Spencer was First Lord of the Admiralty 1794-1801, virtually throughout the wars against Revolutionary France, and his correspondence with officers and politicians is of central importance to the naval history of the times.
This volume covers 1797 and 1798, including the great mutinies, the abandonment and re-occupation of the Mediterranean, the battles of Camperdown and the Nile.
To read the whole book please Become A Member.
ABBEVILLE ABBEVILLE, 323 Abercromby, Lieut.-General Sir Ralph, 143, 262 Aboukir Bay, 470, 478, 481 Acre, 48 Acton, Sir John, 475 Adah*, Sergeant, letter from, 129 Adriatic, British squadron in, 48, 65, 85, 365, 380, 384, 390, 39i» 392, 395> 400 Africa, north coast as naval base, 420 Ainslie, Lieutenant, 79 Aix, Isle d’, 238 Ajaccio, 7, 8, n, 19, 20, 25, 42, 62, 68, 69, 74, 445 Alcudia (Aleuda) Bay, 489 Alexandria, French landing, 453. 455* 456> 459, 46o > 463> 464, 465, 469, 479 Algeciras, 78 Algiers, 6, 20, 48, 53, 63, 65, 211, 393, 431 Alicante, 10, 393 Alms, Captain, 132 Alner, Lieutenant, 74 Althorp, 103 Alvintzy, General Baron Nicholas de, 30 Amelonds, Island of, 336 America, commissioners in Paris, 324 ; intelligence obtained from American, 326 Amsterdam, 158 Ancona, 33 II. ARTHUR Apes’ Hill (Barbary Coast), 78 Aplin, Captain, 452 Appreciations: Man on Richery’s destination, 14; Spencer on Richery’s destination, 16 ; Spencer on withdrawal from Mediterranean, 70 Apthorpe, Captain, 340, 345 Aranjo, M. (Portuguese Minister in Paris), 415, 418, 421 Archibald, Lieutenant, 42 Archipelago, operations in, 8, 9, n, 463,464. See also Levant. Arden, Charles George, Lord (Lord Commissioner of Admiralty), no, 126, 127, 136 Armed vessels: in Mediterranean, 11 ; Palliser on, 246, 252, 254 Army: ist Foot (Royals), 64 ; loth, serving as marines, 25 ; i ith, serving as marines, 297 ; 23rd, at Ostend, 346 ; 25th, 354 ; 3oth, serving as marines, 25 ; 42nd, 484, 485 ; 44th, 462, 468, 469 ; 69th, serving as marines, 24; Regiment de Roll, 487. Co-operation with navy: Calvi, 487; with cruising squadrons, 288″; Ostend, 333, 343 ; Minorca, 488. Liability to Naval Discipline Act, 296, 297, 469. Militia Acts, 287 Arthur, Lieutenant Samuel, 161 K K 498 THE SPENCER PAPERS ARTOIS Artois, 323 Auckland, Lord, 354 Augustus, Prince (Duke of Sussex), 52 Austria, 9, 18, 324, 365, 373, 425, 438, 439, 440, 460, 463, 471, 477, 492 Aylmer, Captain, 403 BAUE, 435 Baltic, 181 Baraguay d’Hilliers, General, 448 Barbary, 6, 52, 393 Barcaza (lighter), 485 Barcelona, 37 Barfleur, 237, 320 Barham, Lord. See Sir Charles Middleton Barham Court, near Canterbury, 295 Baring & Mandroit, Messrs., 162 Barnes (mutineer), 170 Barnstaple, 289, 357 Barras, M., 325, 479 Bas, Isle of, 237 Basque Roads, 238, 251 Bastia : evacuation, 10, 55, 61, 64 Bath, 109 Bathurst, Commander, 457 Bayona Islands, 430 Bazely, Captain H., 344 Beachy Head, 306, 310, 311 Beatson, Robert, 322 Beaufoy, Lieutenant, 74 Beaulieu, General, 24 Beauport (Quebec), 260 Bedouins, 479 Belem Castle, 81 Belfast, 119, 291 Bequieres (Bequies) Bay, 470, 478, 481 Bergeret, Captain (Fr.), 219 Berkeley, Captain, 396 BOSCAWEN Berkeley, Captain Hon. G. C., i58 Berkeley, Captain V. C., 164, 165 Berlin, 418 Berry, Lieutenant, 55, 56, 57, 74; Captain, 92, 432, 478 Bexhill, 293 Bideford, 289 Billanders, 307 Bingham, Captain Joseph, 473 Birchall, Captain H., 340, 345 BischofTswerder, General, 418 Blackall, Rev., 160 Black Sea, as destination of Fr. squadron, 230; Russian squadron, see Russia Bland, Captain, 474 Blankenburg, 349 Blankett, Captain John, 215, 3i8, 395 Blemar (Aberdeenshire), 168 Bligh, Rear-Admiral, 35 Bligh, Lieutenant, 92 Bligh, Captain Wm., 122, 140 Blockade, Winter, Duncan on, 192 ; St. Vincent on, 5 Block House Fort, 156 Board of Admiralty, at Portsmouth, no, 115 ; at Sheerness, 136-44 Board of Ordnance, 246 Bologna, 33 Bonaparte Italian campaign, 30, 33 ; mission to Corsica, 47; on invasion of England, 223, 325 ; annotations to Popham, 306, 308, 309 ; Egyptian expedition, 426, 438, 448, 449, 450, 453, 454, 459, 465, 4^7, 476> 479 Bonifacio, Bocca of, 62, 68 Boom defence of Thames, 149, 150, 256 Bordeaux, 234, 278, 280 Boscawen’s operations in 1746, 273 INDEX 499 BOULOGNE Boulogne, 236, 243, 244, 275, 276, 278, 306, 307, 317 Bourgneuf, Bay of, 238 Bowater, Captain, 133 Bowen, Captain James, 212, 374» 377. 4<>5> 474 Bowen, Captain Richard, 73, 4*5 Bowpeep, 310 Bradley, Captain, 345 Brazil, Don John of (Prince Regent of Portugal), 82 Brazil fleet, 26 Brest, blockade in 1759, 357 ; unrest at, 379; blockade, 26, 40, 51, 81, in, 120, 140, 148, 159, 190, 229, 234, 251, 260, 270, 272, 275, 277, 278, 281, 300, 301, 312, 313, 316, 317, 322, 324, 357, 369, 379, 380, 381, 385, 386, 392, 406, 412, 440, 471, 486 Bridgnorth, 117 Bridport, Lord, 12, 109, in, I35» 139. *40> !48 > 155. I63> 179, 232, 312, 313, 316, 317, 405, 406, 412; Warren’s criticism, 139, 140 Brighthelmstone (Brighton), 279 Brille, 307 Bristol Channel, 290, 299 Britany, 51 ‘ British/ Duncan’s preference to ‘ English,’ 200 Brown, Mr. (pilot), 198 Brown, Captain W., 344, 346 Browne, Isaac Hawkins, M.P., 117 Brownrigg, Sir Robert, 141 Brownrigg, Lieutenant (R.E.), 346 Bruges Canal, 327 Bruix, Admiral (Fr.), 306 Buckner, Vice-Admiral, 133, I34> I 7I Bulteel, Captain R., 29 CANDIA Bulverhithe, 310 Burdett, Mr., 92 Burges, Captain, 131 Burrows, Lieutenant, 78, 79 Bute, Lord (British Ambassador in Madrid), 52 CABINET order, secrecy of documents, 213 Cachopos, 370, 374, 385 Cadiz, Man’s blockade, 5, 6, 9, 10, 22, 23, 26, 31, 32, 34, 35, 42 ; Man withdraws, 47, 49 ; Spanish sail, 84, 87, 93 ; St. Vincent’s blockade, 322, 329, 365, 366, 372, 373, 376, 378» 385, 386, 387, 392, 393, 395. 