In October 1912 the Ottoman Empire declared war on the Balkan League leading to the Balkan Wars 1912-13. These wars had a significant impact on British naval policy and operations in the Mediterranean which are explored in unprecedented depth in this, our 115th volume, published in 1970.
The documents in this focus on the Mediterranean in the years 1912 to 1914 are grouped in four sections, each with an informative Introduction. The first covers the debate on British policy in the Mediterranean which occurred soon after Winston Churchill became First Lord of the Admiralty, as well as the conversations between Britain and France in the years before the start of the Great War at both naval and diplomatic levels.
The second section records the movement of the German battle-cruiser Goeben and the light cruiser Breslau in the days between July 27 and August 14, 1914. The escape of the Goeben and Breslau from the British Mediterranean fleet after the declaration of war was the grounds for a Court of Enquiry and the Court Martial of Rear-Admiral E.C.T. Troubridge, which are reported in the third section. And the fourth part deals with British naval activity, with particular reference to Turkey and Turkish waters, after these two German ships succeeded in reaching the Dardanelles.
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INDEX OF PERSONS WITH BIOGRAPHICAL DETAILS The ranks, offices and titles specified are British unless otherwise noted. As a general rule they relate only to the period of this volume; but in some cases where previous or subsequent changes are relevant, these have been included. ANDERSON, Sir John, Permanent Undersecretary of State for the Colonies since 1911, 86 Armstrong, Captain John G., 272, 396 Asquith, Herbert H., Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury since 1908, 8-9,19, 22, 60-82, 86-9,102«., 118-19, 138; minutes by, 11, 94, 103; letter to, 101 BALFOUR, Arthur J., First Lord of the Treasury 1895-1905; Prime Minister 1902-5; First Lord of the Admiralty 1915-16, xiv, 243 Battenberg, Vice-Admiral (Admiral from 13 July 1912) Prince Louis of, Second Sea Lord Dec. 1911-7 Dec. 1912; First Sea Lord 7 Dec. 1912-29 Oct. 1914, xiii, 7,37,61,78,108,122,135,241,420, 432; minutes by, 109, 230, 236 Beatty, Vice-Admiral Sir David, Naval Secretary to First Lord of the Admiralty 1912; in command of 1st Battle Cruiser Squadron from 1914, 108 Beaumont, Henry H. p., Counsellor of Embassy at Constantinople 1914 (sometimes Charg6 d’Affaires), 426-7; telegrams from, 432 (two), 433 (two), 436 (three), 437,441; telegrams to, 432, 433, 434, 435 (two) Berchtold, Count Leopold von, AustroHungarian Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1912, 118«. Beresford, Admiral Lord Charles (retd. 1911), M.P. for Portsmouth since 1910, 66-7, 71 Bertie, Sir Francis, Ambassador at Paris since 1905, 6, 96«., 102; letters and telegrams to, 21, 32, 102, 103, 104, 105 (two), 147, 199 (two); letters and telegrams from, 97, 98, 99, 147, 153, 159 (two) Bismarck, Prince Otto von, German Imperial Chancellor 1871-90, xii Blackett, Captain Henry, 134 Borden, Robert L., Prime Minister of Canada, 5,86, 88-9,119-20,124-5 Borrett, Captain George, 134 Bou6 de Lapeyrere, Admiral, see Lapeyrere Bridgeman, Admiral Sir Francis C. B., First Sea Lord 1911-7 Dec. 1912,29,37, 50,61,63,70,86,90,93 Bruix, Eustache, French Admiral (1759- 1805), 371 Buchanan, Sir George W., Ambassador at St. Petersburgh since 1910, telegrams from, 178, 195, 435 Burney, Vice-Admiral Sir Cecil, in command of Channel Fleet, 272, 396 Buxton, Sydney C., President of the Board of Trade, 1910-14,61,118 CALLAGHAN, Admiral Sir George A., Commander-in-Chief, Home Fleets, since 1911, 237, 241, 244; at Court of Inquiry, 245-70; letter from, 270 Cambon, Pierre-Paul, French Ambassador at London since 1898, xvi, 5-7, 10-11, 21,32,90-8,100,102-5,147; letter from, 106; letter to, 106 Carayannides, John D., pilot, 443 Garden, Rear-Admiral (Vice-Admiral from 27 Aug. 1914) Sackville H., Senior Naval Officer, Malta, 1912-14; Senior (British) Naval Officer, Mediterranean, from 18 Aug. 1914, 222, 428-9, 435, 447/1., 448, 454, 456-7; telegrams to, 145,154,157,162,165,167,170,187-90, 194, 197, 199, 446-8, 454-6; letters and telegrams from, 147, 154, 164, 166- 72, 181,186, 447,448, 457, 460, 461 Carnegie, Lancelot D., Counsellor of Embassy at Paris 1908-13 (sometimes Charge d’Affaires); letters to, 90, 91, 95 Church, Captain W. D., 134, 144, 221; letter from, 204 Churchill, Winston S., First Lord of the Admiralty since 1911; and Mediterranean naval policy, 3-5, 9, 24-31, 35-7, 40-1, 44-50, 55-7, 60-90, 107-9, 116-18,123-30; and naval arrangement with France, 4, 6-7, 11, 28-30, 37, 41, 90-1, 94-7, 99-102; memoranda and 469 470 INDEX OF PERSONS Churchill, Winston S.