxii, 15 n., 175 n., 248, 255 Mavrocordato, S. (Greek Prize Tribunal), 128 Mavromati, Z. (Psariote pirate), 207 Mavromicali, G. (Scardamoula), letters to Irby, 42-9; to Williams, 58 Mavromicali, G. di C., 47 Mavromicali, P. (Bey of Maina), xiii, 14, 14 n. Mediterranean Squadron, xxivxxvii, xxv n. Meger (Consul-General in Albania), 82 Mehemet Ali, xiii Meliorate, J. (Symi), 143, 144 Merchants, petition for protection of fruit ships, 173 ; complaints about convoy, 200 Mermeleca (pirate), 206 Messina, 170, 171, 183 Metatopolo, M. (Greek Prize Tribunal), 128 Miaoulis, A. (Greek admiral), xiii, xxxii, 22 n., 254, 258, 278 Micalechi, T. (Mainiote), 47 Michalis, H. (Greek captain), 249 INDEX 319 MICHELL Michell, Comdr. F. T. (Rifleman), 144 n. ; letters to Codrington, 145, 214 Miller & Werry (Levant merchants), 201 Milo, xxviii, 59, 91, 149, 153, 166, 185, 189, 190, 199 Ministry, change of, 103 n. Missolonghi, xi, 79, 278 Mitchell, W. (mate, R.N.), 268 Mitchell (pilot), 38 Modon, xiv, 58, 63, 88, 114 Moneypenny, W. B. (midshipman), 298, 301 Morachi, S. (Ionianmaster), 123 Morea, revolt, ix; Egyptian invasion, xiv, xv, xxxvi, 293 Murzino, D. (Mainiote), 42 et seq., 115, 116 Mussu, L. (pirate), 104, no, 112 Mustapha Pasha (Candia),243 n. Mykoni, 87, 203; affairs at, 205 et seq., 271 NAPOLI DI ROMANIA (Nauplia), xxviii, 55, 57, 58, 121, 122, 128 n., 132, 147, 148, 158, 159, 160, 194, 227, 228 Naupacto, 82 Navarino, viii; effect of battle, xvi, xxx-xxxi, 58, 227, 280 Naxos, 91, 176 ; affairs at, 177 et seq. Neale, Vice-Admiral Sir H., xxviii, 6 n.; orders to S.N.O. Alexandria, 154, 155 Neutrals, treatment by Greeks, 4 Nicaria, 271 Nicholas I, accession, xvi Nicholls Goodwyn & Co. (Levant merchants), 201 Nicholson, Capt. (U.S.N.), 18 Nicolaidi, P., 222 Nika, A. (Syriote), 158 Nisiri, 98 PIRACY OAKE, Lieut. J., 53, 53 n., 54, 56 Odessa, 99, 164 Oeta, Battle of Mount, x Omar Vrioni (Turkish general), x, xi Orces, 270 Order in Council, suppression of Greek cruisers, xxx, 238 Orfano, 137, 140 Orlando (Hydriote), 29, 29 n. Orlando, C. (Syriote), 158 Ourlac, 167 Oxia, 77 PANADERIA, P. (Psariote pirate), 206 Parker, Capt. W. B. (Warspite), xxxii, 251, 252 n., 254, 258 ; letters to Codrington (Grabusa), 255, 256 ; to Staines, 252 Paros, 91 Pasqualigo (Vice-Consul, Kitries), 39, 40, 114, 115, 116 Passaro, Cape, 233 Patmos, 98, 205, 276 Patras,Gulf of, 133,135, 225,226 Patrols, suggested, 172 Pauna, A. (Ionian master), 123 Paxo, xxvi n., 114 Pelham, Hon. D. (midshipman), 300, 300 n., 301 Pelham, Hon. F. (midshipman), 302, 302 n., 307 Pelos, 91 Peraches, M. (Congress of Candia), 244, 260, 260 n. Peta, Greek defeat, xi Petala, 77 Petuladi, 116 Phanariot party, xii, 84 n. Phillips (midshipman), 299 Piracy : General:—Canning’s views, i et seq. ; causes, xvii et seq. ; de Rigny’s views, 90-2; decline of, xxxii; Greek