396, 397, 401, 4°2, 4°4> 411, 413, 417, 418, 421, 429, 430, 432, 434, 438, 439, 440, 441, 443, 447, 448, 451, 452, 453, 472, 475 ; Curtis’s blockade, 483, 484 ; plan of fleet’s anchorage, 404 ; bombarded, 366, 397, 411 Cadsand, 349, 355 Caen River, 273, 315, 316 Caffarelli, Colonel, 306 Calais, 234, 236, 243, 244, 275, 276, 278, 289, 307, 317, 354, 356 Calder, Sir Robert, 38, 44, 45, 81 ; knighted, 96, 97, 376, 379, 388, 389, 390 ; mistake, 396, 404 ; baronetage, 457, 472, 481 Calvi, 62, 68, 487 Camaret, 237 Camelford, Lieutenant Lord, letter from, 115 Campbell, Lieutenant, 21 Camperdown, Earl of, 178 Camphire (Campveere), 356 Campo Formio, treaty of. See Treaties. Candia, 456 5oo THE SPENCER PAPERS CANTERBURY Canterbury, 279, 295 Capel, Captain, 475 Cape of Good Hope, 16, 215 Capraja, island, 7 Captains, memorial for increased pay, 105, 109 Captain of the Fleet, 457, 472. See also First Captain. Caracca Co.’s ships, 386 Carcasses (bombs), 331, 341 Carlisle Bay, 14 Carnot, M., 325 Carraccas, 32 Cartels, 6, 379, 403 Carthagena, 10, 28, 53, 66, 365, 373, 39i, 393, 466 Carysfort, Lord, 55, 78 Caulneld, Captain, 377, 457 Cawsand Bay, 88, 91, 234, 279, 299, 30 J > 303 Cerigo, 377 Ceuta, 86 Channel fleet, mutiny, 104 ; j-. Admiralty memo, on, 299 ; strength, 433, 436 Chatham, Earl of, 127, 224 Chatham Yard, 136, 190, 406 Cherbourg, 234, 237, 243, 259, 275, 278, 289, 316 Chichester, 279 Chiene, Lieutenant, 74 Christian, Rear-Admiral Sir Hugh, 13, 180, 297 Churchill, Mr. (master shipwright), 387 Clark, Lieutenant, 41, 42 Cleland, Lieutenant, 193 Coblentz, 183 Cockburn, Captain George, 38, 69 Coffin, Commissioner Isaac, 20, 62, 385, 386 Coke, Mr., 477 Colchester, 280 Collingwood, Captain Cuthbert, 61, 366, 417, 418, 419 Colombine, Lieutenant, 10, 23 CURZON Colours, use of false colours by H.M. ships, 122; use of false colours by Dutch, 181; white flag used by mutineers, 126 Colpoys, Admiral, 81 ; confined by mutineers, 125, 126, 130, 299; nominated for Mediterranean, 443 Commodore’s share of prize money, 56 Concarneau, 237 Connolly, Lieutenant, 403 Constantinople, 324, 454, 464, 466, 467, 468, 482 Convoy, 272 Co-operation of services. See Army. Coote, Major-General Eyre, 336, 337* 343, 344, 345, 34^, 348, 35° Copenhagen, 151 Coppering ships, 457 Cordova, Admiral Don Jose de (Sp.), 390 Corfu, 437, 476 Cornwallis, Lord (Master General of the Ordnance), 141, 195, 268 Corse, Cape, 62 Corsica, evacuated, 12, 19, 24, 33, 37, 39, 47, 53, 58, 59, 61, 66, 71, 86; ‘ perfidious race,’ 211, 228, 370, 376, 378, 393, 397, 398, 445, 48l » 4^7 Courier newspaper, 325 Cregh, Mr., 208, 209 Croisic, 238 Crotoy, 307 Cubb, Captain, 183 Cumming, Captain, 393 Curtis, Sir Roger, 148, 153, 154 ; joins Duncan, 158, 180, 185, 230, 441 ; joins St. Vincent, 444, 451, 483, 491 Customs’ cutters in war, 248 Curzon, Captain, 62 INDEX CUTTERS Cutters, St. Vincent on, 442 Cuxhaven, 145 Cuyler, General, 24 DACRES, Captain, 44, 45, 74, 370 Dacres, Lieutenant, 473 Daendals, General, 184, 194 Dalrymple, Admiral, 165 Dane, Mr., 353 Darby, Captain, 447 Dardanelles, Passage of, 9, 458 Dartmouth, 279 Davies (mutineer), 170, 171 Davis, Lieutenant Lewis, 394 Day, Lieutenant, 413 Day, Captain, 442, 445 Deal, 288, 289, 306 De Burgh, General, 370, 376, 387 Deptford Yard, 246 Desbriere’s Pro jets et tentatives de debarquement, <&>c., quoted, 184, 194, 225, 287, 306. 323, 325 Deurloo Passage, 332 Devonshire, Captain, 394 Diamond Rock (Cadiz), 407 Dickson, Captain, 181, 183 Dieppe, 236, 243, 244, 276, 278, 307. 356 Digby, Captain, 473, 483 Dixon, Captain John (W. T.), !5i> 473 Dockyard abuses, St. Vincent on, 212 Dogger Bank action, 197 Donaghan, 292 Douarnenez Bay, 313 Douglas, Captain, 146 Dover, 279, 311, 338 Downman, Captain, 442 Downs Station, 233, 259, 271, 276, 279, 288, 289, 292, 299, 300, 303, 307, 308 DUNDAS Drake, Mr. Francis (British Minister at Genoa), 29, 30 Draper, Captain, 473, 483 Drummond, Lieutenant Wm., 69 Duckworth, Captain, 38, 483, 484, 487, 488 Duff, Mr., 22, 26, 39, 40 Duff, John, 168 Duncan, Lieutenant, 146 Dun can, Admiral Adam : Letters from, 121, 130, 132, 134, 137, 141, 145, 146, 148, 150, 152, 157, 179, 180, 182, 187, 189, 192, 194, 197; Letters to, 154, 184,191,200; Commander-in-Chief, North Sea, 104, 117, 118, 119, 137; deserted by fleet, 142, 146, 144, 145 ; circumstances of appointment, 177; tactics at Camperdown, 178, 197 ; asks retirement, 188 ; peerage, 184, 189, 195, 201, 202, 273 Dundas, General David, 227, 329 Dundas, Rt. Hon. Henry: Letters from, no, 195 ; on Cape as * Key to India/ 215 217 219 on prisoners of war, on Sir Sidney Smith, on invasion, 227, 232 ; on Palliser’s memorandum, 239, 261, 269, 285, 313, 316, 317, 325, 330 ; on Admiralty delay at Ostend, 332, 334 ; j on unremitting offensive, 351 ; on Ireland, 357, 397, 448 ; on India as French objective, 449, 450, 454, 462, 467; Letters to, 311, 319, 320, 334, 353, 455, 468, 470 ; from Lord Cornwallis, 268 ; mentioned, no, 141, 142, 177, 189, 201 ; appreciation of policy, 224, 225 ; memo. 502 THE SPENCER PAPERS DUNDAS on home defence, 233, 287, 295. 303. 