—continued minutes by, 11,24,35,44,83,90,94,96, 101, 107, 108, 116, 117, 123, 125, 129, 232, 434, 441 and w., 454«.; memorandum to, 43; letter from, 99; and escape of Goeben, 135-6,138,232,235/2., 241-3, 403, 410, 413-15, 419-21; and Turkey, 427-9,434,441-2,446,454/1.; also 265 Clemenceau, Georges, French Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior 1906^-9; Member of Senatorial Commission for Foreign Affairs and Army since 1911, 101 Coode, Captain C. P. R., 134, 141-2, 462 Corbett, Sir Julian S., historian, 243 Cradock, Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher G.F.M., Commander-in-Chief, North America and West Indies Station, Feb. 1913-1 Nov. 1914,420-1 Crewe, Marquess of, Secretary of State for India since 1910; Lord Privy Seal from 1912; Leader of House of Lords since 1908, 60, 80, 86, 118 Crowe, Sir Eyre, Assistant Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs since 1912, 8,11; memorandum by, 12 Cruppi, Jean C. M., French Minister for Foreign Affairs 1911; Minister for Justice 1911-12, 101 Currey, Rear-Admiral Bernard, Fifth Battle Squadron, 272, 396 Czar of Russia (Nicholas II), 134 DELCASS£, Th£ophile, French Minister for Foreign Affairs 1898-1905; Minister of Marine 1911-13,10, 28, 91,95 Dibben, Lieutenant A. D. H., 203 Doherty, C. J., Canadian Minister of Justice, 86 Dreyer, Captain Frederic C. B., 342 Drury-Lowe, Captain Sidney R., 134 EOERTON, Sir George Le Clerc, Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth, from 1913, 241, 272-3, 277, 280-2, 284-5, 287-9, 294, 296, 301, 303-4, 307-9, 317, 319, 328-30, 337, 340-1, 344, 346-9, 351, 353-4, 357, 360-1, 379, 384-5, 389, 396 Elliott, Sir Francis E. H., Minister at Athens since 1903,452,453 and n. Enver Pasha, Chief of the Young Turk Central Committee 1908; Military Attach6 at Berlin 1909-13; Minister for War and Chief of the General Staff 1914, 426-7, 429, 446, 450 Esher, Viscount, Member of Committee of Imperial Defence since 1904, 61,77 Essad Pasha, 461 FISHER, Admiral of the Fleet Baron, of Kilverstone, First Sea Lord Oct. 1904-Jan. 1910 and from Oct. 1914, xiii-xv, 5,10, 61-2, 75, 77,79-80,86,95, 242-3; memoranda by, 43, 396 Foster, G. E., Canadian Minister of Trade and Commerce, 86 Fournet, French Admiral Dartige de, 138-9, 158, 170-1, 187, 215; telegram from, 157; telegrams to, 171, 172 Fremantle, Rear-Admiral Sydney R., 241, 273-4, 280, 282, 284-7, 297, 301, 307, 309, 321, 328, 330, 333, 338, 347, 350, 357-8, 362, 378-9, 385-6, 415; letter from, 274; cross-examines at Troubridge Court Martial, 277-8, 283, 286-92, 317-18, 321-5, 339-46, 351-6, 359-62, 380-4, 386-8 French, General (Field Marshal from 1913) Sir John, Chief of the Imperial General Staff from 1912, 61, 74-6, 86; memorandum by, 53 French, Commander Wilfrid F., 330, 337-8, 351-62, 375-7, 419 Fyler, Captain Herbert A. S., 272, 396 GILPIN-BROWN, Captain Frederick D., 134 Godfrey, Captain, 371 Godfrey, Commander, 202 Goschen, Sir W. Edward, Ambassador at Berlin since 1908, letter from, 23 Greece, King of (Constantine), 452 Greene, W. Graham, Permanent Secretary, Admiralty, since 1911, 273; letters from, 222, 232, 235 Grey, Sir Edward, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs since Dec. 1905, xiv, 5-7, 12/7., 60, 63, 66, 69, 76-7, 81-2, 86-7, 96«., 118-19, 138, 456«.; letters and telegrams to, 8, 10, 11, 19, 22, 42, 93, 97, 98, 99 (two), 101, 103, 106, 432 (two), 433 (two), 434, 435, 436 (three), 437, 441 (two), 442, 445, 447, 454; minutes by, 11,94; letters and telegrams from, 19,21,32,90,91,95,102,103,104, 105 (two), 106, 147, 432, 433, 434, 435 (two), 446, 455 Gu6pratte, French Rear-Admiral Emile P. A., 461 HALDANE, General Sir Aylmer, G.O.C.-inChief, Mesopotamia, 1920-2, 411 Haldane, Viscount, of Cloan, Secretary of State for War 1905-12; Lord Chancellor from June 1912,3,43, 60,64,68-9,72-3, 86, 118 Hall, Captain Sydney S., 43 Hamilton, Vice-Admiral Sir Frederick T., Second Sea Lord from 23 July 1914,242, 273; minute by, 398 INDEX OF PERSONS 471 Hamilton, General Sir lan, G.O.C.-inChief, Mediterranean Command and Inspector-General of Overseas Forces since 1910, 43, 61, 75, 86 Hankey, Captain R. Maurice A., Secretary of the Committee of Imperial Defence from 1912,12w., 61, 86; letter from, 8 Harcourt, Lewis, Secretary of State for the Colonies since 1910, 60, 64, 71, 74, 77, 82, 86, 118-19 Haus, Admiral, Austro-Hungarian Marine Commandant, 118w. Hazen, J. D., Canadian Minister of Marine and Fisheries and Minister of the Naval Service, 86 Heath, Rear-Admiral Herbert L., Admiral Superintendent of Portsmouth Dockyard, 272, 396 Hood, Rear-Admiral Sir Horace L. A., Naval Secretary to First Lord of the Admiralty from June 1914, 418 Howe, Admiral of the Fleet Earl (1726- 99), 263, 421 JACKSON, Vice-Admiral Sir Henry B., Chief of War Staff, Admiralty, Feb. 1913-July 1914; letters from, 122 (two); letter to, 122 Jellicoe, Vice-Admiral (Admiral from 5 Aug. 1914) Sir John R., Second Sea Lord 7 Dec. 1912; Second in Command of Home Fleet July 1914; Commanderin-Chief, Home Fleet, Aug. 1914, 265, 407 Johnson, Sir Henry, solicitor, 273 Johnson, Engineer-Commander Malcolm C, 235 KELLY, Captain John D., 134, 141; letter from, 202 Kelly, Captain William A. Howard, 134, 141-2, 258, 264, 281, 373, 398, 445; memorandum by, 58; letter from 232; commendation of, 235-6 Kennedy, Captain Francis W., 133, 137, 425,442,446; letters from, 201,442 Keppel, Admiral Viscount (1725-86), 413, 420 Kitchener, Field Marshal Viscount, of Khartoum, Agent and Consul-General in Cairo 1911-14; Secretary of State for War from Aug. 1914, 4, 9, 25, 30, 61, 65, 74, 214; letters from, 19, 22; letter to, 19 Konduriotis, Paul, Greek Admiral, 444 Krabbe, Paymaster-in-Chief Frederick J., Deputy Judge-Advocate of the Fleet, 272, 277, 280-1, 285-8, 290, 296, 298, 307, 309, 313, 316, 329-30, 337-8, 344, 346-7, 354, 362, 378-80, 396 LAMBERT, Captain Cecil F., Fourth Sea Lord from Nov. 1913, 398; minute by, 397 Lansdowne, Marquess of, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 12 Nov. 1900- 11 Dec. 1905, xiii, xiv, 95,104 Lapeyrere, Vice-Admiral Bou6 de, French Commander-in-Chief in the Mediterranean from 1912, 134, 136, 140, 146, 155, 165, 184, 195, 198, 200, 256, 296, 369, 379, 412, 449, 455-6; Milne authorised to communicate with, 137, 148-9, 152; in Adriatic, 211-12, 221, 374, 382, 426, 438-40; in command of Anglo-French Mediterranean fleet, 232, 254, 300, 368, 417, 425, 428, 431, 435, 446-7; telegrams to, 437, 448 Le Bris, French Vice-Admiral, 122 Leitch, Alexander, pilot, 443 Leith, Captain G., 444 Liman von Sanders, General Otto, head of German Military Mission in Turkey, 450 Limpus, Rear-Admiral (Vice-Admiral from 14 Sept. 1914) Arthur H., head of British Naval Mission in Turkey 1912- 14; Admiral Superintendent, Malta, from 20 Sept. 1914, 427-8, 435-7, 441, 446,454; telegram to, 456 Lindner, Lieutenant-Commander Leonard H., 458-9 Lloyd George, David, Chancellor of the Exchequer since 1908, 60, 62-3, 65, 68-70,74,80-1,86, 118 Lostende, Captain Mercier de, French Naval Attach^ at London, xiv-xv Loxley, Captain Arthur N., 133 MCKENNA, Reginald, First Lord of the Admiralty 1908-11; Secretary of State for Home Affairs from Oct. 1911, xiv, 3, 5, 44, 46-7, 50, 60, 63-73, 76, 82, 86, 117-18; memoranda by, 37, 55 Mallet, Sir Louis, Ambassador at Constantinople from 1913, 427, 429, 443, 446, 447/1., 448-53, 455«., 456 and «.; telegrams) from, 442, 445, 447, 454; telegrams to, 446,455 Marston, Commander Guy M., 277-85, 306-7,319,386,415 Meux, Admiral Sir Hedworth, Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth, from July 1912, 237, 241; letter to, 244; at Court of Inquiry, 245-70; letter from, 270 Milne, Admiral Sir Archibald Berkeley, Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet 1912-18 Aug. 1914, 7, 9, 112w., 114H., 133, 135-44, 226-33, 397, 399- 401, 406-11, 425,428, 442; criticism of, 139, 396-7, 412-13; telegrams and 472 INDEX OF PERSONS Milne—continued signals exchanged with, 145-200,434-8; letters etc. from, 149, 213, 223, 311; letters to, 201, 202, 204, 205, 222, 232; at Court of Inquiry, 237, 241, 244771; evidence at, 246-51, 269; at Troubridge Court Martial, 241, 274-6, 279, 323-5, 329-30, 335, 365, 367-72, 375-7, 380-4, 387-94; evidence at, 285-321; subsequent history, 242-3 Montenegro, King of (Nicholas), 440 Morley, Viscount, of Blackburn, Secretary of State for India 1905-10 and Mar.- May 1911; Lord President of the Council 1910-14,60,63,76-7,86,118 NAPOLEON I, Emperor of the French (1769-1821), 263 Nelson, Vice-Admiral Viscount (1758- 1805), 258, 371, 421 Nicolson, Sir Arthur, Permanent Undersecretary of State for Foreign Affairs since 1910,5,21,32,60,103; minutes by, 10,11, 93; letter to, 23 PALLISER, Admiral Sir Hugh (1723-96), 413,420 Palmer, C. E. S., Vice-Consul at Dardanelles, 442-4, 450, 460-1 Pelletan, Camille, French Minister of Marine, 1902-5, xiii Pelletier, L. P., Canadian Post-Master General, 86, 89 Perrow, Theodore, Petty Officer Telegraphist, 235 Pichon, Stephan, French Minister for Foreign Affairs 1906-11,101 Poincar6, Raymond, French Prime Minister and lyiinister for Foreign Affairs 1912-13; President of the Republic from 1913, 5-6, 21, 94, 97-101,105,135 RAMSAY, Lieutenant-Commander Hon. Alexander R. M., 459 Rodd, Sir J. Rennell, Ambassador at Rome since 1908, 21, 170; letters and telegrams from, 42, 147 (two), 167; telegram to, 152 Rosebery, Earl of, Prime Minister 1894-5, xii Runciman, Walter, President of the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries 1911-14, 117 Ryan, Captain Frank E. C., 272, 396 SAID HALIM PASHA, Prince Mehmed, Turkish Minister for Foreign Affairs 1913-14; Grand Vizier from 1913, 426-7, 429, 432-6, 441, 445-7, 450-1, 453,455;*., 456 and n. Saint-Seine, Captain the Comte ChristianMarie le G. de, French Naval Attach^ at London from 1912,6,10-11,90-1,93, 95, 256; letter from 122; letter to, 122 (two) St. Vincent, Admiral of the Fleet Earl of (1735-1823), 420 Salisbury, Marquess of, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 1878-80, 1885-6, 1887-92, 1895-1900; Prime Minister 1895-1902, xi-xiii Schwerer, Captain A., Assistant Chief of the General Staff of the French Navy, 431-2 Sclater, Captain Guy L., 272, 396 Scott, Leslie, K.C., 241-2,273, 277,284-8, 290, 306-7, 318-21, 340-1, 346-8, 351, 356, 360, 362, 378-81, 383, 385-7, 394, 398; cross-examines at Troubridge Court Martial, 278-83,292-306,308-17, 325-39, 356-9 Scott, Admiral Sir Percy (retd. 1913), 301, 419; letter from, 422 Seely, Colonel John E. B., Secretary of State for War 1912-Aug. 1914, 61, 73, 86, 118 Selborne, Earl of, First Lord of the Admiralty 1900-5, 79 Selves, M. de, French Minister for Foreign Affairs 1911-12, 101 Sinclair, W. H. M., Consul-General, Brindisi; telegrams from, 146,147 Sowerby, Captain Charles F., 133,445,458 Souchon, German Rear-Admiral Wilhelm, 135, 137-40, 142-3, 387, 426-7, 429, 453-5 Stamfordham, Baron, Private Secretary to King George V since 1910,43/i. Sturdee, Rear-Admiral (Vice-Admiral from Dec. 1913) Sir F. C. Doveton, in command of Second Cruiser Squadron 1912-13; Chief of War Staff, Admiralty, July 1914; Commander-in-Chief, South Atlantic and South Pacific, Nov. 1914, 262, 419 Suguy, French Rear-Admiral de, 212 THOMSON (or Thompson), W., ‘of the Bath Club ‘,453 and n. Thursby, Rear-Admiral Cecil F., Fifth Battle Squadron, 272, 396 