attitude, xvii, 7 et seq. t 21— 320 PIRACY I1V THE LEVA1VT, 1827-28 PIRACY Piracy (continued) :- 27; Hamilton’s views, 85 et seq.; Ionians concerned, 62-4, 87-8, 97, 18o; trials at Malta, 104, 109-113 Examples :-Elizabeth, 141- 143; John, 188-90 ; Nancy, 194-6 ; Robert, 183-8; Superba, 99-103; Symmetry, 190-4 Reports of piratical activity :-Brace’s report, 97; from Grabusa, 64-74, 260- 261; off Malta, 232-3; at Mykoni, 2°5-7; at Naxos, 177-82; by regular cruisers, 216; at Samos, 147-52; at Stavros, 138-4°; at Tenedos, 215 Repressive measures: – by Allied Admirals, 234; by Greeks, 7-13; by Order in Council, 238 See also Destruction of pirate vessels, Grabusa, etc. Piskopi, 98 Ponsonby, Sir F. (Governor of Malta), 109 n.; letters to Codrington (trials), 109 ; (piracy off Malta), 232 Pooke (midshipman), 299 Poros, xxvi, 15-17, 19, 87, 128 n., 154, 165, 257, 292, 293, 295 Port Colonna, 152 Port Gabriel, 34, 37 Portelli (Dr.), Malta, 298 Posodarro, 47 Pothetas, A. (Candiote), 244 Prevesa, 79, 80, 135 . Price, Lieut. J., riot at Malta, 296 et seq. Primates of Hydra, correspondence with Hamilton (surrender of Theophile), 24-9 Primates of Spezzia, letter to Greek Government (bombardment by Austrians), 132 SAINTHILL Primates of Syra, letter to Vitale (complaints of robbery), 157 Privateers, xviii-xix Prize Tribunal, character, 3-4; condemnation by, 123-7 Proclamation against piracy, II Prodanov yr Protest by masters at Malta, 198 Prowse, Comdr. W. J., 247, 247 n., 268 Psara, 21 n., 278 Psariote pirates, 206-7 Psicha, G. (Syriote), 158 QUERTIAUX (Consul-General), 176 RAMSBOTTOM & Co. (merchants), 170 Rees, G. (British master), 215 Renton, J. (British master), I 16-7; protest by, 188 et seq. Reschid Pasha (Turkish general), 292 Rhodes, 91, 97, 140, 143, 145, 146 Richardson (asst. master, R.N.), 2g8, 300, 305, 308 Rickardo (Maltese), 304 Robins (midshipman), 300, 309 Radius (Secretary to Greek Government), 118 Rooke, Comdr. L. C. (Jasper), 211, 211 n. Ruppi, G. (pirate), 260 Russia, policy in Mediterranean, xv Russian brig plundered, 147 et seq. SACHTOURIS (Hydriote seaman), 21 n. Sainthill, Lieut. G. A., 268, 268 n. INDEX 321 ST. ANGELO St. Angelo, Cape, see Malea St. Asaph, Lord, 80-81, 270 Salamis, 92 ; (?) Salamina, 234 Salonica, 137, 139 Salt (Consul-General for Egypt), 96 n., 155 Samoli, G. (pirate), 206 Samos, 98, 146-52 Samothraki, destruction of pirate vessels, 105-9 Santa Maura, xxvi n. Sapienza, 117 Saverio, M. (Malta), 297 et seq. Savory, 301 Scandali, G. (pirate), 260 Scardamoula, xxi et seq. ; Pelican at, 39-51 ; Zebra at, 52-59; bombardment, 114-16 Scarpanto, 91, 96 Schiatito (pirate), 206 Schubret, 86 Sconce, R. C. (Neale’s Secre-. tary), 155 Scopelo, xxiii, 90, 138 Scordos, G. andN. (bandits), 161 Scropho, 77 Sepanto, 183 Serpho, 60, 164, 183, 184, 189, 195 Service, J. (British master), 