336, 4OI » 4°8 > 426, 475 Dungeness, 270, 279, 308 Dunkirk, 233, 236, 243, 244, 248, 256, 262, 270, 275, 276, 278, 288, 293, 300, 307, 317, 327, 328, 331, 354, 355 Dunn, Lieutenant, 473 Dutch fleet, movements, 17, 145 Dutch wars (seventeenth century) : navigation of Thames in fog, 257 Dymchurch, 308 EASTBOURNE, 279 East Indies, threatened operations, 17 ; East India Board of Control, 449. See also India. Eastware Bay, 308 Eaton, William, 321 Ecclesbourne, 310 Eden, Sir Morten (British Minister at Vienna), 373, 418 Edinburgh, 168 Edmonds, Lieutenant, 250 Egypt, French invasion (1798), 230 ; ‘ the master key to all the commerce of the world ‘ (Dundas), 318, 324, 325, 426, 438, 448, 449 ; French landing, 454, 455, 470, 479, 481 Elba, 37, 47, 61, 376 Elliot, Lieutenant Edward, 69, 77 Elliot, Commodore, 161 Elliot, Mr. Gilbert (Viceroy of Corsica), 47, 61, 68, 373 Ellis, Lieutenant John, 54, 74 Ellison, Captain, 452 Elphinstone, Admiral (Lord Keith), 17, 215, 490 Elphinstone, Captain, 393 FLORENCE ‘ Enlistment for period of * invasion, 250 Espluge, Marquis, n Essex, 268, 280, 306, 307, 312 Estimates, Pitt on, 213 Etaples, 307 Etches, Richard Cadman, on invasion, 179 Evans, Lieutenant, 167 Exeter, birthplace of Parker, 160, 162 ; St. Mary Major, 160 ; St. Peter, 160 ; St. Sidwell, 160 Exmouth, 279 FAIRFAX, Captain Wm. Geo., 188, 198, 199 ; knighted, 201 Falmouth, 90, 104, 139, 140, 234, 279, 289, 303 Faro, 83, 483 Faulkner, Mr., court-martial, 29 Fecamp, 236, 307, 356 Ferrara, 33 Ferrol, 231, 371, 378, 385 Feversham, 279, 307 Fielding, Captain, 487 Finisterre, Cape, frigate squadron, 385 ; within Mediterranean command, 368, 431 Fire-ships, as cruisers, 218 First Captain, offered to Duncan, 185, 190, 191 ; Orders in Council, 188 ; to St. Vincent, 472, 494. See also Captain of the Fleet. Firth of Forth, 290 Fishguard, French raid, 456 Fitzgerald, Lieutenant, 297 Fitzgerald, Lord Edward, Irish rising, 262 Flat-bottomed boats, described, 253 Florence, 387 INDEX 503 FLUSHING Flushing, projected attack on, 196, 225, 231, 293, 307, 327, 330, 33*. 336, 337. 349, 353. 354. 355. 356 Foley, Captain Thos., 94, 371, 378» 385. 389. 447> 486 Folkestone, 279, 308 Fonnereau, Mr., 29 Foote, Captain E. J., 371, 386, 448 Foreign service, cost compared with home station, 216 Forfait, M., 323 Fornali, 21, 63, 67 Fornelles, 488, 489 Fort Moncton, 114 Fowey, 279, 334 Fraser, General, 475 Frederick, Captain Thos. Lennox, 42 Frederick, Admiral, 371, 388, 389, 417, 487 Freemantle, Captain, 30, 62, 65. 68, 376, 387, 395, 398 Frigates, St. Vincent on lack of, 5, 483, 491 ; ‘ videttes to the fleet/ 53 ; Palliser on duties of, 273 ; Nelson’s lack of, 446, 447 GAGE, Lieutenant, 394, 402 Gage, Lord, 402 Galles, Vice-Admiral Morard de (Fr.), 406, 412 Galleys, use in Straits of Dover, 311 Gambia River, ceded, 161 Gambier, Admiral (Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty), 70, 191, 240 Ganteaume, Admiral (Fr.), 6, n Gardner, Sir Alan, 116, 117 Gata, Cape de, 10, 73, 447 Gauntlett, Lieutenant, 74 Gayton, Admiral, 167 Genoa, 12, 55, 211, 438, 445 GRENVILLE Gentili, General, 64 George Inn (Portsmouth), 112 Germany, 380, 476 Gibraltar, 7, 9, 10, 18, 22, 24, 27. 29, 36, 38, 4 1 . 42, 47. 49. 50, 51, 54, 59, 60, 65, 66 ; as base, 70, 72-76, 81, 83 ; works needed, 211, 376; preferred to Vigo, 392 ; privateers, 393, 394, 396, 397, 398, 406, 429, 430, 443, 442, 446, 462, 468, 474, 475 ; St. Vincent at, 483-7 Gibson, Lieutenant John, 25, 414 Giffard, Captain, 63, 73 Glenan Islands, 237 Goodall, Vice-Admiral S. C., 6, 297 Goodwin Sands, 307, 308 Gordon, General, 320 Govers, 310 Grahame, Colonel (Lord Lynedoch), 373 Grant, Rev., 169 Grant, Sir Archibald, 169 Granville, 237, 275, 278 Gravelines, 233, 272, 30.7, 317 Gravesend, 134, 149, 157, 256, 257 Gravina, Admiral (Sp.), 378,407 Greenwich Hospital, Governor, 239 Greenwich Park, Rangership asked by St. Vincent, 402 Gregory, Mr., 38 Gregory (mutineer), 170, 172, 173 Grenville, Lord: Letters from, i95> 373. 458, 463. 482; letters to, 433; letter to Dundas, 329; mentioned, 141, 287, 330, 415, 418, 426, 449, 450, 455 Grenville, Thomas : Letters from, 196, 481 ; on driving the country, 358 504 THE SPENCER PAPERS GREY Grey, General Sir Charles, on naval defence, 292, 295, 306, 313, 314, 316, 318, 319, 333 ; to Mr. Huskisson, 336, 348 ; attempted censure by Commons, 401 Grey, Captain George, 80, 457, 472, 481. Griffiths, Captain Edward, 125, 130 Grigs, Robert, 328 Groix, Isle de, 237 Guadeloupe, Cape, 16 Guardships, abolition recommended by St. Vincent, 210, 403 Guernsey, 307, 315, 320 Gunby, William, 131 Gunfleet, 259 HABBAGIN (Quartermaster), 157 Halifax, N.S., 210 Hall, Captain J. S., 94 Halliday, Mr., 20 Hallowell, Captain, 78, 79, 93, 94, 447, 481 Hamburg, contribution, 324 Hamburg, mails, 8, 456, 492 Hamilton, Captain, 377 Hamilton, Lady Jane, 177 Hamilton, Sir William, 52, 494 Hamond, Captain Sir Andrew Snape, 216 Hardy, Lieutenant, promotion, 4 J3 Harness, Dr., 20 Hart, Sir John, 83 Hartwell, Captain F. J. (Commissioner at Chatham), 171, 393 Harvey, Lord, 84 Harvey, Rear-Admiral Henry, 143 Harwich, 145, 280 Haslar Hospital, 161 Hastings, 279, 293, 310, 414 HOTHAM Havannah, 40 Havre, 236, 243, 244, 245, 259, 272-6, 278, 300, 306, 307, 312, 315-7* 321 ; Strachan’s bombardment, 322-3, 325, 353, 354, 356 Hay, Captain, 483 Heathcote, Lieutenant Henry, 42, 39i, 394 Heathcote, Sir William, M.P., 42 > 39i Heatly, Mr. (Agent Victualler), 63 Helvoet-Sluys, 307 Herbert, Lieutenant Charles, 394» 405 Herne Bay, 293 Hertford, Marquis of, 383, 388, 393 Hervey, Lord, 42 Hoche’s expedition to Ireland, 3, 51, 183, 194 Hockless (mutineer), 170 Hodierne, 237 Holland, threatened invasion from, 51, 251 ; Gazette Extraordinary, 354 Holloway, Captain, 126, 297 Hood, Lord, 7, 12, 162, 366, 487 Hood, Captain Sir Alexander. See Bridport, Lord. Hood, Captain Alexander, 12, 126, 163, 168, 486 Hood, Captain Samuel, n, 12, 21, 54, 63, 68, 84, 85, 94, 447, 486 Hooksledge, 309, 310 Hope, Captain Charles, 190, !93> 395> 472 > 477 Hoste, Captain, 474, 477, 478 Hotham, Admiral, 5, 6, 8, 400, 401 Hotham, Captain Henry, 6, 10, 38 Hotham, Captain William, 130, 316 INDEX 505 HOWE Howe, Lord, 43 ; signals, 53, 95, 109, 208, 212; dealings with mutineers, 129, 133,143, 205, 206; operations in 1758, 273; his prizes (1794), 411,412 Hudson (mutineer), 171 Hughes (mutineer), 170 Hull, 334 Humbert, General, surrender, 456 Hunter, Captain, 161 Huntley, Lord, regiment, 12 Huskisson, Mr., 314, 318, 330, 333, 336, 353, 357, 397 Hyeres, Island of, 30, 68 Hythe, 279; military canal, 308 INDIA, withdrawal of squadron recommended by St. Vincent, 