Tirpitz, German Grossadmiral, Secretary of State for the Navy since 1897,140 Tisza, Count Stephan, Hungarian Prime Minister 1903-5 and from 1913,126 Togo, Admiral Heihachiro (1847-1912), 251-2, 364, 379 Troubridge, Rear-Admiral Ernest C. T., Private Secretary to First Lord of the Admiralty 1910-11; Chief of War Staff, Admiralty, Jan. 1912; in command of INDEX OF PERSONS 473 Troubridge—Continued First Cruiser Squadron, Mediterranean, from Jan. 1913; as Chief of War Staff, 8, 12w., 50-2, 61, 63, 86, 93, 108; memoranda by, 50, 411; and escape of Goeben 133-6, 139, 141-3, 145, 148-52, 154, 157-8, 163-99, 205-11, 213-20, 226-32, 235-7, 397-422; telegrams and signals exchanged with, 145,150-2,154,157-8, 163-99, 437, 446, 448-9; letters from, 205, 226, 438, 449; with Anglo-French fleet in Adriatic, 212, 426, 435, 438-40; criticism of, 230-2, 236-7, 270-1, 397- 411; and Court of Inquiry, 241,244-71; evidence at, 251-70; Court Martial of, 241-2, 271-396; defence at, 362-78; cross-examination, 378-94; finding, 394-6; acquittal, 396; subsequent career, 243; letters to, 244, 271, 311, 339, 422, 442; at Dardanelles, 426, 428-9, 437, 442, 446-53 Troubridge, Laura, Lady, 243 Trumpener, Professor Ulrich, 425 Tudor, Rear-Admiral Frederick C. T., Third Sea Lord from Aug. 1914, 242, 273; minute by, 397 USEDOM, German Admiral Guido von, 428 VENIZELOS, Eleutherios, Greek Prime Minister since 1910, 452 Vere, Captain, of Armstrong Vickers, 421-2 Villeneuve, French Admiral Pierre C. J. B. S. (1763-1806), 263 WANGENHEIM, Baron von, German Ambassador at Constantinople from 1912, 426,429,450-1,454 Weber, Colonel, German Commander at Dardanelles, 451, 453 Wilson, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Arthur K., First Sea Lord Jan. 1910-Dec. 1912; returned to Admiralty without official post Oct. 1914, xv, 43, 61, 78-9, 82, 86, 242; minute by, 401 Wilson, Brigadier-General (MajorGeneral from 1913) Henry H., Director of Military Operations, War Office, since 1910, 8,12«., 61, 86 Wray, Captain Fawcet, 134,142, 227,242, 258-60, 264, 267-8, 271, 362, 371-2, 375-7, 385, 402; at Troubridge Court Martial, 277; evidence at, 321-51; letter from, 339; criticism of, 398-9, 401; declaration by, 402 16* INDEX OF SUBJECTS Ships9 names are listed under the general heading SHIPS. ADEN, 211,222,425,428 Agadir, xiv, 3 Ajaccio, 171 Albania, 114,135,147,150,438 Alexandria, 59, 219 Alexandria, as a base, xiv, 5,9,22-3,27-8, 31, 33, 44, 60, 77, 79, 110, 113, 115, 428; Milne at, 135,213; Goeben at, 250; also 214, 219, 222, 312, 390, 448-9 Algeria, see France, transport of troops from Africa; Bona; and Philippeville Anglo-French military conversations and Anglo-French naval conversations; see France and Britain Ansaldo Yard, 128 Anti-kithera Channel, 220 Antivari, Gulf of, 374, 438-40 Antwerp, 375 Armi, Cape del, 233 Armstrong-Vickers, 421,427 Aspera type light cruiser, 439 Athens, W/T station at, 185 Atlantic Fleet, British, xiv, 3, 25, 65-6, 68, 71-3, 77-8, 414 Australia, 38, 40-1, 47«., 57, 79«., 81 Australian Naval Agreement, 57 Austria (Austria-Hungary) and Mediterranean Agreements 1887, xi-xii and Italy, xi-xii, 43,187, 316-17 and France, 13,29,431,435 and Russia, 13, 425 and Balkan States, 16-17, 219, 426 and Britain, 30,435 and Turkey, 82,178, 425-6,450 and Germany, 87,451 navy, xiii, xv, 4-5, 7, 15, 18, 26-8, 39, 44-6, 50, 55-6, 62, 65-7, 71-4, 78, 86, 90-1, 100, 108-13, 115, 117, 120-2, 135,140,145-6,166,171,178,181,189, 198, 207-8, 210, 219, 224-5, 227, 249, 251-2, 254, 256, 258, 271, 293-5, 299, 312, 319, 366, 368, 371, 374, 389, 391-3, 395,399-400,425-6,431,439- 40, 448, 450 naval building programme, 3, 24, 26-8, 31-4, 37, 39, 44-6, 50-2, 55, 63-5, 67-8, 73, 78, 83, 87-9, 91, 107-8, 116-18, 125-30 length of sea-coast, 88 Austria—Continued and outbreak of war, 114, 139-40, 143, 164-5, 189-94,197, 199, 206, 209-11, 214,218-19,221,223-4,230,247,252, 313-14,319,365,367,426,431 merchant ships, 150,166 see also Triple Alliance Austrian Lloyd steamers, 206, 393 BABENBERG CLASS BATTLESHIPS, 45,55,366 Baltic Sea, 38, 59,135 Bantry Bay, 357, 359 Bashika Bay, see Besika Bay Beagle class destroyers, 116 Belgium, 12,187 Berehaven, 72 Bergaz, 461 Besika Bay, 200, 221,442,449 Bizerta, 111-12, 137-40, 153, 155, 157-8, 165-6, 169, 171, 175, 187, 192, 198-9, 215-16,222-3,291,326,395 Black Sea, xiii, 43, 58-9, 79«., 425, 427, 429-30, 444-5, 448, 450-1 Boer War, xiii Bon, Cape, 166, 200 Bona, 137, 154, 157, 164, 215, 291, 313, 368, 371 Bonifacio, Straits of, 171, 216, 370 Bosnian crisis, xiv, 17, 87 Bosphorus, 167,428, 452 Brandenburg class battleships, 48-9 Braunschweig class battleships, 38,69, 327 Brest, xii, 91, 371 Brindisi, 136,146-7,149-50,227,247,256, 333, 371 Bucharest, 451 Bulgaria, 452 CANADA, 5,52, 54, 86, 89-90,108,116-20, 123-5 Cani Rocks, 169 Canopus class battleships, 38, 46,48, 69 Cape of Good Hope, 33, 54-5 Castellammare, 128-9 Castille Signal Station, 215 Cattaro, 210, 252, 374, 382,438,440 Cephalonia, 141, 143, 157, 189-90, 192, 195, 207, 258, 275, 278, 347, 393 Cerigo (Kithera), 142, 234 474 INDEX OF SUBJECTS 475 Cervi Channel, 142, 186, 217, 219, 223, 235, 391-3, 396, 406 Chanak, 144,205, 220,442-3,460 Channel, English, 10-11,58,117,137,148, 213, 431 Channel Squadron, British, xii, xiv, 414 Chatham class light cruisers, 50-2 Cherbourg, xii Chilian naval officers, 331 China, 36, 38, 44, 47w., 54, 64, 81 Colonna, Cape, 