198 Ships (British men-of-war are indicated by guns) : Achilles (Greek), trial of crews, 112 ; request for liberation, 222 Alacrity (10), xxv, 27, 36, 120, 271 Albion (74), xxv Andrea Barberi (pirate vessel), 205 Ann and Amelia (transport), 267 Aphrodite (pirate vessel), 41 Argo (Greek), 16 Ariadne (26), xxv, 80 Armide (French), 91 Asia (84), xxv, xxviii, 208, 225, 226 n. SHIPS Ships (continued) :— Aspasia (Greek), request for release, 129 Athena (Greek), arrest of, 216-7 Aurora (British), 197 Bachirina (pirate vessel), 260 Bellona (Austrian), 134 BricScunda (pirate vessel), 260 Brisk (10), xxv, 18, 89, 246, 256, 258, 273, 296 Calypso (Greek), arrest of, 165, 215 Cambrian (48), xxv, xxix, xxxi, 19, 35, 36, 89, 112, 154; loss of, 246-7, 251, 255, 269, 270-3, 281 Camelion (10), xxv, 18, 19; action off Andros, 33- 38, 61 ; action off Port Gabriel, 75-76, 89 ; action off Matapan, 119- 120, 129 n. ; at Samos, 147-52; atGrabusa, 246, 249, 251, 252, 255, 268 Cato (transport), 207 Chanticleer (10), xxv, 89, 276 Chryssina (pirate vessel), 260 Comet (British), 164 Cuirassier (French), 99 Cyprus (Greek), arrest of, 216-7 Dartmouth (42), xxv, 225, 226 n., 296, 305 Echo (French), 91 Elizabeth (British), xxiv; account of looting, 141- 144, 145, 146 Enterprise (Greek steamer), 291 n. Eolo (Greek), 31 Eraclia (Greek), arrest of, 216-7 Fleche (French), 246 Y 322 PIRACY IN THE LEVANT, 1827-28 SHIPS Ships (continued):— Flora (British ?), 164 Gannet (18), xxv, 94, 95, 112, 154, 271 General Brock (British), 198 Generosa (Ionian), 123 Genoa (74), xxv Glasgow (50), xxv, 95, 146, 155, 210, 273 Hanby (British), 198 Hecla (Dutch), convoy by, 166-7, 189, 198 Hellas (Greek), 118, 257, 279, 291 n., 293, 294 Hydra (Greek), 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 261, 279 Isis (50), xxv, xxxi; at Grabusa, 246 et seq., 268 Jasper (10), xxv ; convoy by, 164-5, 169, 170, 199, 210, 296 John (British), xxiv, 166 ; plundering of, 189-90 Kateria or Perseverance (Greek steamer), 291 n. Kitty (British), 217, 223 Leonidas (Ionian), 22, 22 n. LordCochrane (transport), H3 Madonna di Kiko (Ionian), 122; condemnation of, 123-7 Maitland (Ionian), 122 Mary (British), 233 Mastiff (surveying vessel), xxiv, xxv, 296 Medina (20), xxv, 17 n., 112 Mercury (Greek steamer), 291 Naiad (46), xxv, 104 n., 271 Nancy (British), plundering of, 194-6 Nemesis (Greek), 163 Nimble (British), 273 Nymph (British), 198 Ontario (U.S.S.), 18 SHIPS Ships (continued):— Parthian (10), xxv, 89; action with pirate, 207- 209, 207 n., 296, 305 Pelican (18), xxi, xxii, xxv; at Scardamoula, 39-51, 56, 76; action with Turkish vessel, 77-81, 82; bombardment of Scardamoula, 114-16, 168, 233, 263 Pelorus (18), xxv, 95, 154 Perseverance or Kateria (Greek steamer), 220 n., 291 n. Philomel (10), xxv, 18, 19, 89, 119, 196, 199, 226 n. Pomone (French), 246 Ponsonby (British), 164 Portia (British), 198 Racer (cutter), 296 Raleigh (18), xxv, 95, 154, 210, 211 Rattlesnake (28), xxv, 246, 247, 248, 255 Reg0 . Augusto il Veneto (Ionian ?), 121 Revenge (78), xxv Rifleman (18), xxv, 145, 296 Robert (British), 170; plundering of, 183-8 Rose (18), xxv; at Poros, 15-17, 61, 89; action at Samothraki, 105-9 ; arrest of Greek cruisers, 216-17 St. Francesco (Maltese), 94 n., 96 St. Gerassimo (Ionian), 123 St. Nicolo (Ionian), 222 n. St. Spiridione (Ionian), 156, 281 Saveur or Saviour (Greek), 200, 293, 294 Serin gapatam (46), xxv, 80, 81, 112, 144 n., 145, 153, I55> 270, 271, 273 INDEX 323 SHIPS Ships (continued):— Speranza (Maltese), in Speranza or L’Esperance (Greek), 121, 123, 124 Sultan (British), 153, 215 Superba (Maltese), xxiv; plundering of, 99-103 Susannah (British), 198 Sybelle (48), xxv, 95 Symmetry (British), xxiv, 165; plundering of, 190- 194, 204 Talbot (26), xxv, 18 n., 21, 89, 225, 226 n., 273 Terpsichore (Greek), 114 Themistocles (pirate vessel), 17, 21, 24, 28, 103, no, 112 Venus (pirate vessel), 113 Warspite (76), xxv, 251 Zebra (18), xxi, xxv, 51 ; at Scardamoula, 52-59, 61, 87,89; action off Zea, 92, 185, 225, 226 n., 246 Sicily, 233, 264 Sidero, D. (pirate), 206 Silote Channel (Boca Silota), 165 Simpson, T. (British master), 170 ; protest by, 183-8 Sine, 158 Skiathos, xxiii, 138 Sluyter, Capt. N. (Dutch Navy), letter to Codrington (convoy), 166 Slythe, R. (Malta), 304 Smith, Lieut. H., 40, 41 n., 77, 78, 79, 115, 116; letter to Irby, 40 Smith (Malta), 299 Smyrna, xxiii, xxvi, xix, xxxiii, 20, 21 n., 37, 59, 60, 86, 87, 89, 9i, I38. J 39, 141, 149, 159, 166, 167, 168, 183, 185, 186, 189, 190, 194, 196, 199, 207, 211, 212, 213, 214, 233, 270, 273 ; letters from Smyrna merchants, 170, 173, 204 SYRIAN COAST Sotheby, Capt. C. (Seringapatam), 79, 80, 81, 144 n. ; letters to Codrington, 168, 210; to Cotton, 147; to Dalling, 212 ; to Maude, 213 ; to Michell, 144 ; to Rooke, 213 ; to Werry, 171 Spain, xxv Sparakia, expedition to, 243, 243 n., 249, 254 Sparks, W. (midshipman), 300 Spartivento, 233 Spencer, Capt. Hon. F. (Talbot), i8n.,86; letters to Hamilton, 18, 98 ; to Codrington, 300, 305 ; orders to sloops, 19, 20 Spencer, Capt. Hon. R., 32, 203 n. Spezzia, 21 n., 72, 119, 216, 217, 228, 229, 234; bombarded by Austrians, xiii, 131-7 Spezziote pirates, 72, 216 Staines, Commander Sir T. (Isis), xxxi, 240 n. ; occupation of Grabusa, 240 et seq. ; letters to Codrington, 246, 248, 251, 261, 267; to Congress of Candia, 244 Stampalia, 97, 98 Stamati, C. (Ionian), 147 Stancho, 146, 275, 276 Stavros, 137 Stevens, F. H. (midshipman), 302 Stevens, W. (Malta), 198, 200 Stevenson, W. B. (Malta), 200 Strangways, Capt. W. H. (R.M.), 268, 268 n. Suitto, N. (Genoese pirate), xxi, 40 et seq., 114, 115 Summers (Master, R.N.), 108 Sutton, Sir C. (Resident at Zante), 39 