211 ; threatened by Napoleon, 324, 426, 449, 455, 461 ; French India Company, 280. See also East Indies. Inglefield, Commissioner, 73, 4°5, 485 Intelligence, circulated to Cabinet, 305 ; memorandum of, 322 Invaliding home, St. Vincent on, 20, 24 Invasion, papers, 221-361 ; from the Texel, Duncan on, 179, 182, 183; threat in 1745, 244, 275. Memoranda : Young, 228; Dundas, 233, 285 ; Palliser, 240, 273 ; Middleton, 269; Spencer, 303 ; Popham, 306 ; Grenville, 358 Ipswich, 280 Ireland, Hoche’s expedition, 3, 6, 51 ; Irish mutineers in fleet, 119, 400; strategic aspect of, &c., 262, 281, 287, 290, 291, 301, 312, 313, 323, JERVIS 324, 329, 334 ; union, 354 ; rebellion, 357, 365, 369, 398, 426 ; strength of squadron off, 433, 436, 438, 440, 442, 445 ; French raid, 456 ; Parliament, 458, 469, 471 ; Irish wherry fitted out by Richery, 5. Irwin, Captain John, 92 Ischia, 448 Isle of France, French rendezvous, 16, 17 Isle of Man, prisoners of war in, 218 Isle of Wight, 279, 284, 289, 300. 357 Italy, campaign in north, 365, 380, 384, 430, 461, 471, 476, 492 JACKSON, Mr. (Master), 38, 80 Jamaica, 15, 471 James, Captain, 474 Jersey, 307, 315, 317, 320, 323 Jervis, Sir John (Earl of St. Vincent): Letters from, 5,10, 18, 23, 29, 37, 41, 46, 51, 52, 54, 58, 67, 71, 73, 75, 78, 80, 82, 85, 91, 93, 98, 372, 374, 376, 377, 384. 387> 39 1 , 394, 396> 400, 401, 402, 405, 410, 411, 413, 414, 416, 417, 418, 420, 421, 429, 441, 446, 447, 452, 472, 483, 484, 486, 487 ; Letters to, 7, 57, 64, 69, 75, 77, 81, 95, 369, 379, 383, 388, 39S, 408, 411, 415, 419, 432, 437, 444, 453, 457, 459, 489, 49i, 495 ; letter to Cardinal Zeludi, 33 ; 3 ; appreciation of officers, 4, 21, 37-8, 42, 92 ; promotion of relative, 11; Man on, 13, 15, 27, 39, 40 ; quitting Mediterranean, 48-51, 56, 58-9 ; praise, 65, 66, 73, 74 ; THE SPENCER PAPERS KANDY, 141 Keith, Lord. See Elphinstone, Admiral. Kennaway, Mr., 162 Kent, 268, 306, 312 Keppel, Lord, 239 Kerr, Lord Mark, 91, 376, 377, 390 Killwick, Mr., 20 King, Admiral Sir Richard, j 208 ! King George III, H.M : Letters I from, 124, 136, 137, 144, ! 155. 159, 173. *74> 202, 315, I 337 ; Letters to, 109, 123, 136, 143 ; visit to fleet, 214 conversations with Dundas, 332 Knowles, Sir Charles, 54, 97, 377> 378, 385* 389, 402, 410 JERVIS ‘ school’ for officers, 78, 86- 90; health, 91; created an earl, 96, 98, 144, 164 ; Duncan’s praise, 179, 185, 186, 205, 206; sketch of peace establishment, 209, 217, 224, 230, 231, 365, 366, 367. 373. 383; title, 384, 3&S, 393 ; care of a ‘ child of the service,’ 393 ; interference in love affair, 394 ; circumstances of Mediterranean appointment, 397, 401,’ 408 ; off Cadiz, 388- j 417 ; at Lisbon, 418 ; ill- | health, 421, 425, 426 ; 432, 443, 448 ; thanks of Irish Parliament, 458, 462, 467, 470 ; ashore at Gibraltar, 485 Johnson, Lieutenant, 164 Joliffe, Mr., 394 Joubert, General (Fr.), 9 Justice, Lieutenant, 169 I/ORIENT LA CROSSE, Rear-Admiral (Fr.), 316 Laforey, Sir Francis, 316 Lagos, 91, 92, 430, 483 La Hogue, 237, 320 Lakin, Captain, 21 Land’s End, 300 Langara, Admiral Don Juan de (Sp.), 26, 28, 32, 40, 49, 59, 378 Langnez Point, 310 le Despencer, Lady, 69 Lee, Lieutenant, 92, 377 Leghorn, 6, 8, 10, n, 19, 24, 25, 30, 42, 47, 61, 62, 69, 211, 400 Lempiere, Mr. (Vice-Consul at Faro), 83 Leoben, convention of. See Treaties. Levant, 445, 456, 459, 461, 462, 470, 474, 486. See also Archipelago. Lewen, Lieutenant, 346 Lewes, 279 Lieutenant’s pay, increase, 106 Lille, peace negotiations, 210, 213 Lindsay, Captain Sir Charles, 91, 376, 390 Lisbon, 12, 22, 51, 76, 81, 87, 217, 366, 367* 37°> 372, 385. 387, 389, 39i, 392, 395> 396, 397, 411, 415, 418, 420 ; St. Vincent at, 425, 431, 434, 446, 447, 462, 483, 490 Linzee, Vice-Admiral Robert, 29, 35> 74> l62, 297 Linzee, Captain Samuel Hood, ii Loano, 18 Lodi, 30 Loire River, 238 Lombardy, 37 London, 281, 284, 390 Long Reach, 150 L’Orient, 237, 278 INDEX 5<>7 LOUGHBOROUGH Loughborough, Lord (Lord Chancellor), letter from, 133 Louis, Captain, 447 Lucas, Captain Richard, 163,164 Lucas, Admiral (Dutch), 17 Lucchesini, Mme de, 418 Luce, Captain, 209 Luttrell, Captain Hon. Jas., 161 Lynedoch, Lord. See Grahame, Colonel. MACEDONIA, 476 McHardy, George, 168 Macintosh, Captain (marines), 118 McKellar, Captain, 345, 346 Mackenzie, Captain (ist Foot), 64 Madrid, 83, 143, 378, 421, 490 Mahrattas, 324 Maitland, Lieutenant, 73 Majorca, 489 Makarov, Vice-Admiral (Russia), 138 Malaga, 393 Maldon, 307, 334 Malmesbury, Lord, 210, 213, 4i5 Malta, taken by French, 427, 448, 454, 460, 461, 470, 476 Mamelukes, 479 Man, Admiral Robert: Letters from, 12, 22, 25, 28, 30, 39, 50, 58, 86, 89 ; Letters to, 16, 34, 36, 49, 66, 88 ; detached off Cadiz, 3, 5, 6, 10 ; appreciation, 13, 14 ; asks relief, 25, 27, 28 ; rejoining Jervis, 31, 40 ; permission to return home, 34 ; his ‘ imaginary ills/ 42 ; rejoins Jervis, 47, 49 ; ordered back, 50, 57 ; cut off—decision to return home, 59, 62, 65 ; relieved by Admiral Thompson, 66, 68, 70 ; Jervis’s comments, MEDITERRANEAN 71, 72, 73, 74; Spencer’s comments, 75-8, 370 ; arrival home, 86, 297 Manning shortage, 436 Mantua, 373 Margate, 259, 279, 308, 334, 356 Marines, participation in mutinies, 113, 118,119, 121, 125, *33. J 38 ; St. Vincent on corps, 213 ; Barham’s suggestion of withdrawal, 271 ; augmentation, 399. See also Army, and Naval Brigade. Marlborough, Duke of, operations in 1758, 273 Marsden, Mr. (Secretary of Admiralty), 136 Marseilles, 13, 20 Marsh, Captain, 91, 378 Marshall, Rev., 160 Marshalsea prison, 159 Martin, Captain George, 92, 396 Martinique, 14, 151, 401 Mascara, Bey of, 393 Massa-Carrara, duchy of, 12 Massena, General (Fr.), 9 Master, Mr., 53 Mayo, French raid, 456 Mazarredo, Admiral Don Jos6 de, 28, 378, 387, 390, 392, 395. 397. 398 Medal for action off St. Vincent, 95. 