207, 228, 298, 314, 323 Committee of Imperial Defence, 3, 124; meetings of, at Malta, May 1912, 4-5, 8-9, 19, 22-3, 65, 74, 88; in London, 4 July 1912, 5, 60-83, 88,116-18; 11 July, 5,86-90,119 Constantinople, xi, xiii, 139-40, 143, 185, 213, 268, 409, 421, 426, 428-30, 433, 441,443-4,450-2,454; Goeben and Breslau at, 144,205,221,387 Constanza, 451 Corfu, 141, 149, 154, 164, 169, 207, 209, 212,228,275,369,438 Coronel, battle of, 421 Correnti, Cape, 154 Corsica, 58,169, 216, 370 Corso, Cape, 169,171 Crete, 4,17-18,185,448,455 Court Martial of Troubridge, 133, 135-6, 142, 183w., 241-2; ordered 271-2; minutes, 272-396; warrant, 273; charge sheet, 273-4; Circumstantial Letter, 274^7, 336, 373; finding, 39476; discussed by Sea Lords, 396-402; discussed by Wray, 402-11; discussed by Troubridge, 411-22 Court Martial refused to Milne, 243 Courts Martial of Keppel and Palliser, 413 Court of Inquiry, 135, 142, 241, 286, 403, 405, 409, 411, 415-16, 418-19, 428; ordered, 237, 244-5; minutes, 245-70; report, 270-1 Cyprus, 4,17-18, 53,58, 61n. DACATO, Cape, see Dukato Dante class battleships, 45 Danton class battleships, 31, 63,135 Danubius Yard, Fiume, 127 Dardanelles and Russia, xi, xiii, xiv, 59-60,113 destination of Goeben and Breslau, 137, 140, 143-4, 200, 219-20, 225, 231, 312, 380, 399, 402, 406, 426-7, 432-3, 436 mines in, 140,167,442-4,449-50,453-5 watch by British ships on, 144,200,221, 266, 374, 379, 425-6, 428-9,435,437, 441-56, 459-62 Weymouth attempts to enter, 204-5 forts, 204-5, 427-9, 442,445, 450-2 Dardanelles—continued bombarded by Anglo-French squadron, 456-61 also, 27,115,178, 311, 418,430 Da Vinci class battleships, 45 Deimdje, 443 Democratic class battleships, 429,454 Denusa, 143 Deutschland class battleships, 38, 48, 69, jZ, I Devonshire class cruisers, 23, 30 Dimitri, Cape, 220 Dover, Straits of, xv, 72, 79-80,93 Dreadnoughts, 5, 23, 26-9, 31-41, 44-6, 48-52,55-6,62-5,67-70,83-5, 87-9,91, 107,117,123,126-30,135,427 Duke of Edinburgh class cruisers, 50-2 Dual Alliance, xi, xiii, 13 Dukato (Ducato, Dacato), Cape, 143,166, 186, 188-9, 191, 195, 210-11, 258, 298, 347, 388, 390 Duncan class battleships, 3,26, 30, 33, 38, 46-9, 65, 68-9 Duranto, 390 Durazzo, 135,145, 213, 253, 292, 367,417 Dutch wars, 114 EASTERN TELEGRAPH COMPANY, 154, 215, 219 Egypt and Britain, xi, xiii, 4, 9, 17-20, 27-8, 53-5, 58-9, 61/i., 74, 76-7, 89, 105, 117,312,459 and France, xiii and Russia, xiii and Turkey, 9,17-18,20,27,74,76,312, 428, 430, 438, 453 possible destination of Goeben, 144,219, 225,231,234,260,392 also 367, 425, 449 see also Alexandria; Suez Entente, Anglo-French, xiii-xiv FALKLAND ISLANDS, Battle of, 419 Fano Island, 141, 149, 175, 207-8, 212, 228, 257, 269, 275, 289-90, 298, 370, 391,395,438 Farina, Cape, 169 Fashoda, xiii Federated Malay States, 108,119 Per, Cape de, 171 Ferdinand Max class battleships, 45 Field Artillery, 54-5 Filiberta class battleships, 45 First of June, battle of, 421 Flight of the Goeben and the Breslau (Milne), 243,412-13 Foot Guards, 54 Foreign Naval Ordnance 1909, 327,331,342 Formidable class battleships, 38-9, 44-6, 49,69 476 INDEX OF SUBJECTS France and Britain, rivalry before 1904, xi-xiii, 13, 26 Entente 1904, xiii-xiv, 13, 98-9 military conversations, xiv, 7, 90 naval conversations 1905-11, xiv-xvi, 95, 104,106 question of naval arrangement, and further conversations, 4-7, 10-12, 15, 17-19, 21-2, 28-30, 32-3, 37, 41-2, 57-60, 70, 90-2 draft naval agreement, 23 July 1912, 6-7,92-102 exchange of notes proposed, 101-5; concluded 22-23 Nov. 1912, 106-7 agreement on joint action in Mediterranean, 10 Feb. 1913,7,110-12,120 convention of 6 Aug. 1914, 198, 425, 431-2, 435 also 66, 72, 82, 86, 115-18, 260, 262, 392 and Russia, xi-xiii, 10,12, 59 and Italy, xiii, 6,13-15,18«., 21, 29,42, 102-3 and Austria, 13, 29,426,431,435 and Spain, 14-16,18 and Turkey, 21,426,429,432,437,442 navy, xii-xiv, 4-5, 9, 12, 15, 17-18, 24, 28, 31, 34, 52, 58-9, 63-4, 73^, 77, 82-3,86,88-104,106,109-13,115-16, 120-1, 134-7, 171, 189, 198-200, 212, 221, 227, 256, 263, 296, 300-1, 308, 312, 335, 369-70, 374, 412, 425-6, 429-32, 435-6, 438-40, 447-8, 454, 459-61 transport of troops from Africa, xv, 6-7, 21, 58, 108-12, 135-40, 146, 152-3, 156-8, 170-1, 199, 214-16, 223-5, 230, 251, 254, 256, 291, 316, 320, 366, 368, 383, 392, 395, 399, 417-18 and outbreak of war, 137,146,148, 230 see also Dual Alliance; Triple Entente GALITA ISLAND, 169,171 Gallipoli, 242,443,461 Gallo, Cape, 215 General Staff, British, 4, 7, 60, 74-6, 105-7; memorandum by, 53 Genoa, 170,172 Germany and Mediterranean Agreements 1887, xiv and Britain, 12-14, 59 and Turkey, 17,137,140,426-30,432-7 441-2,445-7, 450-6,459 and Italy, 43, 316-17 and Austria, 87,451 navy, xii, xiv, 3, 15, 17, 23-5, 27, 33, 35-6, 38-9, 41, 47-9, 56, 58-9, 61-5, 68-71, 73, 78-81, 84-5, 87, 97, 102, 107, 114, 117,119,148, 343, 353 Germany—continued Navy Law 1912, 3, 25, 32, 61-2, 79,117 merchant ships, 150, 165, 182, 209, 444 Britain and France anticipate war against, xiv-xvi, 4, 6, 8,14-15,19-20, 29-30, 34,69,80-1,94,97-9,102,114 and outbreak of war, 138-40, 148, 158, 162-3, 165, 206, 216, 230, 232, 252, 274-5, 365, 367, 395 also 12, 32, 229 see also Triple Alliance Gibraltar, as a base, xii-xiv, 3,18,23-5,30, 32, 35-6, 39-41, 46, 47«., 50, 68, 71-4, 79,84,114-15,117,431; defence of, xiii, 33, 39, 44, 54, 58, 431; and Spain, 16; battle-cruisers