Symi, 98, 140, 141, 143, 145 Syra, 63, 88, 91; report from, 120, 123, 146, 149 ; disturbance at, 157-62, 165, 205 Syrian coast, xxvii, 94 324 PIRACY IN THE LEVANT, 1827-28 TALBOT TALBOT, Lieut. J. T., 108,108 n., 300 Tarputhsi, A. D. (Syra), 158 Tasso, 140, 142, 144 Tenedos, 167, 215 Themistocles (Greek captain), 114 Theodorachi (pirate), 28 Theophile, G. (Hydriote pirate), xx, 21—31 Thermia, 59, 157, 164 Thomas, Capt. (Greek service), 226 Thompson (acting mate, R.N.), 36 Thompson & Mildred (Levant merchants), 201 Three Naval Islands, 21 n., 219 Tildesley (midshipman), 299 Tinos, 35, 75, 89, 91, 205, 272 Tombazes, J. and E. (Hydriote seamen), 21 n. Tramontana, A.(Missolonghiote pirate), 156 Treachery at Grabusa, 262-3 Treaty of London, xvi, xxix Trials of Greek pirates, 104, 109-13 Tricoupis, S. (Deputy for Roumelia), 14, 14 n. Tughiakie (pirate), 112 Tunis, 189 Turkish operations in Greece, ix-xi; Fleet at Budrum, xiii-xiv, 276 et seq. ; Chios, x-xi; outside Navarino, 226, 226 n. ; vessel destroyed by Pelican, 76-83 URQUHART, Col. (Governor of Grabusa), 253-9 ; death of, 261 VALONA, 114 Varca, P. (pirate), 112 Vasso (Greek captain), 272, 273 Vathi, 148, 151, 152 XANTHES Vatica, 63, 64 Versina, A. (Syriote), letter to Hamilton, 160 Vidal, P. (Maltese), letter to Codrington, 298 Vitale, A. (Vice-Consul at Syra), letters to Hamilton, 120 Volo, 228, 229, 234, 270 Vourla, 19, 21, 60, 145, 153, 207 Vulgari, F. (Hydriote), 24 WASHINGTON, Lieut., 299, 299 n. ; letter to Codrington, 299 Watson, R. (British master), protest by, 190-4, 197, 204 Wellesley, Lieut. Hon. W., 36, 37, 37 n., 38 Wellington, Duke of, xvi Werry, F. (Consul at Smyrna), 84, 84 n., 86, 97, 153, 168, 183 ; letter to Hamilton, 140 ; letters to Sotheby, 146, 169, 172, 176, 202 Werry, N. W. (Smyrna), 188 Wheatley, Lieut. J., 33, 33 n., 34» 36, 37. I][ 9, 120 Whittall & Co. (Smyrna), 174 Wilkin & Co. (Smyrna), 174 ; letters to Werry, 170, 204 Wilkinson, F. G. (Consul at Rhodes), 145 Williams, Commander E. R. (Zebra), 51, 52, 52 n. ; at Scardamoula, 52-57, 185 ; letters to Hamilton, 52; action off Zea, 93 ; to G. Mavromicali, 56 Winckelman & Co. (Smyrna), 174 Woodmass, E. (Smyrna), 174 Wyville, Commander C. (Camelion), 247, 247 n., 253, 268 XANTHES, J. (Congress of Candia), 244 INDEX 325 YPSILANTI YPSILANTI, A., invasion of Danube Provinces, ix Ypsilanti, D., xii ZACCA, G. (Hydriote pirate), 87, 222, 223 Zaimi, A. (President of Greece), 13 n., 14, 84, 84 n. Zainados,D. (Hydriote Deputy), 14, 14 n. Zalichi, G. (Andriote), 207 ZURA Zante, xxi, xxvi n., 39, 50, 51, 53, 54» 55, 56, 58, 114, «6. 129, 164, 195, 198, 200, 201, 2O2 Zarb, F. (Maltese), 99, 101 Zea, 76, 89, 92, 157 Zionomo, A. (Hydriote), 24 Zugrapes, C., 14 Zula, A. (Ionian master), 122 et seq. Zura, A. (merchant), 124 et seq
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