98, 389 Mediterranean, papers concerning, 3-100, 365-495 ; station extended to include Portugal, 70; St. Vincent on command, 211, 443 ; Spencer on our numerical inferiority, 321 ; necessity of British squadron within, 373, 425, 438 ; sweep suggested, 420, 430,434; strength of French fleet, 437 ; orders for detachment, 439; proposed subdivision of station, 465 THE SPENCER PAPERS MEDWAY Medvvay, 293 Megavissey Bay, 279 Menses, Rear-Admiral (Dutch), 199 Merlin of Douay, 325 Messina, 435, 448 Mexico, Viceroy of, 372 Middleton, Lord, 374 Middleton, Lieutenant, 374, 377 Middleton, Sir Charles (Lord Barham), 191, 377 ; on invasion, 224, 269 Middleton, Captain Robert Gambier, 377 Milford, 234, 299, 321 Miller, Lieutenant, 442 Miller, Captain Ralph Willett, 47> 48, 55, 371, 403, 447 Minchin, Captain Paul, 168 | Minorca, 53, 72, 427, 462, 466, I 475 ; captured, 483-93 Modena, 12 Mogadore, 393 Montague, Admiral, 161 Moore (mutineer), 170 Moore, Sir John, Diary quoted, 487 Morea, 454, 476 Morlaix, 275 Morning Chronicle, 325 Morris, Captain, 397 Mortar boats, use of, 283, 410, 411 Mortella Bay and Tower, 63, 68, 228 Morton, Mr. (Master), 79 Mosse, Captain, 169 Moundegrez Road, 273 Mundy, Lieutenant, 452, 473 Murray, Captain Sir Geo., 92, j 447, 486, 494 Muskeyn, Captain (Fr.), 316 Mutiny Papers, 101-74 Mutiny in Cadiz squadron (British), 399, 410 Mykonos, 18 NANTES, 278, 280 Naples, n, 37, 52, 211, 230, 317, 321, 324, 395, 425, 427, 430, 435. 437. 438, 448 > 45 6 > 460 ; proposed treaty, 463, 464, 465, 470, 474, 475, 477, 492 Naval Brigade, landed at St. Marcou, 335 ; landed at Ostend, 343, 344, 346; landed at Minorca, 488. See also Marines. Naval Officer, use of term, 394 Navy Board, 405, 411, 457 Needles, 285 Nelson, 4; declines appointment, ii ; off Genoa, 12, 18 ; Commodore, 21, 30, 37, 38, 47, 48, 57; 315. 327, 328, 330 ; operation orders, 339, 349, 353, 354 Ouzley Bay, 280 Oxford, Earl of, 393 PAGET, Captain Hon. Charles, 200 Paimboeuf, 238 Paine, Tom, 241, 256, 324 Pakenham, Captain Hon. Thomas, 105, 108 Palliser, Admiral Sir Hugh, on invasion, 223, 239, 240, 273 Pantellaria, 448 Paris, 236, 324, 366, 420 Parker, Admiral Sir Hyde, acting commander-in-chief Mediterranean, 3, 6, 8, 25 ; to relieve Man, 34, 35, 36, 37, 73, 86, 89, 90, 297, 370 Parker, John, 160 Parker, Sir Peter, 167, 168 , THE SPENCER PAPERS PARKER Parker, Richard (mutineer), widow’s pension, 103, 132, 150 ; assassination suggested, 152 ; surrenders, 154, 156 ; body hung in chains, 159 ; declaration, 160-73 Parker, Rear-Admiral Sir William, 3, 78, 92, 97, 206, 371, 375, 385, 473, 487 ; criticises Nelson, 98-100 Parliament, thanks for action off St. Vincent, 95 ; vote of censure on Jervis and Grey, 401 Parr, Captain Thomas, 117 Parry, Mr. (Surgeon), 25, 35 Passaro, Cape, 453 Patman (mutineer), 170, 171 Patrimonia, 63 Patterson (mutineer), 170 Patton, Rear-Admiral Philip, 191 Paulet, Lord Henry, 473 Payne, Captain John Willet, in Peace negotiations, Cabinet bound to secrecy, 213 Peace, Prince of, 83 Pearce, Thomas, 156 Peard, Captain Shuldham, 370, 385 Pelee, Isle, 237 Pelham, Lady Catherine, 402 Pellew, Sir Edward, 219, 300 Peniscola, 489 Pevensey, 293, 310 Peyton, Captain, 447, 485 Peyton, Admiral, 348 Phillips, Captain (army), 12 Picardy, 323 Piedmont, 37, 400 Pierrepont, Lord, 74 Pierrepont, Mr., 74, 394 Pierrepont, Captain Charles Herbert, 316, 474 Pierrepont, Captain William, 3i> 32, 316 PORT Pinto, Mme., 418 Pinto, M., 416, 418, 419 Pitt, Wm. (Prime Minister) : Letters from, 115, 149, 213 ; Letters to, 116, 301 ; mentioned, no, 141, 142, 195, 216, 227, 232, 239, 295, 330; fights duel, 354, 425, 433 Pitt Level, 309 Plymouth, 104, in, 113, 139, 140 ; hospital, 161, 208, 258, | 271, 279, 354, 390, 400, 403, i 45 1 ! Pococke, Sir George, 417 Poland, 324, 476 Pole, Rear-Admiral C. M., 155 Pombeiro, Count de, 418 Pont 1’Abbe, 237 Pool, 279 Pope, The (Pius VI), British protection for, 33 Popham, Captain Home : Letters from, 314, 326, 337, 338» 347» 348» 349; Letters to, 330> 33!> 339 ; on invasion, 224, 225, 262, 268, 306; Ostend expedition, 295, 313, 314, 316, 318; Admiralty objection to appointment, 319 ; operation orders, 339, ‘ 336, 35 J > 353, 354; Scheldt memorandum, 355 Porchester Castle, 218 Porlier, M. (Spanish Charge at Lisbon), 392 Port Admirals, hoisting flag, 403 | Portland, 234, 258, 279, 289, 299* 300, 303 Portland, Duke of, 195 Port L’Orient, 280 Porto Ferrajo (Elba), 37, 47, 61, 68, 72, 96, 366, 376, 391, 393, 395> 397> 398 Porto Rico, attack by Admiral Harvey, 141, 143 Port Patrick, 291, 292 INDEX PORTSMOUTH Portsmouth, 105, 109, no, 115, 116, 129, 130, 133, 271, 297, 332, 356> 390, 4°°> 4°3. 47 1 > boom defence of, 256 Portugal, 3, 6, 47, 70 ; navy, 71, 76, 81 ; unready, 82, 365, 366 ; French pressure, 367, 37 1 * 378» 382, 385 ; troops for, 397; French treaty signed, 415 ; St. Vincent on, 416, 418, 420, 421, 426; pusillanimity, 431, 432, 438, 442, 443, 445 ; fleet in Mediterranean, 453, 474, 475, 492, 493 Post Office packets, position in war, 250 Powder, French, inferiority, 323 Power, Lieutenant, 125 Press censorship in France, 325 Preston, CaptainD’Arcy, u, 20 Price, Lieutenant, 338 Pridham, Mr., 394 Priestley (author), 241 Prisoners of war, at Porchester Castle, 217, 218; at Plymouth, 209 ; prison ships, 218 Privateers, n, 250, 393, 431, 483 Prize money, 13, 56, 478 Proby, Lord, 55, 72, 73, 78 Proby, Midshipman, 482 Providence Harbour, 309 Prowse, Captain, 91 Prussia, 324 Pulteney, Sir Jas. M., 333, 334 Purvis, Captain, 69, 74 Purvis, Mr. (M.P.), 371, 372, 386 Pybus, Mr., proposed Order of Naval Merit, 205 QUEBEC, 239, 256, 260 Queen’s Channel, 257, 307 RYE Quiberon Bay, 238, 251 Quota men, 132 RADSTOCK, Lord. See Waldegrave, Vice-Admiral Wm. Ramsgate, 308 Raper, Captain, 346 Reculver, 294 Redmill, Captain Robert, 