ordered to, 136,153,215, 248, 288, 290-1, 296, 321, 368 Goerz, Messrs., 360 Graham’s Shoal, 161, 216 Grand Fleet, 329, 336, 346-7 Greece, 114, 146, 196, 210, 367, 427, 433, 444-5, 452-3 Gunnery, discussed at Court of Inquiry, 249-50, 259-60, 264-5; discussed at Court Martial, 300-3, 312-13, 326-62, 375-7, 386-7; discussed by Sea Lords, 398-9,402; discussed by Wray, 404,407, 409; discussed by Troubridge, 414-15, 419; discussed by Percy Scott, 419, 422 Guordia, Cape, 169 HELLES, Cape, 458 Holland, 12 Hong Kong, 55, 74, 79n. Horse Artillery, 54-5 Horta, Azores, 213 Household Cavalry, 54 Hungary, see Austria (Austria-Hungary) Hydra, 220 IMBROS, 430,452 India, xii, 9,12,20,53-4,59,79«., 105,117, 425, 428,453 Invincible class battle-cruisers, 50-1 Ionian Islands, 114,149,151,182,206,218, 222, 292, 390 Ismid(t), 443 and «., 452 Italy and Mediterranean Agreements 1887, xi-xii and Austria, xi-xii, 43,187, 316-17 and Britain, xii-xiii, 6, 14-15, 18«., 21, 29, 42-3, 60, 69 and France, xiii, 6, 13-15, 18/i., 21, 29, 42,102-3 and Russia, 13,18w., 42-3 and Malta, 14-15, 75 and Turkey, 18«., 21, 69, 77,460 and Germany, 43, 316-17 INDEX OF SUBJECTS 477 Italy—continued navy, xii xv, 4-5, 7, 15, 18, 26-8, 39, 44-6, 50, 55-6, 62, 65-7, 71, 73-4, 78, 86,90-1,100,108-11,113,117,120-2, 135, 146^7, 206, 315, 365-6, 368, 460 naval building programme, 3, 24, 26-8, 31-4,37-9,44-6,50-2,55,63-5,67-8, 83, 87, 89, 107, 116, 118-19/*., 123, 125, 128-9 and outbreak of war, 138, 146-7, 151, 154,157,162,183,193, 206, 210, 225, 230, 247, 252, 295, 316-17, 320, 365, 367-9, 372-3, 380-1, 395, 397, 399, 425, 431 see also Triple Alliance Ithaca, 190,198; see also Port Vathi JAFFA, 428, 447 Japan, xiii, 251-2, 263, 343, 364, 375, 414 Jutland, battle of, 419 KAISER CLASS BATTLESHIPS, 38,48 Kaiser Barbarossa class battleships, 38 Kaiserin class battleships, 38-9 Kalimno, 220 Kephalo, Cape, 221 Khios, 220 Kiel, 331 King Edward class battleships, 25, 38-9, 44-5, 67-9, 73 Kinpho Island, 220 Kithera Channel, 220 Kopho Island, 220 Krupp guns, 264 LEFKIMO, Corfu, 212 Lemnos, 452 Lero, 220 Liege, 187 LoorthaBay, 212 Lord Nelson class battleships, 5, 28, 30-1, 38,40,46,48-9,62-3,65, 83-4,107,123 MAJESTIC CLASS BATTLESHIPS, 38,46-9, 69 Majorca, 138-9, 162, 291; see also Palma Malea, Cape, 143,219-20,234, 396 Malta as a base for British fleet, xiii-xiv, 3, 5, 24-30, 39-42,47w., 67-8,73, 75-7, 79, 82, 84,90,108-9, 111, 114-17,135-72 (passim), 205-22 (passim), 226-7, 247, 265, 274-5, 289-91, 306, 311-12, 324- 6, 337, 365, 367-8, 371, 380, 388-91, 394, 404, 408, 412, 416-17, 428, 430, 447-9, 454 as a base for French fleet, 113,198-200, 425-6, 431 defence of, 4, 9, 18, 23, 27, 30, 33, 39, 43-4,53-4,58,61w., 71,74-6,89,113, 115,431,446 and Italy, 14-15, 75 Malta—continued and Egypt, 19-20 see also Committee of Imperial Defence, meeting, May 1912 Mandelyah Gulf, 220 Manning, 25,27, 34-7, 40, 46-7, 56-7,67, 83,85 Margherita class battleships, 45 Marittimo (Maritimo), 164-5,200,274,313 Marmara, Island of, 452 Marmara, Sea of, 437, 441 Marseilles, 112, 214, 291, 316, 366, 368, 417, 448 Matapan, Cape, 140,142-3,179, 186,197, 217, 219, 222, 224, 228, 231, 234-5, 258, 290, 406 Mediterranean Agreements 1887, xi-xii Memories and Reflections (Laura, Lady Troubridge), 243 Mentone, 58 Messina (including Straits of Messina), 108, 136-41, 146, 148-51, 158, 163, 167-70,173,175,182,184,188-9,207-9, 215-18, 222-4, 227-8, 230, 246, 248, 255-7, 274-5, 288-91, 295-6, 306, 309, 311, 315-21, 323, 369-73, 380-1, 387, 390, 394-6, 400-2, 412 Milazzo, 178, 217, 388 Milo Island, 210, 220 Mityleni, 452 Molo, Gulf of, 193,210 Montenegro, 426,438,440 Morocco, xiii-xiv, 15, 95w, 199 Moudros (Port Mudros), 221, 444 Mykomi Island, 220 NAGARA,221,432,436 Naples, 218 Nassau class battleships, 38-9 Naval Defence Act 1889, xiii Naval Discipline Act, 241, 272, 274, 277, 379 Naval Intelligence Department, Admiralty, 63, 353, 355, 361-2 Naval Operations Vol. I (Corbett), 243 Navarin, 189 Naxos Island, 220 New Zealand, 79w. Nigeria, 82 Nikaria Island, 220 North Sea, 4, 8, 11, 19, 24, 26-8, 30, 35, 37-8, 40,44,46-9, 56-7, 59, 66-7, 70-1, 76-9,81-2,110,112,114,117,137,148, 262, 329, 336, 364, 414, 460 Novaro Point Light, 278 Novorossisk, 429 ODERO’SYARD, 128 Odessa, 429 Odin class battleships, 48-9 Oldenburg class battleships, 38 478 INDEX OF SUBJECTS One-Power standard (in Mediterranean), 78,82-3,107,116,118,123 Oran, 112,154,215 Orion class battleships, 38-9 Orlando Yard, 128 Otranto, 198, 257,405,438 Ottoman Empire, see Turkey Overseas Defence Committee, 55 Oxia, 210-11 PALMA, 155-7,216 Pantellaria, 161,166, 216 Patrie class battleships, 52,455 Paxos Island, 323 Persia, 59-60 Philippeville, 112, 137, 157, 171, 215, 291 Piraeus, 164 Pola, 126-7, 135, 140, 166, 171, 178, 181, 207-8, 224, 389, 395 Port Arthur, 364, 375 Porte, see Turkey Port Kalloni, 461 Portland, 241, 272-3 Port Mahon, 216 Port Mudros, see Moudros Port Said, 110, 187, 200, 209, 211, 221-2, 312,406, 428,447-9 Portsmouth, 237, 244-5, 271, 350 Port Trebuki, Skyros, 461 Portugal, 39,41, 56, 71 Port Vathi, Ithaca, 167, 186-9, 193-7, 209-11,218-19,390-1 RADETZKY CLASS BATTLESHIPS, 26, 28, 31, 39,44-5, 50-2, 63,83,107,117,123 Ras-el-Mirh, 161,216 Reggio, 139,168, 369 Rodosto, 461 Roma class battleships, 45 Rough Account of Goeben and Breslau (Troubridge), 411-22 Roumania, 436 Royal Sovereign class battleships, 31,77 Russia and France, xi-xiii, 10,12, 59 and Britain, xi-xiv, 13, 59-60 and Italy, 13,18«., 42-3 and Austria, 13,425 and Turkey, 16-17,426-7,429-30,432- 3,436-7,441,445-7,450-1 and Triple Alliance, 30 and Japan,343, 364, 375 navy, xi-xiv, 59, 80,113,429,444 and outbreak of war, 137 see also Dual Alliance; Triple Entente ST. ELMO, 154 St. Vito, Cape, 171,216 Salonica (Salonika), 17, 219,225 Samos, Straits of, 220 San Georgio, 220 San Giovanni di Medua, 211,439 Santa Maria di Leuca, Cape, xv, 149,157, 168. 207 Santa Maura Island, 141,143,163,166-7, 169. 173, 186-8, 194, 206, 209-10, 228, 247-8, 258, 269, 275, 289, 292, 313, 347, 369, 380,389-90, 395 Sapienza, 142,187, 234 Sardinia, 58, 165, 202, 216, 256, 291, 296, 316,319,369,412 Scandinavia, 12 Scutari, 213 Sebenico, 255-6, 371 Serat, Cape, 169 Serbia (Servia), 219, 225, 243, 410,426 Serpho, 220 Servia, see Serbia Sevastopol, 429 Ships: Austrian: Prinz Eugen, 127 Szentlstvan, 127-8 Tegetthof, 127,130 Trieste, 211 Viribus Unit is, 127, 130 Zenta, 300, 335, 374, 379,426, 439-40 British: Aboukir, 364-5 Agamemnon, 272 Albemarle, 30 Australia, 49, 62, 64, 84-5, 107 ^5/7/^,134,183,185,206 Beagle, 134,153,171,190,195,202-3, 271,276,281,354,401,449 Black Prince, speed and armament, 134,259,265,270-1,351-4; also 84, 152-3, 185, 188-90, 192-3, 209-11, 213-14, 222, 248, 275-6, 289, 296, 322, 379, 385, 389-90, 395, 401, 404,425,428, 438 Blenheim, 134, 148, 187, 190, 194, 197-8, 210, 213, 219, 389, 426,429, 437-8,452,461-2 Bulldog, 134, 153, 171, 190, 202, 271, 276,281,354,401,449 Bulwark, 241, 272 Camerata, 212 Chatham, speed and armament, 134; at Straits of Messina 2-3 Aug., 136, 148, 150-1, 288, 295-6, 372, 381, 400; ditto 7-8 Aug., 178,182, 184, 189, 215, 217-18, 224, 388; patrols westward 3-4 Aug., 136, 139, 151-3, 155, 161, 163, 165, 215-16, 248, 274; in Adriatic 8-10 Aug., 143, 194-5, 197-8, 210, 219; in Aegean 10-11 Aug., 220; also 149,206,213,221-2,428 Collingwood, 84 Colossus, 361 Conqueror, 342, 361 Cressy, 364 INDEX OF SUBJECTS 479 Ships—continued British—continued Defence, speed and armament, 134, 236, 249, 259, 265, 270-1, 302, 322, 328-34, 340, 344, 348-54, 359, 375, 399,401,404,422; at Durazzo, 135, 145, 213; in Adriatic 2-7 Aug., 148-9, 210-11, 214-15, 275-89, 298, 309, 313-15, 384-6; with French fleet in Adriatic, 212, 374, 438-9; at Dardanelles, 426, 428-9, 437,449,452,454; sunk at Jutland, 419; also 151-2, 167, 184-5, 206, 250, 267,295-6, 307, 321, 367, 372, 380, 394, 409, 435 Dreadnought, 30 Dublin, speed and armament, 134, 354; at Bizerta, 137-8, 153, 215; shadows Goeben 4 Aug., 138, 155- 65, 201-2, 215, 227, 291, 443; patrols west of Sicily, 139, 216; seeks Goeben 6-7 Aug., 141, 143, 173-82, 202-4, 208, 217, 224, 234, 276-7, 281-3, 285, 289-90, 308-9, 324, 371-3, 405, 407; at Dardanelles, 379, 428-9, 452, 459-60; also 144,148,167-8,171,184,191- 2, 199, 209-10, 213, 220-2, 248-9, 271, 275, 278, 289, 299, 312, 319, 322-3, 336, 348, 391, 401-2, 406, 410, 420, 447-8 Duke of Edinburgh, speed and armament, 134, 259, 265, 270-1, 351-4; also 84, 148-9, 151, 206, 210-11, 213-14, 222, 266, 275-6, 289,322,379,394,401,404,425,428 £rato, 164,166-7,211-12 Euryalus, 350 Formidable, 272 Foxhound, 134,183,185, 206, 213 Frederick Knight, 154 Ganges, 211-12 Glory, 414 Gloucester, speed and armament, 134; watches Adriatic, 136, 151-3, 158- 9,163, 206,215,274,288, 313, 368; watches Straits of Messina, 139-40, 163,165-7,169,172, 206, 216, 232, 256, 275, 289, 313, 318-19, 369; shadows Goeben 6-7 Aug., 141-3, 172-86, 203-4, 207-8, 217, 222-4, 228, 231, 233-6, 250, 262, 264, 266-7, 275-7, 279-81, 284-5, 289, 298, 304, 308-9, 315, 321-2, 334, 336, 342-4, 346, 348, 350, 357, 370-3, 383, 395, 398-9, 406, 408-9, 419, 443; at Dardanelles, 221, 379, 425, 429, 442-4, 449, 452; also 148-9, 157, 187-94, 199, 210, 213, 218-19,248,271,278,299,376,391, 394,397,401-2,420 Ships—continued British—continued Grampus, 134,163, 206, 213 Grasshopper, 134,153 Hampshire, 84 Harpy, 134,153,189 Hindu Kush, 461 Hogue, 364 Hussar, 137,154, 213, 215, 454 Imogene, 213 Indefatigable, speed and armament, 134; in Adriatic, 136, 214, 294; detached from Troubridge’s command, 136,153, 206, 215, 227, 255, 291,395,412; ordered to Gibraltar, 136, 153, 215, 288, 290, 296; shadows Goeben 4 Aug., 137-8, 155-64, 201-2, 215, 227, 255, 291, 313,443; patrols to 6 Aug., 139-40, 165,170,216,291,395; seeks Goeben 9-11 Aug., 198, 219-20; watches Dardanelles, 200, 221,425,428-30, 442, 444,449,452,456-60; also 84, 148-9,151,182,185, 213, 286, 306, 319, 321-2, 367, 378, 388, 394, 396, 409, 417, 448 Indomitable, speed and armament, 133-4; in Adriatic, 136, 214, 294; detached from Troubridge’s command, 136, 153, 206, 215, 227, 255, 291, 373, 395, 412; ordered to Gibraltar, 136, 153, 215, 288, 290, 296; shadows Goeben 4 Aug., 137-8, 155-64, 201-2, 215, 255, 291, 313, 443; patrols west of Sicily, 139, 165, 216; at Bizerta, 139-40, 169-71, 216, 222-3, 291, 319, 326, 378, 395; seeks Goeben 9-11 Aug., 198, 219-20; watches Dardanelles, 200,221,425,429,444, 449,455,457-8,460; also 29, 36,64, 84-5, 148-9, 151, 166, 182, 185, 213, 224, 231, 306, 317, 321-2, 367, 378,388,394,396,417,428,430,449 Inflexible, speed and armament, 133-4, 265; also 84,121,137,139-40,144, 148,153-4,163,165,168w., 169-70, 182, 185, 198, 200, 213, 215-16, 219-22, 247-8, 251, 286-7, 290, 298, 306-7, 311, 315-16, 320-2, 334, 368, 378, 381, 383, 388, 395-6, 417, 425 Invincible, 29, 84 Lion, 253 London, 272 Lord Nelson, 272 Malaya, 116,119,123 Mosquito, 134,183, 206 New Zealand, 36, 62, 64, 85,107,116 Osiris, 211-14,438,450,452 Paddington, 187 480 INDEX OF SUBJECTS Ships—continued British—continued Pegasus, 262, 264, 266 Petros, 187 Pincher, 134,165,187 Prince of Wales, 212 Racoon, 134, 183,206,213 Rattlesnake, 134,165,181 Renard,134,183,2Q6,449 St. Vincent, 84 Savage, 134,165,187,449 Scorpion, 134, 183,449 Scourge, 134,206,209, 388, 390,449 Shannon, 84 Suffolk, 15 Superb, 84 Swiftsure, 65, 331 Talbot, 242 Tiger, 116 Trevose, 166,112, 390 Trewyn, 186-7,197, 210-11, 219 Triumph, 65 Vanguard, 84 Vesuvio, 164, 166-7, 172, 187-8, 191- 2,195-7,211,218-19,390 Warrior, speed and armament, 134, 226, 249, 259, 265, 270-1, 322, 351-4; also 148-9,151,206,210-14, 222, 275-6, 278, 289, 312, 322, 374, 384, 386,401, 404,419,428-9,437- 8,449 Weymouth, speed and armament, 134; at Dardanelles, 204-5, 220-1, 388, 447-9; also 137,139-40,143-4,148, 153-4, 161, 163, 165, 182, 187, 193-8, 213, 215-20, 222, 274, 291, 312, 428 Wolverine, 134,163,168-9, 173, 175- 7,179,181,183-6,190,192-3, 206, 209, 390, 449 Yarmouth, 30 French: Amiral Charner, 199 Bruix, 199 Charlemagne, 430 Courbet, 121, 111, 192, 369, 438-9 France, 147 Ionic, 443 Jean Bart, 135,192 Latouche-Treville, 199 Paris, 147 St. Louis, 340 Suffren, 429,457-8 Verit^ 429, 457-8 German: Bogadir, 143 Breslau, speed, 135, 139, 166, 185, 216, 231-2; armament, 135, 264; for other references see Goeben Corcovado, 221, 436,443,451 Emden, 331 Ships—continued German—continued General, 139-40, 143, 158, 188, 220-1,436,443,451 Goeben, speed, 135, 138-9, 166, 185, 208, 216, 223, 227, 231-2, 236, 255, 257, 261-3, 268-9, 271, 302, 306, 308-10, 317, 370, 375, 419; armament, 135, 208, 227, 236, 247, 249-50, 259, 264-5, 270-1, 301-3, 306,326-62,375-7,386-7,401,404, 407, 409, 414-15, 419, 422; movements 1-10 Aug., 136-44, 147-86, 192,195,197-210, 213-37, 241-51, 255-84, 288-326, 337, 347-8, 365, 368-74,380-4,387-412,416; within Dardanelles, 144, 205, 221, 266, 425-8,434,436-7,441, 443, 445-7; ‘sold’ to Turkey, 144, 205, 221, 426-7, 433-6, 441, 443, 446; in Black Sea, 429-30; subsequent history, 430; also 116, 146, 413, 417-21, 431-2, 448-53, 455, 459 Kalymnos, 115 Koenigsberg (Konigsberg), 262, 264, 448 Konig Albert, 170,172 Lily Rickmers, 443, 451, 453 Lore ley, 143 Strassburg, 146,213 Waltraute, 207 Greek: Averoff, 221 Georgios Avaroff, 444 Italian: Andrea Doria, 129 Conte di Cavour, 129 Dante Alighieri, 129 Duilio, 129 Guilio Cesare, 129 Ischia, 205 Leonardo da Vinci, 129 Japanese: Asaki, 375 Turkish: Intibah, 461 Mideleh, see Breslau ‘sold’ to Turkey Sultan Osman, 427,433 Yavouz Sultan Selim, see Goeben ‘sold* to Turkey United States: Indiana, 458 Sicily, 58,136,139-41,151,156,165,215- 17, 263, 288, 291, 295-6, 316-17, 369, 387, 400 Sigri,221,452,461 Simons Bay, 54 Siphano Channel, 220 Skinari, Cape, 189 Skoda, 126 Smyrna, 76,143, 220,444, 454 INDEX OF SUBJECTS 481 Sofia (Sophia), 436,451 South Africa, 54-5, 74, 422 Spain, 4,13-16,18, 32, 76,146, 367 Spartiventb, Cape, 173,207,217,228,233, 275, 289, 320, 370 Spezia, 128 Stabilimento Technico, Trieste, 126-7,130 Sudan, xiii, 19, 77,105 Suez, xi, xv, 9,20,23,27, 53, 58,76-7,110, 115, 210, 222, 225, 428-31, 438 Swiftsure class battleships, 26, 38,46,48 Syra, 198, 219-20, 231 TABLE BAY, 54 Tamelos, Cape, 220 Taranto, xv, 111, 146-7, 206, 365-6 Tenedos, 221, 443,452,461-2 Theodosia, 429 Thermia, 220 Three-Power standard, 64 Thuringa class battleships, 331 Times (G.M.T. or local) used in signals, 133, 186,188, 246, 277, 279, 284-5, 292 Toulon,xi,xii, xv, 24, 111, 135,137-8,153, 192,199, 316 Trieste, 209, 211 Triple Alliance, 3-5, 7, 13-18, 20-2, 24, 28, 30, 34, 39-42, 44, 49, 53/i., 56-8, 63, 66,68-70,72,74,86-7,110,112,114-15, 135, 145 Triple Entente, 135,145,427,429,452 Tripoli, 9,14,18«., 20-1,460«. Tsushima, xiv Tunis, 58,111-12 Turkey and Second Mediterranean Agreement 1887, xi and Triple Alliance, 4, 6,17-18, 76 and Britain, 4,16-17, 21-2, 27, 60, 205, 427-9, 432-7, 441-2, 444-7, 450-1, 453-6 and Egypt, 9, 17-20, 27, 74, 76-7, 312, 428,430, 438, 453 and Russia, 16-17,426-7, 429-30, 432- 3,436-7,441,445-7,450-1 Turkey—continued and Germany, 17, 137, 140, 426-30, 432-7, 441-2, 445-7, 450-6, 459 and Italy, 18w., 21, 69, 77, 460 and France, 21, 426, 429, 432, 437, 442 and Austria, 82,178, 425-6,450 and Greece, 427, 433, 452 navy, 18, 204, 331, 374, 427, 429, 434, 441, 444, 452-6 destination of Goebenand Breslau, 137 and outbreak of war, 426-9, 433, 437, 441, 447/f., 453, 456 also 13, 312, 379 see also Constantinople; Dardanelles Two-Power standard, 62-3, 73 UNITED STATES, 62 VALETTA (VALLETTA), 152,296,412,417 Valona, 440 Vardiani Island, Cephalonia, 197 Vasilico Bay, Santa Maura, 141, 173,186, 211,347-8,388,390,395 Venice, 166 Viribus Unitis class battleships, 366 Vito, Cape, see St. Vito WAR COLLEGE, PORTSMOUTH, 350,356-7 War Orders for Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean No. 1, 114-15; No. 2, 112-13, 145, 163, 224-5, 247; also 255, 293-4 War Staff, Admiralty, memoranda by, 33, 50; also 413 Wilhelmshaven, 331 Wittlesbach class battleships, 38, 48 World Crisis, The (Churchill), 3, 413-14 ZANTE, 142, 168, 174, 181, 184, 195-6, 209-10, 212, 229, 276, 324, 347, 384-6, 394,402 Zaverda, 188-9,193 Zea, 220
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