54, 73 Red Sea, British squadron suggested, 449 Reijntjes, Vice – Admiral (Dutch), 199 Retalick, Captain, 474 Rhe, Isle of, 238 Richards, Lieutenant, 164-7 Richery, Rear-Admiral de, 5, 9, 13-15, 17, 22, 26, 39, 40, 49 ; sailed from Cadiz, 59, 87 Rivellata, Cape, 62, 68 Roben, Marquess de, 442 Rochefort, 234, 238, 278 Rochelle, 238, 278 Rochester, 136 Rodney, Lord, 237, 273, 417 Rodrigo de Souza, Don, 94, 372, 416, 474 Rolles, Lieutenant, 164 Romney, 308 Roscoff, 237 Rosia Bay, 75, 79, 211, 443 Rota Bay, 403, 405, 410, 411, 414 Rotterdam, 62 Rousseau, J. J., 241 Roxburgh, Duke of, 131 Russia, co-operation in North Sea, 138, 433, 425.; Black Sea squadron, 427, 456; Passage of Dardanelles, 458, 463 ; Turkish alliance, 461, 463* 465 ; fleet in Mediterranean, 492 Ryder, Lieutenant, 84, 85 Rye, 279, 293, 309 512 THE SPENCER PAPERS SABLES SABLES d’Olonne, 238 St. Cast, landing in 1758, 259 St. Domingo, 14, 471, 472 St. Gilles, 238 St. Helens, 259, 279, 285, 299, 300, 303 St. Ives, 290 St. Malo, 234, 237, 258, 273, 275, 278, 280, 312 St. Marcou (or Marcouf), 234, 300, 315, 316, 334, 338 St. Maries, Cape, 59 St. Mary’s Road, Scilly, 301 St. Mathieu, 237 St. Martin (Isle de Rhe), 238 St. Nazaire, 238 St. Pietro d’Arena, 55 St. Sebastian, 386 St. Valery, 236, 307, 356 St. Vincent, Cape, 5, 59, 80, 93, 372 St. Vincent, battle off, 91; Duncanon, 179,365; ‘ tumultuous joy ‘ at Brest, 379 ; prizes, 405, 411, 412, 417 St. Vincent, Earl of. See Jervis, Sir John. Saldanha Bay, 17 Sandgate Castle, 308 San Fiorenzo, 7, 8, 12, 18, 21, 30, 40, 51, 59 ; evacuated, 63, 64, 67, 68, 72, 211 Santa Cruz, Nelson’s attempt on, 413-15 Sardinia, 9, 19, 20; French treaty, 37, 63, 324, 430 Saumarez, Sir James, 92, 474 Saunders, Sir Charles, 239, 260 Scheldt River, 349, 355 Scherer, General (Fr.), 9 Schoots, 307 Scilly Isles, 91, 262, 290, 299- 301, 303 ; base for Channel Fleet, 313, 494 Scotland, Duncan’s company drawn from, 193 Scott, Captain, 133 SHIPS Scurvy in Mediterranean Fleet, 19, 25 Sea fencibles, 294, 304-6, 311, 334» 335 Seaford, 279 Sea Reach, 259 Seine River, 237, 312, 323 Selsey Bill, 311 Seymour, Lord Hugh (Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty), 41, 70, 148, 240, 377> 442 Sheerness, 133, 136, 141-4, 150, 246, 293 Shepheard, Lieutenant, 42 Ships, St. Vincent on size of, 212 Ships :— Active (cutter), 194 Acute, 340, 341, 346 Adamant, 130, 135, 146, 147, 151, 316 Admiral de Vries, 469 Agamemnon, 154, 156, 183 Agincourt, 142, 143, 194 Aigle, 85, 386 Albatross, 133 Alcmene, 473 Alexander, 441, 475, 478 Alliance (store ship), 53 America, 215 Amphion, 16 Andromache, 16, 393, 395 Ardent, 131 Argo, 94, 483 Argus (lugger), 414 Ariadne, 340, 342-5 Arno of Exeter, 162 Arrogant, 163 Asp, 340, 341 Assurance, 164, 165, 167 Audacious, 75, 399, 403, 473 Aurora, 41, 474, 477 Barfleur, 21, 25, 43, 92, 97, 37 1 * 385 Beaulieu, 180 INDEX 513 SHIPS Ships—continued Bedford, 185, 190 Belette, n Bellerophon, 399, 403, 447, 485 Belliqueux, 135, 141, 142 Biter, 340, 341 Blanche, n, 62, 394 Blazer, 340, 342, 345 Blenheim, 93, 162, 371, 475 Blonde, 31, 32, 42 Bombay Castle, 62, 80, 85 Bonne Citoyenne, 474 Boston (store ship), 9, 18, 397 Bounty, 122 Boxer, 340, 346 Britannia, 42, 84, 94, 97, 37 J > 375> 376, 378, 384, 390, 392, 398, 4°2, 4 10 Buckle, 194 Bull Dog, 161, 162 Cacafuego (mortar), 413 Caesar, 93, 185 Cambridge, 209 Camel (store ship), 75, 377 Camelion, 52 Captain, 38, 47, 55-57, 61, 63, 68, 74, 93, 94, 96, 385, 387, 389, 403, 4io Carnatic, 212 Castor, 29, 42 Champion, 340, 341 Chichester, 10 Circe, 340, 342-4 Colossus, 93, 446, 447, 475, 486, 494 Comet, 54, 377 Courageux, 78 Courageux (Fr.), 212 Cracker, 340, 341, 346 Crash, 340, 341, 346 Culloden, 62, 79, 84, 91, 93» 94> 4 J 3> 447> 472 » 475, 478, 479, 480 Cyclops, 12 II. SHIPS Ships—continued Dart, 340, 341, 344 Defence, 65, 90, 447, 485 Diadem, 38, 47, 61, 68, 297, 386, 410 Diamond, 316 Dido, 6, 10 Director, 122, 156 Dolphin (hospital ship), 53 Dover, 471 Dromedary, 9 Druid, 340, 342-5 Duke, 126 Earl St. Vincent (cutter), 478 Eclair (Fr.), 34 Egmont, 61, 385, 410 El Corso, 418, 429, 474 Emerald, 396, 413 Espoir, 474 Excellent, 61, 475 Expedition, 320, 336, 337, 339, 340, 342, 344. 348, 462, 468, 469 Flora, 377, 390, 418 Fortune, 73 Formidable, 158, 185, 187, 190, 192, 193 Fortitude, 228 Fortune, 377 Fox, 25, 52, 413 Furnace, 340, 342, 346 Galatea, 139 Ganges, 161 Garland, 146 Gibraltar, 25, 379 Glatton, 135, 154, 181, 183 Goliath, 24, 54, 385, 447, 486 Gorgon, 42, 151 Gournier (mortar), 413 Hamadryad, 396, 405 Harpy, 340, 342, 344 Haughty, 174 Hazard, 121 Hebe, 163, 168, 340, 342- 345 LL 514 THE SPENCER PAPERS SHIPS Ships—continued Hecla, 340, 342 Hector, 91 Hercule (Fr.), 486 Hope (lugger), 55 Hydra, 316 Impetueux, in Inconstant, 62, 212, 394 Indefatigable, 219 Inflexible, 172 Intrepid, 143 Iris, 156 Irresistible, 336, 378, 396 Isis, 194 Joseph (cutter), 391, 395 Jupiter (Dutch), 199 Juno, 85 Kingfisher, 316, 474 Kite, 340, 341, 344 Lancaster, 141, 142 Leander, 413, 447, 480, 483 Leith (tender), 169 Leopard, 156, 157 Leviathan, 39, 139, 483, 484, 489 Lion, 134, 135, 142, 156, 340, 342, 346 Lively, 7, 73, 74, 94> 383, 389 London, 124-6, 130, 191 Lowestoft, 80 Magnanime, n Mahonesa, 73, 74, 405 Majestic, 447, 472, 477, 485 Mars, 126, 486 Mediator, 161 Meleager, 38, 393, 395 Mignonne, 47, 63, 73 Minerva, 340, 342-6, 350 Minerve, 38, 69, 96 Minotaur, 447 Monarch, 200 Monmouth, 155 Montague, 137, 141, 147, 156 Mutine, 11,41,474,478,480 SHIPS Ships—continued Naiad, 142, 316 Namur, 78 Nassau, 135, 138, 145, 156 National (Fr.), 5 Nemesis, n, 20 Neustra Senora del Rosario, 404, 405 Niger, 79, 371 Ninfa (Sp.), 396 Orion, 378, 441, 475 Pallas, 62, 391, 395 Penelope, 30 Peterel, 34, 38, 41, 52, 69, 73, 77, 377, 457, 4§7> 488 Pomone, 139 Pompee, 135, 159 Postilion, 20 Poulette, ii Prince, 185, 187, 190, 444, 491 Prince Adolphus, 418 Prince George, 78, 93, 371, 473 Princess Royal, 25, 69, 151, 452, 473 Queen Charlotte, 113, 114, 116, 212 Queen of Naples, of Exeter, 162 Ramilies, 151 Raven, 68, 69 Republicaine (Fr.), 6 Repulse, 132 Resolution, 10, 22, 23 Robust, 457 Roehind (armed cutter), 395 Romulus, 395, 405 Rosario, 405 Royal George, 113, 405 Royal Sovereign, 113 Royal William, 125, 167, 168 Russell, in, 148, 158, 181, 183, 198 Sabina (Sp.), 96 INDEX 515 SHIPS Ships—continued St. Albans, 81 St. Fiorenzo, 134 St. George, 25, 74, 84, 94, 97, 370, 374, 376> 385, 390, 392, 4 10 Sandwich, 152, 154, 155, 164, 169, 170, 173 San Josef, 377 Sans Pareil, 148, 150, 158, 185, 187, 189 Santa Elena (Sp.), 396 Santissima Trinidad, 94, 374 San Ysidro, 376, 377 Sardine (Fr.), captured, n, 20, 34 Saturn, 20, 35, 90, 91 Savage, 340, 342, 343 Seahorse, 413, 446, 448 Sensible (Fr.), captured, n, 448, 473, 483 Serapis (store-ship), 75 Southampton, 61, 63 Spectator (lugger), 194 Speedy, 393, 395 Sphynx, 163, 164, 165 Standard, 117, 134, 135, 138, 156 Stork, 141 Swan, 161 Swiftsure, 447, 478, 481 Sybille, 15, 17 Tarleton, n, 54, 55, 72, 73 Tartarus, 340, 341, 342 Terpsichore, 73, 374, 405, 413, 415, 477, 478 Terrible, 90 Terrier, 340, 342, 346 Thalia, 393, 395, 446, 472, 473, 477, 478 Theseus, 48, 399, 403, 413, 447 Thunder, 411, 413 Transfer, 73, 405, 474, 478 Trent, 132 Triton, 484 SIGNALS Ships—continued Triumph, 158 Tromp, 174 Unite, 48 Valiant, 446 Vanguard, 432, 441 Venerable, 121, 123, 133, I 35» *38, 146-9, 151, 154, 159, 180, 182, 183, 188, 189, 193, 194, 199 Vestal, 156, 340, 342, 344, 345 Vesuve, 340, 342, 345 Victoire (Fr.), 22 Victory, 12, 21, 25, 30, 33, 38> 43, 52, 54, 55/58, 64, 72, 74, 75, 80, 81, 84, 85, 93-95, 97. 98, • 212, 370, 372, 375, 377, 379, 384, 386, 387, 442 Vigilant, 54, 340, 341, 347 Ville de Paris, 96, 97, 212, 37°, 379, 385, 387, 388, 394-7, 401-3, 405, 410, 411, 413, 414, 416, 418, 420, 431, 442, 443, 447, 448, 452, 453, 457, 472, 475 Virago, 74 Virginie (Fr.), 219 Warrior, 185 Weasel, 273 William and Anne (transport), 484 Windsor Castle, 15, 16, 23, 27, 29, 34, 41, 50, 51, 84, 88, 89, 90 Wolverine, 340, 341 Zealous, n, 54, 62, 68, 77, 84, 94, 413, 447, 486 Shore, Sir John (Lord Teignmouth), 195 Shoreham, 279 Sicily, 448, 459, 460, 465, 470, 494 Signals, flags, 53; Sir John Orde on, 258 THE SPENCER PAPERS SIMMS Simms (carpenter’s mate), 169 Simpson, Lieutenant John, 15 Sluys, 307 Smith, Major, 62 Smith, Sir Sidney, escape from France, 219 ; proposed Mediterranean appointment, 466 Smith, Spencer (Charge d’ affaires at Constantinople), 467 Smugglers, use of in Ostend expedition, 326, 337 Smyrna, n Solano, Vice-Admiral Don Jose, 40, 59 Sotherby, Captain, 379, 387, ‘ 389 South Channel, 307 Southwold, 334 Souza, Dom Rodrigo de. See Rodrigo de Souza. Spain, 10, 28 ; declaration of war, 69 ; navy, 78, 372 Sparks, Mr., 317 Spartel, Cape, 84, 376, 447 Spencer, Countess, 73, 227, 490 Spencer, Earl, pension to Parker’s widow, 103; at Portsmouth, 110 ; at Sheerness, 136, 143; period of office, 127, 177; to Pitt on army discipline afloat, 299 ; on Channel Fleet, 299 ; on defence from invasion, 303 ; 3 J 5> 3 29> 366 ; on cause of mutinies, 399 Spichel, Cape, 94 Spithead, 91 ; mutiny, 109, no, 148, 159, 279, 285, 299, 301 Stafford, Captain, 16 Starhemburg, Count de, 373 Star newspaper, 114 Start Bay, 279 Stephens, Mr. (Secretary of Admiralty), 46, 253 Stirling, Captain, 385, 386 THANET Storij, Admiral (Dutch), 199 Strachan, Sir Richard, action off Caen River, 300, 315-17, 322» 335* 353; father induces Jervis to run away to sea, 402 Stuart, Captain Charles, 47, 57, 61 Stuart, Major-General Hon. Charles, 366, 378, 397, 418, 420, 475, 483, 487, 488, 490 Stuart, Lieut.-Colonel John, 475. 484 Stuart, Lord William, 452, 473 Studley Bay, 279 Suckling, Lieutenant, 346 Suffolk, 307 Surveying Service, St. Vincent on, 212 Sussex, 268, 306, 361 Sutton, Captain John, 61 Swale River, 293, 294, 307 Swinden’s Academy, 402 Syracuse, 460, 463, 464 TAGUS, river, 51, 52, 70, 75, 76, 80, 81, 85, 92, 93, 98, • 365» 367> 372~86» 392 » 4 l8> 420, 421, 427, 429, 430 Tallier, M., 479 Tandy, Napper, 324 Tangier Bay, 5 Tarifa, 5 Teignmouth, Lord. See Shore, Sir John. Telegraph, 471 Teneriffe, 395, 413 Ter Veere (Walcheren), 356 Tetuan Bay, 443 Texel, 145-7, 151, 154, i58> 181-4, 186, 190, 231, 270, 290, 3*7> 3 29 Thames, river, defence, 248, 249, 271, 312 ; navigation incident in Dutch wars, 257 Thanet, 294, 356 INDEX 517 THOMAS Thomas, Captain John, 97, 370, 385 Thompson, Vice – Admiral Charles, 66, 67, 371, 375 ; removal requested by St. Vincent, 410, 411, 417 Thompson, Rear-Admiral William (Lord Commissioner of Admiralty), 70, 76 Three-deckers, as flag-ships, 188, 191 ; tactical value, St. Vincent on, 405 Tierney, Mr., duel with Pitt, 354 Tilbury, 141, 149, 256 Tinmouth, 279 Tippo Sahib, 324 Titterton, Mr., 169 Topsham, 161 Torbay, 140, 258, 279, 301 Tortosa, 489 Toulon, 6, 9, 13, 19, 22, 24-6, 30, 33, 38, 40, 46> 52, 54. 55, 58, 62, 85, 230, 281, 366, 373, 391, 426, 437-9, 454> 4^5, 466, 473 ; blockade abandoned, 68 Toussaint, negro general, 472 Tower Hill, rendezvous, 164 Townshend, Lady, 474, 477 Towry, Captain, 68 Trade protection, 10, 20, 27, 29, 43i Training squadron, proposed by St. Vincent, 210 Transport Board, 212, 469 Transports, mode of attacking, 249, 252, 259 Treaties, Campo Formio, 210, 223, 365, 380, 425 ; Leoben, 365, 38o Treport, 307 Trieste, 12, 48, 63, 85, 365, 384, 390, 400 Trinidad, 143, 381, 403 Trinity House, 155, 249, 271, 312, 334 WALCHEREN Tripoli, 48, 2ii Trollope, Captain Sir Henry, 154, 181, 198 Troopships, .men-of-war as, 468 Troubridge, Captain, 4, 6; Archipelago squadron, 8, 9, n, 21, 43, 62, 63, 84, 94, 386, 403, 406, 447, 470, 472, 475, 478, 494 ; letter to St. Vincent, 478; St Vincent’s opinion of, 21, 43, 403 Troubridge, Mrs., death, 472 Truguet, M. (French Minister of Marine), 183 Tucker, Mr. (Agent Victualler at Gibraltar), 485 Tunis, n, 20, 48, 211, 431 Turkey, 427, 456, 459, 460, 461, 463-6, 476, 482, 492. See also Dardanelles. Tuscany, 12, 430 Tyler, Captain Charles, 48, 65 ; memoirs quoted, 297, 385, 395 UPPER Fleet, 59 Ushant, 239, 300 VADO, 18, 23, 400 Vancouver, Captain, 115 Vandeput, Vice – Admiral George, 81 Vashon, Captain, 159 Veeregat (Scheldt River), 356 Venice, fleet, 396, 437 Vienna, 65, 373, 433 Vigo, 382, 385, 386, 392, 406, 420, 430 Vins, General de (Austrian), 400 Vlie Passage (Texel), 186 Vpltaire, 241 WADE, Lieutenant, 169 Walcheren, 328, 349, 356 THE SPENCER PAPERS WALDEGRAVE Waldegrave, Vice-Admiral William, 9, 12, 19, 20, 25 ; removal demanded by Jervis, 43, 46, 64, 74, 377 Wales, French raid, 456 Walker, Alderman, 162, 163 Waller, Mr., 92 Waller, Captain, 396, 414 Walmer, 201 Water Port, Gibraltar, 485 Walpole, Robert (British Minister at Lisbon), 80, 83, 387, 418, 419 Warren, Sir J. B., 104, 139, 299 Watkins, Lieutenant, 162 Watson, Lieutenant, 169 Webly, Lieutenant, 85 Wellington, Duke of, 367 Wemyss, Colonel, 62, 68 Westcott, Captain, 447 Western Islands, 22 Western squadron, 385, 386, 401, 406 West Indies, 13, 14, 16, 401, 47 1 Weymouth, 279 White, Mr., 65 White, John, letter from, 124 White, Captain, 345 Whitshed, Captain, 92 Whitstable, 293, 294 Wieling Channels (Scheldt River), 327, 349, 355 Wier, Mr. (Surgeon), 38, 405 Wilkie, Consul, 28 Willoughby, Lieutenant, 84, 374 Wimbledon, no Winchelsea, 310 Windham, Mr. (Secretary at War), 334, 335 ZELUDI Winter, Admiral de, 184, 187, 197, 198 Winthrop, Captain, 343-6, 350, 351 Winton, Lieutenant, 74 Volfe, General, 260 Woodbridge, 280 Woodhouse, Captain, 41, 52, 73 Woolwich, 151, 163, 246, 327, 337 Woronzow, Count de (Russian Minister in London), 458 Wurmser, Marshal, 30 Wurtemburg, Duke of, 145 Wyndham, Hon. Wm. Frederick (British Minister to Tuscany), 12, 18, 387 YACHTS, St. Vincent on, 210 Yawkins, Mr., 414 Yarmouth, Duncan’s base, 16, 104, 117, 121, 123, 133, 137, 138, 146, 147, 148, 182, 183, 192-4, 233, 290 Yarmouth, refused to Jervis as title, 383, 388, 393 York, H.R.H., Duke of, 64, 141, 142, 239, 319 Young, Rear-Admiral William (Lord Commissioner of Admiralty), no, 149, 153, 187, 240, 331 ; letter to Popham, 336 ; on invasion, 224, 228 ZAFARIN Isles, 211, 429 Zante, 62 Zeludi, Cardinal, letter from Jervis, 33
Julian Corbett was born on 12 November 1854 was educated at Marlborough College and Trinity College, Cambridge where he took a first class degree in law, becoming a barrister in the Middle Temple in 1877, practising until 1882, when he turned to writing, starting with historical novels about the Tudor period. He died on 21 September 1922.
In 1896 he accepted an invitation from John Knox Laughton to edit a volume of documents on the Spanish War of 1585-87, and he soon became known as one of the Royal Navy’s leading intellectuals. From 1901 to 1922 he wrote regularly on naval strategy and history. From 1902 he lectured at the Royal Naval College Greenwich (founded in 1900). In 1903 he gave the Ford Lectures at Oxford University. In 1905 he became the Admiralty’s unofficial adviser on strategy, serving as secretary of the Cabinet Historical Office. He was knighted in 1917, and awarded the Chesney Gold Medal in 1914.
Like Mahan Corbett saw naval warfare as part of a nation’s larger policies, and was influenced by Clausewitz and Laughton. Unlike Mahan he placed less emphasis on fleet battle, which upset many in the Royal Navy. He set out to formalize the theories and principles of naval warfare, focusing on the art of naval warfare, defining the differences between land and naval warfare. His principles of sea control, focus on the enemy, and manoeuvre for tactical advantage still form the foundation of today’s naval manoeuvre warfare. Through his lectures at the Naval War College Corbett was trying to convey to those attending his ideas on limited war and strategic defence, which were very different from the accepted norms of naval theory and strategy of the time.
His publications include
• Papers Relating to the Navy during the Spanish War, 1585-87 (Navy Records Society, 1898).
• Drake and the Tudor Navy, with a History of the Rise of England as a Naval Power (Longmans, 1898).
• The Successors of Drake (Longmans, 1900).
• England in the Mediterranean: A Study of the Rise and Influence of British Power within the Straits, 1603 – 1713 (Longmans, 1904).
• Fighting Instructions: 1530 – 1816 (Navy Records Society, 1905).
• England in the Seven Years War (Longmans, 1907).
• Signals and Instructions, 1761-1794( Navy Records Society 1909).
• The Campaign of Trafalgar (Longmans, 1910).
• Some Principles of Maritime Strategy (Longmans, 1911).
• Private Papers of George, Second Earl Spencer, First Lord of the Admiralty, 1794 – 1801 2 volumes (Navy Records Society, 1914).
• The League of Nations and the Freedom of the Seas (O.U.P., 1918).
• History of the Great War Naval Operations, Based on Official Documents, Volumes I and II (Longmans 1920 and 1921).
Writings about Corbett include
• D M Schurman The Education of a Navy: the development of British Naval Strategic Thought 1867 – 1914 (Cassell, 1965).
• J Goldrick and J Hattendorf Mahan is not Enough: Proceedings of a Conference on the Works of Sir Julian Corbett and Admiral Sir Herbert Richmond (Naval War College Press, 1993).
• Eric Grove (ed) Some Principles of Maritime Strategy (Naval Institute Press, 1988).
• D M Schurman Julian S Corbett, 1854 – 1922: Historian of British Maritime Policy from Drake to Jellicoe (Cassell, 1981).
Sign up to our mailing list to receive the latest updates: