The Fourth Earl of Sandwich was First Lord of the Admiralty (for the third time in his long career) from 1771 to 1782. Blamed by the Whig opposition for many of the disasters of the American War, he was additionally loaded by 19th-century Whig historians with the false image of a corrupt libertine.
It was the publication of these volumes of his correspondence and papers (then in the family home, now in the National Maritime Museum), covering the years 1771 to 1782, which restored his reputation as a conscientious and imaginative naval administrator and reformer, especially of the dockyards and of the timber question. Without entirely rescuing his status as a strategist, they showed very clearly the weaknesses at the heart of the North administration which damaged its handling of the war, and undermined Sandwich’s efforts.
A fifth volume intended to cover his handling of naval patronage was overtaken by the war.
This volume is from 1781 to 1782. The planned fifth volume was never completed.
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INDEX The titles of peers and the ranks of officers are those held on 12 April 1782 ; later advancements in the peerage are given in square brackets. Entries in round brackets following a person’s name show the post he held or the ship or regiment in which he served. The names of his Majesty’s ships are followed by their rate and number of guns in brackets or, in the smaller classes such as sloops and the like, by the name of the class. Merchant ships, transports, and so on have their description in brackets. Foreign ships have their nationality and guns or description in brackets. ADMIRALTY ADMIRALTY, the Board of, change, 272 ; criticism, 82 n., 93, 271-2, 28o, 367, 37o-3 , 377-80, 385 ; Lord Sandwich on its work, 281-301, 353- 4, 361-4 ; orders and instructions from the Cabinet, 4-5, 13, 347 ; to commanders, 7-19 passim, 39 n•, 43 n., 47 n., 48 n., 87-90, 126, 138, 14o, 231 n., 315-43 passim, 345 n. A.eck, Captain Edmund, as commodore in North America and the West Indies, 202, 215, 217, 218, 222, 235, 237 n., 245, 248 ; letters from, 232, 265 Affleck, Captain Philip, acting as first captain to Adm. Rodney, 66, 349 Affleck, Captain William (Medway), 400 Albert de Rions, Capitaine d’ (Pluton), 132, 218 American army, the, 152, 166, 176 American ships of war and privateers, 15, 71, 128, 1 75 Amherst, General Jeffery, 1st Baron, K.B. (Lieut-Gen. of the Ordnance, Gov. of Guernsey, Col. in Chief i/6oth Royal American Regt, Capt. & Col. 2nd Troop Horse Guards), 420 ; present at Cabinet, 23, 42, 62, 67, 7o, 84, 204, 226, 227, 228, 231 Amiel, , 103, 114 Anson, Admiral George, 1st Baron, 271 n. BARRAS Arbuthnot, Vice-Admiral Mariot (C_ in C. North America), 42, 1 39-4o, 146, 152, 164-76, 207, 299, 346, 349 ; letters from, 166, 171 ; letters to, 172 ; Rodney to, 134 ; his, signals, 14o n., 142 Army, the, at home, 84 ; Gibraltar, 35 ; Minorca, 1o, 67 ; North America, 18, 138-44, 151-2, 166- 7, 169-71, 173, 175-7, 193, 195, 197, 202, 204 ; West Indies, 128- 9, 1 32 , 1 37, 1 45, 216-19, 226-7, 236-40, 249-5 0; in the fleet, 67, 95, 171, 236 n., 392 Arnold, Brig.-General Benedict, 138– 9, 166-72 BALFOUR, Captain George (Culloden,. Conqueror), 170, 172 Balld, John, 368 n. ; letter from, 386, Baltic (and East Country) trade, 13, 18-2I, 54, 85-6, 88, 103-5, 111-12, 11 5 ,3 1 7, 335, 358, 362 Barbados, 78-8o ; threatened by the French, 21 5, 2 33 Barbor, Captain Robert (Fame),. 68 Barceló, Jefe de la escuadra Antonio, 35 Barkley, Captain Andrew (Prudent), 21 8 Barras de Saint-Laurent, Lieut. général -, Comte, 133, 140-I, 143, 173-4, 181 n•, 343 n. 432 THE SANDWICH PAPERS BARRINGTON Barrington, Vice – Admiral Hon. Samuel, 3, 13o, 363 n. Bathurst, Henry, 2nd Earl (Lord President of the Council), present at Cabinet, 23, 39, 42, 84, 204, 226, 227, 228, 231 Bayne, Captain William (Alfred), 253-5 Bazely, Captain John (Amphion), 18 ; letter from, 423 Berry Head, Torbay, defences, 58 Bertie, Captain Albemarle, as Mr and Comm. Merlin, 119 Bickerton, Captain Sir Richard, Bt, as commodore, 1 5, 1 7,345 N. Bickerton, Captain Richard, as Mr and Comm. Swallow, 148 Boston, Captain Thomas (Edgar), 64 Bougainville, Chef d’escadre LouisAntoine de, 221-2, 258-9 Bouillé, Général Francois-Claude, Marquis de (Gov. Fr. Windward Is.), 132, 159-6o, 215, 233, 236, 240, 247, 264 Bourchier, Master and Commander John (Zebra), 255 Bowyer, Captain George (Albion), II, 12, 136 Bray, Lieutenant Gabriel (Nimble), letter from, 109 Bread, want of, 144, 183, 216, 234, 237, 241 Brest, British cruising station, zo, 79, 32 1 , 329, 356, 357 Brett, Timothy (Comptroller of the Navy Treasurer’s Accounts), 279 Browne, Captain (? Lieut. John Burns, 46th Regiment, Barfleur), 239 Burke, Edmund, 312 Burr, Lieutenant John Davall (Barfleur), 16o Bylandt, Vice-Admiraal GraafLodewijk van, 21, 117 n. Byron, Captain George Anson (A ndromache), 219, 220 Byron, Vice-Admiral Hon. John, 1 43, 219 CABINET, the, 271–2, 275-7, 297, 359 ; on the disposition and services of the fleet, 1 3, 1 5, 63, CONVOYS 70-2, 84, 204, 226-8, 23 1,342-3 , 346, 35 1; on Gibraltar, 347 ; and Minorca, 23-6, 67 ; instructions to the Admiralty, 4-5, 13 ; Minutes, 39, 42, 62, 67, 70, 72, 84, 204, 226, 227, 228, 231 Caldwell, Captain Benjamin (Agamemnon), 12, 61, 221 Campbell, Captain George (Repulse), 75; as Mr and Comm. Lightning, 75 Campbell, Major-General John (Col. 57th Foot), 150-I Cape St Vincent, Spanish cruising station, 4, 33-4 ,347 Carlyon, Captain William (Daphne), 77 Carronades, 106-7, 413-22 Chandos, James Brydges, 3rd Duke of, 271 Charleston, South Carolina, 198, 202, 215 Chesapeake Bay, 1 33- 4 ; proposed British base, 138-9, 176 ; actions, 1 39-44, 152, 166-72, 181-93 ; forces employed, 140 n., 143 n., 166, 183, 1 98-9, 301 , 342-3 ,346, 35 1-2 Chester, Lieut-Colonel Peter (Gov. West Florida), 150 Chetwynd, Captain Hon. John Whitmore, 148 Christian, Captain Hugh Cloberry (Fortunee), 216, 242 Cleland, Captain John (Formidable), 381 Clinton, Lieut-General (local General) Sir Henry, K.B. (C. in C. North America, Col. 7th Queen’s Dragoons, Col. 1 /84th Royal Highland Emigrants), 137-41, 152, 171, 173, 174, 187, 1 99, 204, 232 ; quoted, 125 Collier, Captain Sir George (Canada), 35, 343 n. Collins, Colonel-Commandant Arthur Tooker, the Marines (Col.-Commdt Plymouth Division), 398 n. ; letter from, 425 Comptroller of the Navy, the, see Middleton, Captain Sir Charles Convoys and convoying, 7-12, 18-21, 29, 33, 48, 58, 63, 8o, 85-91, 103-5, INDEX 433 DOUGLAS Darby, Vice-Admiral George (C. in C. Western Squadron and a lord of the Admiralty), 3-15, 3o n., 42-4, 55, 58, 59, 65, 286, 315-22, 328- 3 1 , 333–1, 337, 347-50, 352-3, 356-8, 384 ; the King’s opinion, 34, 59, Mulgrave’s, 31, 32, 58, 65 ; his letters, 32, COPPER 107, 126, 128, 135-6, 147 fl., 149-51, 221, 3 1 7 ,333-5, 345-6, 358 , 370, 372 , 383-6, 428 ; French, 9, 1 I, 1 5-1 7, 46-7,70-2,77-80, 83, 130, 133-5, 140-I, 180, 215, 219-20, 23o, 243-6, 286, 32 4, 338-40, 346-7, 359 ; Dutch, 18-21, 49, 89, 96, IO2-3, II0, 128, 148 Copper sheathing, 7, 1 3, 33, 49,56, 57, 62-4, 82, 107, 131, 141, 150, 174, 201, 203, 206, 285-7, 339, 354, 358 , 363, 372,41 3, 4 1 5, 416 Corbett, Sir Julian Stafford, 142 Córdoba, Teniente-general Luis de, 4, 1o, 1 3, 1 4, 33 Cork, threat of attack, 1 3, 52 , 53, 63, 64 ; supplies from, 4, 29, 330-I, 348; guardship, io n., 328 Cornwallis, Lieut.-General Charles, 2nd Earl [Ist Marquis] (Col. 33rd Foot, Constable of the Tower of London), 7, 125, 1 33, 1 39, 1 43-4, 152, 167, 169-70, 176, 183, 187-88, 193, 195, 196, 204 , 27 1,344, 350- 1 ; letter to Graves quoted, 1 39 Cornwallis, Captain Hon. William (Canada), 217, 220, 233 , 235 , 343 n. ; quoted, 219, 222 Cosby, Captain Phillips (Robust), 168-9 Cranstoun, Captain James, 8th Baron (Formidable), 255, 257, 258 Cruisers and cruising, 6-17, 19, 21, 32, 33, 34, 39, 44-6, 52, 56–8, 61-4, 71, 75, 77, 8o, 81, 85-9, 9 1 , 96-I07, I09-II, I16-17, 129, 1 34, 140-I, 153, 156, 1 75, 1 77, 180, 196, 216, 219, 223, 243-9, 321, 3 28,32 9, 333, 334, 353, 428 Cummings, Captain James, 370 Curaçao, 12 7-9, 1 53 Curgenven, Master and Commander Richard, 160 ; commdg Drake, 239 Cutters, 79, 98-10o, III, I13-14, 151 DALLING, Major-General John (Gov. Jamaica, Col.-Commdt 3/6oth Royal American Regt), 127, 147, 151 ; quoted, 135 Dalrymple, Captain John (Union), 63 IV. 33, 34, 39, 44 n., 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 6o, 63, 70, 71, 74 ; correspondence with Eliott, 5 ; on the conduct and maintenance of the fleet, 5, 32-6, 39-40, 44 n., 46-50, 60-4 ,70, 71, 75 ; on frigates, 46, 75 ; on fireships 45 ; on copper, 49, 64 Darby, Master and Commander Henry d’Esterre, 45 Dartmouth, William Legge, 2nd Earl of (Lord Privy Seal), present at Cabinet, 84 Dent, Captain Sir Digby (Cumberland), 75, 407 Deseada [Désirade], cruising station, 79-8o, 129, 161, 198, 243-5, 247-8 Des Touches, Capitaine Sochet, 139– 40, 169, 171 Dickson, Captain William (Sampson), 89, 97 Digby, Rear-Admiral Robert, in Western Squadron, 3, 4, 9, 39, 40, 42 , 3 1 7-20,348,353,358; goes to North America, II, 48, 144, 165-6, 207-8, 210, 343 ; C. in C. North America, 69, 195-206 ; letters from, 164 n., 193, 194, 195, 202 ; letters to, 205, from Hood, 199 ; on patronage and promotion, 83 n., 164 n., 193-5, 203-4 Dixon, Master and Commander Charles, 243 Dixon, Lieut.-Colonel Mathew (Corps of Engineers), 36, 37 Dockyards, 279, 287-9, 292-6, 310- 1 3, 354, 380-1, 408-13 ; officers, 23o, 377-8, 381-2 Dod, Captain Edmund (Lizard), 238 Domett, Lieutenant William (Barfleur), as acting Mr and Comm. Ceres, 263 Douglas, Captain Sir Charles, Bt (First Captain, Leeward Islands), 251, 256 n. ; letter from, 256 2 F 434 THE SANDWICH PAPERS DOUGLAS Douglas, Captain Stair (Triumph), 12, 1 35 Downs, the, station, 2I, 102-3, 114, 116-17, 119 n., 121, 326 n., 328, 429 Drake, Rear-Admiral Francis Samuel in the Leeward Islands, 130 n., 131 1Z., 132-3, 136-7, 143-4, 147, 156, 158, 184, 187-8, 190 n., 192 n., 193, 217, 220-1, 223, 234, 241, 246-7, 249-50, 254, 255 ; letter to Rodney, 220 Drake, Master and Commander Francis Thomas (Delight), 1 95, 203 Duncan, Captain Henry (Medea), 140 n., 1 44, 1 92-3 Dundas, Henry [Ist Viscount Melville] (Lord Advocate of Scotland), 273, 276 Dutch navy, the, in Europe, 18-21, chap. i (b) passim, 286, 328, 330, 359, 419 ; in the West Indies, 128, 148 Dutch trade, 13, 18-21, 85, 89, 91 , 96, 102-3, 106, 109-17, 148, 300 EAST COUNTRY TRADE, see Baltic East India Company, the, ships, 282, 309, 413, 420 ; trade, 9, To, 71, 300 East Indies, the squadron, 7, To, 13, 15, 17, 68 n., 69, 73, 226, 286, 300, 3 20, 325, 32 7, 362, 428 ; French forces, 6, 7, 15, 17, 226, 246 Eden, Rt. Hon. William [Ist Baron Auckland] (Chief Sec. to the Lord Lieut. in Ireland), 70 Eliott, General Rt. Hon. George Augustus [1st Baron Heathfield] (Gov. Gibraltar, Col. 15th King’s Light Dragoons), 4-6, 36, 39 ; quoted, 5 Elliot, Captain John, as commodore in the Western Squadron, 3, 4, 11, 14, 16, 49, 57, 64, 65, 75, 381 Elphinstone, Captain Hon. George Keith [1st Viscount Keith] (Warwick), 144 n. Estaing Du Saillans, Vice-amiral Charles-Henri-Théodat, Comte d’, 1 33, 1 59 GEARY Everitt, Captain Charles Holmes (Solebay), 191 Exeter, Brownlow Cecil, 9th Earl of, 273 FAHIE, William Charles, acting as lieutenant, Russell, 239 Fairfax, Captain William George, III Fanshawe, Captain Robert (Egmont, Namur), 8, 127, 259 Feilding, Captain Charles (Minerva), 34, 36 Fergusson, Captain John (Berwick), 86 Fighting Instructions, 140 n., 142, 217 Finch, Captain Hon. Seymour (La Prudente), 46 n. Finch, Captain Hon. William Clement (Amazon, Terrible), 130, 183 n., 189 Fireships, 14 n• ,45, 1 44 Ford, Captain John (Nymphe), 134, 1 37, 2 44 Fortescue, Master and Commander John Faithful (Lightning), 75 Fortescue, Master and Commander Hon. Mathew (Alecto), 113 Fox, Hon. Charles James, 271-2, 310, 312-13, 34 1 Fraser, Colonel Thomas (Lieut.-Col. I /1st Foot), as a brig.-gen. in the Leeward Islands, 236, 238, 240, 241 Frazier, , 413 French forces, strength, in Europe, 6-I1, 14 n., 1 5, 38, 55 n., 56, 61, 77 Ii., 320, 32 4, 353, 409 ; in North America and the West Indies, 6-7, 125, 127, 130-1, 133, 140 n., 143 n., 182, 215-16, 221, 223, 237, 23 8, 242, 246, 2 49-50,346,357 Frigates, 20, 38, 46, 77, 79, 98, Loo, 107, 161, 1 75, 1 77, 196, 216, 285, 291, 295, 372,41 4 GARDINER’S BAY, Long Island, as a base, 176, 196 Gardner, Captain Alan [1st Baron] (Duke), 222, 257 Gascoyne, Bamber (a lord of the Admiralty), 312 Geary, Admiral Francis, 3, 328 INDEX 435 GEORGE III George III : his letters, 23, 3o n., 34, 34 n., 43, 53, 55, 59, 64, 77, 78, 82, 87, 147, 151, 162, 171, 179 n., 181 n., 204, 206, 243, 280 ; his opinions on the conduct of the war and the management of the fleet, 8, 1 3, 2 3, 34 n• 44 ,53, 55, 64-5, 78, 82-3, 87, 151, 162, 171, 179 n., 1 8 I 12. , 204, 206, 218, 243 ; on fighting, 1 3, 34, 53, 55, 77-8,82, 151, 162, 171, 181 n. ; on ministers, 206 ; on Rodney, 64, 151, Darby, 34, 59, Hood, 64, 152, 162, 243, Kempenfelt, 43, 59, 77-8 ; his interest in gunnery, 418-19 ; visits the North Sea squadron, 59, 94, 95 Germain, Lord George [ I st Viscount Sackville] (Sec. of State for America), 138, 206, 372 ; quoted, 17, 138 ; present at Cabinet, 23, 39, 42, 62, 67, 84, 204, 226, 227, 228, 23 1 Gibraltar, 24, 26-8, 34 Ii. ,35, 318, 347-9,352-3, 357 ; its relief, 4-7, 32-6, 361-2 ; convoy, 29, 33, 330-1 , 347-9 Gibson, Master and Commander John as lieut. commdg Speedwell, 36 Gidoin, Captain John Lewis (Torbay), 1 99 Gloucester, Virginia, 139 Goodall, Captain Samuel Granston (Valiant), 262, 267 Gower, Captain Erasmus (Medea), 77 Grasse, Lieut.-général FrancoisJoseph-Paul, Comte de [Marquis de Grasse-Tilly], 6, 7, 18, 8o, 125, 130-8, 141, 143-4, 151, 155-6, 181, 187 n., 188, 191-2, 198-9, 202, 215-22, 232-8, 240, 246-7, 249- 52, 254 , 257-9, 264, 286, 315, 318, 33 1-2 , 340,342,344-7, 349-53, 356-8 . Graves, Rear-Admiral Thomas [1st Baron] (acting as C. in C. North America), 9, 125, 133, 138, 14o-I, 193-9, 203-6 ; his strength, 126-7, 1 43 n•, 342-3, 345-6, 35 1; his action, 141-3, 181-91, 217, 299 his signals, 142, 182, 184-6, Igo-I ; goes to Jamaica, 144, 203, 207-11 ; letters from, 173, 175, 179, 181, IV. HEALTH • 208, to Rodney, 140, quoted, 396 n. ; letters to, 207, 209, from Lord Cornwallis, 139 ; correspondence with Hood, 191-2, 200 ; on the conduct and maintenance of his force, 140, 142, 173-7,179-82, 183, 193 ; on ships of the line, 175, 1 77 ; frigates, 175, 177 ; copper, ’74 Graves, Captain Thomas (Bedford), 222 Graves, William, letter from, 211 Greene, Major-General Nathanael, 152 Greenland trade, the, 85, 105, 389 Greig, Lieutenant Sir Samuel (Admiral, Imperial Russian Navy), letter from, III Grenada, 128, 163 Guichen, Lieut.-général Luc-Urbain Du Bouexic, Comte de, to, 11, 1 3-1 7, 53, 77-9, 83, 230, 318-22, 338-40, 350, 353, 356, 358 , 359 Gunboats, 5, 6, 35 Gunnery, 254-7, 264-5 ,368, 393, 398, 413-16, 418-19, 421 ; shells, 417. See also Carronades Gunpowder, 107-8, 113, 254 HALIFAX, Nova Scotia, as a base, 1 74- 5, 180, 196, 203 Hamond, Captain Sir Andrew Snape (Commissioner at Halifax), 407 Hampton Roads, Virginia, as a fleet anchorage, 138, 176 Hardy, Admiral Sir Charles, 328 Hare, [? Charles], acting as lieut. Solebay, 239 Harris, Sir James, K.B. [1st Earl of Malmesbury] (Envoy at St. Petersburg), 24, 205 Harvey, Captain Henry (Convert), 216 Harvey, Captain John (Panther), 120 Haslar, the Royal Hospital, 374 Hawke, Admiral of the Fleet Edward, ist Baron, K.B., 74, 177 n., 225 n. Hawkins, Sir Caesar, Bt (SergeantSurgeon to the King), 225 Health in the Navy, 47, 75, 129-3 1 , 153, 156-7, 160-1, 178-9, 398-401. See also Scurvy 2F2 436 THE SANDWICH PAPERS HELE Hele, Lieutenant Christopher midable), 2 55 Henslow, John (Master Plymouth), 373 Hervey, Captain Lord (Daphne, 406-7 Hillsborough, Wills Hill, Ist Earl of [ist Marquis of Downshire] (Sec. of State Southern), 62, 229 ; present at Cabinet, 39, 42, 62, 67, 70, 84, 204, 226, 227, 231 Holland, see Dutch navy and trade Home, Captain Sir George, Bt (Vigilant), 46 Hood, Rear-Admiral Alexander [Ist Viscount Bridport], letters from Sir Samuel, 1 35, 1 47 n. , 155 i2 ., cited, 136 Hood, Captain Alexander, as lieut. commanding Ranger, 154, as captain, Champion, 262 n. Hood, Rear-Admiral Sir Samuel, Bt [Ist Viscount] (2nd in command in the Leeward Islands), 78, 125, 129-44, 146-7, 153, 161, 202-3, 215-23, 258, 266-8, 370 iz. ; his actions, 16, 130-1, 155-7, 162, 216-19, 232-42, 261-3, 286, 315, 340,344-5, 352 ; goes to North America, 69, 137-8, 140-4, 165-6, 181, 342 , 345, 352 ; his letters and memoranda, 155, 186, 189, 197, 217, 233, 238, 243, 249, 250, 260, 263 ; to his brother, 135, 147 n., 155 n. ; letter to, 200 ; correspondence with Rodney, 129, 158-61, 247-9, 253-6, 261-3, Graves, 191 -2, 200, Digby, 199- 200 ; on the conduct and maintenance of the fleet, 17, 129, 131, 135-7, 140-4, 155-6, 158-61, 186- 93, 197-200, 216-17, 2 33-47, 249- 54, 260-3 ; the King’s opinion, 64, 152, 162, 243 Hotham,Captain William [ist Baron], as commodore in the Leeward Islands, 7, 9, 10, 128-9, 148, 317-18, 334 Howe, Admiral Richard, Viscount [ist Earl], 17, 142, 144, 177, 183 n., 267 n., 306 n., 362, 364, 367, 4 1 4 KEMPENFELT Hudson, Captain Charles (Richmond), 139-40, 203 Hughes, Vice-Admiral Sir Edward, K.B. (C. in C. East Indies), 7, 362 Hughes, Rear-Admiral Sir Richard, Bt, as Commissioner at Halifax, 146, 407 n. ; Gov. and C. in C. Halifax, 407 ; C. in C. the Downs, 117-19 ; letter from, 407 Hunt, Edward (Surveyor of the Navy), 59, 94, 373, 422 Hunter,Benjamin (Master-Attendant, Woolwich Yard), 93-4 Hussey, William, 313 INGLEFIELD, Captain John Nicholson (Barfleur), 1 33 Intelligence, 11-12, 14, 98, 114, 115, 3 1 5, 322 , 324-5, 329, 334 ,338 JACKSON, George [afterwards Duckett] (Deputy Secretary of the Admiralty), 142 Jamaica, its situation, 127-8, 134-6, 146, 147, 161-2, 222-3, 226-7, 259 ; threat of attack, 70-2, 215- 16, 246-7, 249 ; squadron, 69, 72, 126, 127, 136, 149-5 1, 162, 231, 265, 343, 428 ; trade, 8-14, 19, 45, 51, 53, 54, 59, 63, 64, 67, 70, 71, 91 , 127-8, 135-6, 149-51, 221, 250, 334, 342 , 345. The Governor, see Dalling Jennings, Vice-Admiral Sir John, 368 Jersey, 340-I Jervis, Captain John [ist Earl of St Vincent] (Foudroyant), 6, 263 n., 363 n. Johnstone, Captain George, as commodore on particular service, 45, 300, 428 Johnstone, Captain Gideon (A damant), 204 Justice, Philip (Storekeeper, Plymouth Yard), 381 KEMPENFELT, Rear-Admiral Richard 42-5, 57, 237, 238 n., 369, 383-4, 418 ; as First Captain to Darby, 4, 63, 65 ; 3rd in command, the (ForShipwright, John Augustus, Recovery), 381, INDEX 437 KEPPEL Western Squadron, 3-4, 1 3-1 7, 63, 64, 65, 75, 83 ; his action, 1 5-1 7, 74 n., 77-8, 216, 230, 286, 324-8, 337-40,354,356, 359 ; his signals, 44, 1 42 ; his letters and memorandum, 43, 76, 80 ; letter to, 42 ; on the conduct and maintenance of the fleet, 76, 77, 80-2 ; on copper, 82 ; the King’s opinion, 43, 59, 77-8 Keppel, Admiral Augustus, ist Viscount, 17, 72 n., 298-9, 310, 312 ; becomes First Lord of the Admiralty, 272 ; as First Lord, 242 n., 281, 367 LA FAYETTE, Marie-Joseph, Marquis de, 133, 139, 166-7, 170 Laforey, Captain John, 170 n. La Motte-Picquet de la Vinoyère, Lieut.-général Toussaint-Guillaume de, 7-9, 18, 37-40, 46, 1 37, 31 7, 3 1 9, 320, 348, 35o, 353 La Touche de Tréville, Lieut.-général , Comte de, 146, 171 Laurens, Colonel Henry, 47 Laurens, , 233 Leave in the Navy, 388, 404 Leeward Islands, the, squadron, zo, 15, 17-18, 43, 69, 72, 78-80, chap. ii and iii passim, 315-16, 327, 33 1-2 , 340-7, 349, 352 , 357, 361, 428 ; trade, 9, 10, 12, 14, 46 n., 51, 53, 54, 59, 63, 64, 67, 70, 126, 131 n., 135, 137 n., 147 n., 215, 345, 346 Leith, as a base, 86, 91, 99-10o . Leslie, Major-General Hon. Alexander (Col. 63rd Foot), 197 Lewes, Lieutenant Thomas (Sampson), 97 Lincoln, Colonel Thomas PelhamClinton, Earl of [3rd Duke of Newcastle], 147 Linzee, Captain John (Santa Monica), 132, 1 34, 1 53 Linzee, Captain Robert (Thetis, Magnificent), 132, 160, 268 Lisburne, Wilmot Vaughan, 1st Earl of (a lord of the Admiralty), 273 Lord Advocate, the, see Dundas Lord Chancellor, the, see Thurlow MILBANKE Lord President of the Council, the, see Bathurst Lord Privy Seal, the, see Dartmouth Losack, Master and Commander George (Furnace), 64 MACBRIDE, Captain John (Artois), 20, 21, 406 ; letters from, 96, 107 Mackay, Lieut.-General Hon. Alexander (C. in C. North Britain, Col. 21st Foot), 84 Man, Admiral Robert, 402 Manners, Captain Lord Robert (Resolution), 233 , 235 ; quoted, 130 n. Manning of the Navy, 29, 3o, 68, 71, 73, 93, 131, 226, 363-4, 368, 381, 386-406, 416, 422 ; impressment, 292, 368, 387-93 ; lack of men, 29, 6o, 131, 157, 171, 197, 364, 387 ; soldiers in the fleet, 67, 95, 171, 236 n., 392 ; turning over from ship to ship, 43 n., 93 ; training and discipline, 29, 3o, 368, 393 -4, 403- 4 ; number of men in pay, 290, 313, 428-30. Marines, the, 230-I, 236, 390-2, 397-9,401-3,425 Markham, Lieutenant John (London), 195, 204 Marsh, George (Clerk of the Acts), 279 Marshall, Captain Samuel (Emerald, Flora), 34, 71 ; letter from, 72 Martin, Captain Henry (Commissioner at Portsmouth), 369, 370 n., 380-I Martinique, cruising station, 79-8o, 129-30, 153, 156, 158-61, 243-9 ; proposed attack, 145-6, 152 Masts, 94, 107, 146, 216, 249, 284, 2 97,354, 407-8, 421 Mediterranean Squadron, the, 384, 429 Middleton, Captain Sir Charles, Bt [1st Baron Barham] (Comptroller of the Navy), 15, 17, 18, 78 n., 142, 2 74, 2 77, 2 79, 281, 285, 367 ; his letters and memoranda, 37 ,44, 61, 67,78,92 , 93, 94, 228, 278, 287 n., 367,369-75, 377, 381 , 384, 413-22 ; letter to, 376 Milbanke, Vice-Admiral Mark (2nd in command at Plymouth), 37 438 THE SANDWICH PAPERS MILLER Miller, Patrick (a director of the Bank of Scotland), 418-19 Minorca, 4, 1o, II, 18, 23-9, 34, 62, 67, 69 ; its loss, 10 Molloy, Captain Anthony James Pye (Intrepid), 183, 190 Montagu, Captain James (Juno), 77 Monteil, Chef d’escadre , Baron de, 127, 133, 146 Montserrat, its loss, 219 Moutray, Captain John, 149 Mulgrave, Captain Constantine John Phipps, 2nd Baron (Courageux and a lord of the Admiralty), 78 n., 2 77, 28o, 315 n., 381 n., . 419, 421, 422 ; his letters, 3o, 5o, 55, 65, 266, 267, 275, 38o, 406, 423 ; on Darby, 31-2, 58, 65, Kempenfelt, 57 , 65, Elliot, 57, 65 ; on the conduct and maintenance of the fleet, 13, 5 0-I, 55-8, 65-6 Murray,Captain George (Cleopcatra),98 Murray, Lieut.-General Hon. James (Gov. Minorca, Col. 13th Foot), io Mutiny in the Navy, 343 n., 364 n. NAVY, the, State of, 428 See also Carronades, Copper sheathing, Cutters, Dockyards, Fireships, Frigates, Gunnery, Health, Leave, Manning, Masts, Officers, Pay, Provisions, Punishment, Repairs and refits, Shipbuilding, Ships in commission, Ships of the line, Stores, Timber Navy Board, the, 53, 2 79, 282, 288, 293, 295, 343 n., 380-1, 407-8 ; relations with the Admiralty, 369-86, 41 9, 422 Nelson, (Am. Gov. of Virginia), 166 Nevis, its loss, 219 Neutral States, relations with, see Northern Alliance New Brunswick, masts from, 407-8 New York, as a base, 176, 179, 196, 197, 202-3 ; threat of attack, 1 33, 1 37, 1 39, 1 76 Newfoundland, the squadron, 429 North, Frederick, Lord [2nd Earl of Guilford], 266, 271, 272, 273, 274, 276, 2 77, 309, 369, 372, 383-4 PALLISER letters from, 28, 53, 208, 28o ; on Gibraltar and Minorca, 28-9 ; on the conduct of the fleet, 53-4, 229 present at Cabinet, 2 3, 39, 42, 62, 67, 70, 72, 84, 204, 226, 227, 228, 231 North America Squadron, the, II, 42, 69, 125-7, 138-44, 162, chap. ii (b) passim, 215, 316, 320, 342, 346, 429 ; bases, 138-9, 176, 1 79-80, 196, 197, 202-3 ; service with the army, 141, 1 75, 1 77 ; mutual relation of forces in N.A. and the West Indies, 125, 134-6, 138, 140, 1 55, 165-6, 173, 197-20o, 202-5, 223, 232, 342-7, 349-51, 35 2 North Sea, the, squadron, 13, 15, 17, 18-21, 4 1 , 5 1 , 53-4 , 69, 81, chap. i (b) passim, 286, 296-7, 300, 320, 322-3, 325-6, 328, 334-6,358-9, 411, 419-20 ; trade, 13, 18-21, 54 , passim, 300, 3 chap. i (b) 1 7,335, 358 Northcote, William, Surgeon R.N. (Prudent), letter from, 178 Northern Alliance (or Powers), the, 24, 284, 300 Norway, cruisers off the coast, 91, 97-8 Nott, Captain John Neal Pleydell (Centaur), 46, 162 OFFICERS, 297-300, 342,388,403 , patronage and promotion, 415-16 ; 33, 36, 4o, 45, 64, 73, 75, III, 148, 164-5, 1 72 , 1 93-5, 203-II, 226, 255-6, 4o6, 423 Ogle, Rear-Admiral Sir Chaloner, 1 47 Old Point Comfort, Virginia, 139, 176 Onslow, Captain Richard (Bellona), I19 Ordnance, the Board of, 94, 95, 414-16, 418-2I Ourry, Captain Paul Henry (Commissioner at Plymouth), 36, 37, 229-30 ; letter from Shuldham, 37 PAKENHAM, Captain Hon. Thomas (Minerva), 77 Palliser, Vice-Admiral Sir Hugh, Bt (Gov. the Royal Hospital, Green- INDEX 439. PARKER wich), 18, 218, 278, 299, 423 ; his letters and memoranda, 52, 278, 308,424 Parker, Vice-Admiral Hyde, 3, 59, 63, 87, 225 n., 299, 316-17, 421 n. ; commanding in the North Sea, 3, 13, 19-21, 87-90, 91-2 , 94,95, 103, 110, 3 1 7 ,322-3, 334-6, 356, 35 8-9 ; letter from, 95 ; instructions, 87 Parker, Captain Sir Hyde (Latona), 20, 2I, I IO Parker, Vice-Admiral Sir Peter (C. in C. Jamaica), 127, 136, 137 n., 1 46-7, 1 53, 349-50 ; letters from, 149, 161, 165 ; Rodney to, 134, 136 Parliament, 17, 209-10, 271-2, 2 75-7, 28o, 281, 282, 310-13, 35o 12., 355 n., 361 n. ; papers laid, 271-2, 3 1 5 n•, 344 Parois, Lieutenant de vaisseau Baron de (Cérès), 262 n. Patton, Captain Philip (Belle Poule), 20 ; as a flag officer, 368 Pay of seamen and marines, 368, 387, 391 , 397, 399, 400 ; payment, 3o, 90, 343 n., 380 Pearson, Captain Sir Richard (A yethusa), 12, 245 Penny, Captain Taylor (Marlborough), 22I Pensacola, West Florida, 150-I ; its loss, 125, 1 33 Pepys, Samuel, 381 n. ; quoted, 382 Peter, John (British Consul at Ostend, Nieuport, and Bruges), 114 Peyton, Captain Joseph (Cumberland, then First Captain to Adm. Darby), 4, 57, 75 Phillips, Major-General William (Lt.- Col. Royal Artillery), 17o Phipps, Captain Hon. Charles (Monsieur), 12 Phipps, Lieut.-Colonel Hon. Henry (88th Foot, later 45th Foot), 66 Pigeon Island, St. Lucia, 132, 145-6 Pigot, Vice-Admiral Hugh, 223 Pitcairn, Major John, the Marines, 398 n. Pocock, Admiral Sir George, K.B., 13o n. Pole, Captain Charles Morice (Success), 77 ROCHAMBEAU Porto Praya, 45 n. Portsmouth, Virginia, 138-9, 180 Prescott, Major -General Robert (Col. 94th Foot), 216, 218, 236-8, 240-I Privateers, 12, 1 5, 32, 33, 71, 86, 97-9, 107, 113, 1 75 Provisions and refreshments, 40, 71, 9 1, 130, 144, 171, 1 74, 1 77, 1 79, 183, 241-2, 369. See also Bread, Sour crout Punishment in the Navy, 395-6 Purvis, Master and Commander John Child (Duc de Chartres), 33 Pye, Admiral Sir Thomas (C. in C. Portsmouth), 43 n., 343 n. ; letters from, 29, 48, 75, 183 n. RAMSAY, the Rev. James, 129 Regiments : 13th Foot, 216, 236 14th Foot, 249-5o 28th Foot, 216, 236 69th Foot, 236-7 Odell’s Corps, 151 Repairs and refits, 75, 76, 92-5, 126, 136, 1 74, 179-80, 296-7, 303-8, 313, 410-II Reynolds, Captain Francis [3rd Baron Ducie] (Monarch), 128, 148 Rhode Island, 176 ; British cruisers off the coast, 140, 171 Richmond, Lieut.-General Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of, 312 Riedesel, Major-General Friedrich Adolf, Baron von, 176 Rigby, Richard (Paymaster Gen, of H.M. Forces), 281 ; letter from, 274 Rivett,Master and Commander Peter, as lieut. commdg Surprise, 89, 336 Robertson, Captain Alexander (15th Foot) [Hood called him ` Robinson ‘], 24o Robinson, Captain Hugh (Guadaloupe), 274, 278 Robinson, John (Secretary to the Treasury), 59, 384 ; letters from, 59, 96, 229, 273,274,275,277 Rochambeau, Lieut.-général J.-B.- Donatien, Comte de, 133 44o THE SANDWICH PAPERS RODNEY Rodney, Admiral Sir George Brydges, Bt, K.B. [Ist Baron] (C. in C. Leeward Islands), 4, 12, 15, 43, 72 n., 78-80, 125-38, 140-2, chap. ii (a) passim, 189, 206, chap. iii passim, 299, 316, 33 1-3, 34 1-6, 349-50, 362, 410, 421 n. ; the King’s opinion, 64, 151 ; letters to, 154, 164, from Drake, 220 ; his letters, 66, 145, 148, 152, 162, 225, 226, 227, 229, 257, 258, 264 ; to Lady Rodney, 128-9, to Arbuthnot, 134, to Sir P. Parker, 134, 136, to Rowley, 231 n. ; correspondence with Hood, 158-61, 247-9, 253-6, 261-3 ; his opinions on the conduct of the fleet, 17, 66, 128-9, 130 n., 134-6, 145-6, 152-3, 164, 230, 231 n., 241 n., 247-9, 2 5 8-9, 349-50; on ships of the line, 66, 264 Rodney, Captain John (Sybil), 132, 2 42 Ross, Rear-Admiral Sir John Lockhart, Bt, in the Western Squadron, 3, 6, II, 1 4,30, 49, 71 n., 75, 83 Rowley, Rear-Admiral Joshua, 299 ; at Jamaica, 150, 231 Russia, io, 23-6, III SAINT CHRISTOPHER’S, see St Kitts St Domingo, 127, 1 33-5, 21 5, 21 9, 223 St Eustatius, in British hands, 125, 128, 129, 131 n., 148, 151, 155 n., 158 ; its loss, 125, 215 ; Hotham’s convoy, 7-9, 44, 45, 91, 128, 129, 148, 151, 300, 317-18, 333-4, 345, 8 34 St Kitts, its capture by the French, 16, 18, 1 33, 1 43, 216-19, 232-43 St Leger, Major-General Anthony (Col. 86th Foot), 158 St Lucia, 156, 216 n. ; as a base, 130 n., 161, 219 ; attacked, 132 St Martin, 128 Saint-Simon, Colonel Claude-Anne, Marquis de, 240 St Vincent, 128, 1 45 St Vincent, Earl of, see Jervis Saints [Iles des Saintes], battle of the, 72 n., 187 n., 220-3, 250-9 ; forces engaged, 221 n. SHIPS Sandwich, Admiral Edward Montagu, ist Earl of, 106 Sandwich, General John Montagu, 4th Earl of : his memoranda and speeches, 23, 4o, 68, 73, 281, 349, 35o, 355, 361 ; letters to Arbuthnot, 172 ; Digby, 205 ; Graves, 207, 209 ; Hood, 200 ; Kempenfelt, 42 ; Middleton, 37 6 ; Hyde Parker, 59 n. ; Rodney, 154, 164 ; Shuldham, 38 ; Stewart, 83 ; his opinions on Cabinet responsibility, 297 ; on the conduct of the war, II, 13, 17, 20, 23-6, 38, 20I, 205, 286, 300-1, 350-3, 355-60, 361 ; on the equipment and maintenance of the fleet, 281-301 passim, 353-4, 361-4 ; on officers, 297-300 ; on patronage and promotion, 164-5, 172, 205-6, 207, 209-10 ; on frigates, 20, 291, 295 ; on copper sheathing, 201, 285-6, 354,358, 363 ; his relations with Middleton, 367, 371-80, 384-6, with Mulgrave, 3o-1, 66, 267, 275 ; present at Cabinet, 23, 39, 4 2 , 62 , 67, 72, 84, 204, 226, 227, 228, 231 Saumarez, Captain James [ist Baron De Saumarez], as Mr and Comm. Tisiphone, i 6, 237 Scarsdale, Nathaniel Curzon, ist Baron, 172 Scurvy, io, 36, 46,47, 74,75, 160, 178-9 Selwyn, George Augustus, quoted, 272 Shetland Islands, the, 19, 84, 85, 91 Shipbuilding and equipment, 281-314 passim, 408-13 ; States of ships built or repaired, 301, 305, 307 Ships : Achilles (IV. 6o), 306 Actif (Fr. 74), 8, 16 Adamant (IV. 5o), 141, 174, 175, 195, 204, 342 n. Admiraal de Ruijter (Du. 68), 19 Admiraal-Generaal (Du. 74), 19 /Etna bomb, 135 n. Africa (III. 64-old), 302 Africa (III. 64-new), 2I, 4 1 , 73, 92 , 93, 95, 323, 328 Agamemnon (III. 64), 12, 14 n., 17, 41, 56, 58, 61 , 74, 221, 323 INDEX 44I SHIPS Ships (continued) :- Aimable (Fr. 3o), 262, 266 Ajax (III. 74), 127, 137 n.,I57, 183 Alarm (V. 3 2 ), 73 Albion (III. 74), 126, 136, 150, 165, 175, 325 n. Alcide (III. 74) , 127, 1 57, 1 75 , 185, 192 n., 237 n., 26o Alcmene (V. 32), 128 Alecto fireship, 113, 120, 262 Alert sloop, 73, 87 n., Ioo, 114, 219, 2 5o, 2 55 Alexander (III. 74) , 42, 74 Alfred (III. 74), 127, 157, 217, 220, 2 34 , 2 53 , 254 , 255 Amazon (V. 32), 130, 157 Ambuscade (V. 32), 35 n. America (III. 64), 127, 184, 202, 245 n. Amphion (V. 32), 18, 423 Amphitrite (VI. 24), 174 Andromache (V. 32), 219, 220 Anson (III. 64), 65, 73, 266 n., 3 2 7 Apollo (V. 32), 89, 90 Ardent (Fr. 64), 139, 221 n., 222, 251, 259 ; as a British ship, 222 Ardent (III. 64-new), 303 Arethusa (V. 32), 72 n., 73 Arethusa (V. 38), 12, 244 Argo (Du. 40), 19, 20 Ariadne (VI. 2o), 119, 120 Arrogant (III. 74), 14 n., 41, 73, 92, 95, 256 n., 302, 323, 327 Artois (V. 40), 20, 21, 84, 85, 87, 88, loo, 113, 206, 406 n. Asia (III. 64), 41, 3 02, 307,332 Assistance (IV. 5o), 56, 61 Assurance (V. 44), 1 7 1 , 1 74, 1 99, 342 , 343 H. Astrée (Fr. ? 3o), 263 n., 264 Atlas (II. 98), 287, 302, 3 07, 354, 3 63 Aurora (VI. 28), 159 Barfleur (II. 98), 12 7, 1 33, 1 57, 160, 188, 191, 218, 239, 240, 251, 254, 259 n., 262 Batavier (Du. 54), 19 Bedford (III. 74), 127, 166, 167, 184, 185, 202, 218, 232, 235, 237 n., 245 71., 248, 266, 302 SHIPS Ships (continued) :– Belle Poule (V. 36), 20, 21 n., 84, 85, 89 ; as a Fr. ship, 72 n. Belleisle (III. 64-IV. 58), 41, 94, 30 7, 32 3, 332 , 422 n. Belliqueux (III. 64), 127, 157, 159, 262 Bellona (III. 74) ,34, 40, 120, 228, 301, 320 n., 323, 324, 326 Bellona (transport), 2 74 Bellona (Du. 36), 20 Berwick (III. 74), 18, 19, 20, 4 1 , 84, 85, 86, 89, 9 1 , 92 , 119, 302, 3 26, 333, 361, 418 n. Bienfaisant (III. 64), 19, 21 n., 41, 87 n., 92, 120, 320 n., 326, 406 Blenheim (II. 98 ), 94, 287, 3O1 303, 307, 354, 363 Blonde (V. 32), 197 Bombay Castle (III. 74), 302, 307, 363 n. Bonetta sloop, 196 Boreas (VI. 28), 135 n. Boyne (III. 70), 302, 307 Brave (Fr. 74) , 17, 238 n., 240 Bristol (IV. 5o), 93, 1 50 Britannia (I. Ioo), 15, 33, 4 0, 45, 74, 301 Buffalo (IV. 6o), 19, 20, 41, 61, 87 n., 120, 326, 332 , 333 Busy cutter, 89, Ioo, 114, 120 Caesar (III. 8o), 183 n. Cambridge (III. 8o), 3 07, 333 Camel (VI. 24), 84, 85 Cameleon sloop, 119, 120 Canada (III. 74) , 35, 41, 127, 202, 217, 218, 220, 233, 266, 320 n. , 343 Carcass bomb, 135 n. Carnatic (III. 74), 302, 307 Carysfort (VI. 28), 197 Caton (Fr. 64), 220, 221 n., 263, 266 Centaur (III. 74), 127, 131, 157, 162, 184, 26o Centurion (IV. 5o), 48, 194 Cerberus (V. 32), 384 Cérès (Fr. corvette-late Ceres sloop), 262, 263, 264, 266 César (Fr. 74), 221 n., 251 Champion (VI. 24), 262 56, 119, 442 THE SANDWICH PAPERS SHIPS Ships (continued) :— Charlestown (V. 32), 1 74 Charon (V. 44), 196, 369 Chatham (IV. 5o), 174, 1 98, 1 99, 342 , 343 H. Childers sloop, 151 Cleopatra (V. 32), 21 n., 84, 85, 87 Colossus (III. 74), 302 Conquérant (Fr. 74), 1 39 Conqueror (III. 74) ,41 , 73, 170 n., 302 , 32 7 Conquestadore (IV. 6o, receiving ship), 68 Convert (V. 32), 216, 237 n. Cornwall (III. 74), 302 Courageux (III. 74), 7, 32, 42, 74, 1 75, 266, 381 n. Couronne (Fr. 8o), 258 Crescent (VI. 28), 34 Crocodile (VI. 24), 70 Crown (III. 64), 303, 307 Culloden (III. 74-old), 127, 166, 17o n., 302, 346 Culloden (III. 74-new), 302 Cumberland (III. 74), 4 ,33, 34, 40,45, 73, 302 , 327 Cyclops (VI. 28), 161 Daphne (VI. 2o), 77, 381, 406 Defence (III. 74) ,33, 4 1,45, 73 , 02 , 32 7 3 Defiance (III. 64), 302 Defiance (III. 74), 302 Diadem (III. 64), 3 03, 307 Dictator (III. 64), 302, 307 Diligente (III. 70), 41, 323, 326, 332 Director (III. 64), 3 03 Dolfijn (Du. 24), 20 Dolphin (V. 44), 19, 20, 87 n. Dragon (III. 74), 302, 306 Drake sloop, 16o, 161 Dreadnought (IV. 6o), 306 Dublin (III. 74), 14 H., 40,45, 71 n., 74, 326, 328, 370 n. Duc de Chartres sloop, 33, 34 Duke (II. 98), 4o, 45, 74, 222, 231 n., 256 n., 257, 259 n. Dunkirk (IV. 6o), 3 27,333 Edgar (III. 74), 16, 42,74 Egmont (III. 74-68), 126, 127, 149, 150, 307, 323, 421, 422 n. Elephant (III. 74), 302 SHIPS Ships (continued) :- Elizabeth (III. 74) ,307 Emerald (V. 3 2 ), 34, 56, 71, 72 Endymion (V. 44) ,94, 15o, 219, 266 n., 414 Erfprins (Du. 54) , 1 9 Espion (Fr. cutter), 234, 241 Essex (III. 64), 302 Europa (IV. so), 287 n. Europe (III. 64), 127, 169, 1 74, 1 79, 203, 215 n., 280 Eurydice (VI. 24), 237 n., 261 Excellent (III. 74), 302 Fame (III. 74), 68, 73, 94, 266, 3 25, 373, 421 Fantasque (Fr. 64), 168 Firebrand fireship, 14 n. Flora (V. 36), 34, 72 n., 73, 177 n. Formidable (II. 98), 40, 45, 73, 220, 226, 228, 245 , 252, 255 , 256 n., 257, 259 n., 261, 264, 302, 327, 381 Fortitude (III. 74), 19, 41, 87 n., 92, 93, 120, 320 n., 326, 409 n. Fortunee (V. 4o), 186, 216, 237 n., 242 Foudroyant (III. 8o), 6, 42, 71, 74, 327, 363 n. Fowey (VI. 24), 196 Fox (V. 32), 32 Furnace fireship, 14 n., 64 Galatea (VI. 2o), 21 n. Ganges (III. 74), 302, 3 07 Gibraltar (III. 8o), 12, 66, 73, 126, 1 36, 152, 157, 328, 343, 345, 350 Glorieux (Fr. 74), 221 n., 26o Glory (II. 98), 302, 411, 412 Goliath (III. 74) ,74, 325, 363 n. Grafton (III. 74), 126, 150, 1 75, 302 , 307 ,323 Guadaloupe (VI. 28), 196, 274 n. Harpy fireship, 14 n. Hector (III. 74), 126, 307 Hector (Fr. 74), 133 n., 221 n., 26o Hercules (III. 74), 14 n., 41, 64, 74 ,327, 422 n. Hinchinbroke (VI. 28), 165 Holland (Du. 64), 19, 20 Hornet sloop, 140, 18o Impregnable (II. 98), 302 Indefatigable (III. 64), 303 INDEX 443 SHIPS Ships (continued) Inflexible (III. 64), 4 1 , 45, 47, 32 7 Intrepid (III. 64), 127, 131 n., 157, 16o, 183, 186, 190, 22I Invincible (III. 74), 127, 157, 159, 221 Iris (V. 32), 187, 196 Irresistible (III. 74), 302, 307 Janus (V. 44), 150 Jason (Fr. 64), 220, 221 n., 263, 266 Juno (V. 32), 7, 8, 10 H., 77, 318 Kent (III. 74), 302 Kite sloop, 32, 36 Languedoc (Fr. 8o), 8 Latona (V. 38), 20, 21, 87, 88, IIO Leander (IV. 50), 29 Leith armed ship, 87, 88 Lenox (III. 74), 328 Leviathan (III. 74), 302 Lightning fireship, 14 n. Lion (III. 64), 42, 127, 203, 206, 215, 302, 320 n., 343, 38o Lizard (VI. 28), 157, 216, 237 n., 238 London (II. 98), 69, 127, 142, 169, 181, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 203, 204, 215 n., 301, 409 n. Lord Hyde (packet), 149 Lowestoft (V. 32), 150 Magicienne (V. 32), 194, 195, 203, 204, 206 Magnanime (III. 64), 41, 33 2 , 333 Magnificent (III. 74) , 74 n., 228, 262, 268, 327 Majestic (III. 74) , 302 Marlborough (III. 74), 41, 45, 220, 221, 247, 266, 327 Mars [Prince Edward] (IV. 6o), 345 Medea (VI. 28), 73, 77, 144, 187, 192, 1 93 Medway (IV. 6o), 16, 42, 61, 74 , -401 399 , 402 Merlin sloop, 119, 120 Minerva (V. 32), 7, 381 Minerva (V. 38), 34, 77 , 177 n., 287 n., 381 n. Modeste (III. 64), 306 Monarca (III. 70), 333 SHIPS Ships (continued) :- Monarch (III. 74), 127, 128, 148, 157, 16o, 191, 262 Monmouth (III. 64), 302 Monsieur (V. 36), 12, 56 Montagu (III. 74), 127, 131 n., 157, 183, 185, 186, 190 n., 220 Myrmidon (VI. 22), 89, 9o, 101, I2I Namur (II. 9o), 40, 45, 74 , 259, 32 7 Neptune (II. 90), 306 Nimble cutter, 109, 110, III, 114 Nonsuch (III. 64), 8, 14 91., 41, 227, 302, 323, 328, 341 6 Nymphe (V. 3 ) , 1 34, 144 n., 217, 234 , 244 , 245 Ocean (II. 9o), 4 0, 45, 301, 328 Panther (IV. 6o), 120, 126, 131 n., 1 35, 326, 345, 346 Pearl (V. 32), 1 97 Pegase (III. 74) , 363 n. Pegasus (VI. 28), 159, 242 Perseus (VI. 20), 119, 120 Piet Hein (Du. 54), 19 Pluto fireship, 33 Pluton (Fr. 74), 132, 218 Pocahontas schooner, 157, 161 Polyphemus (III. 64), 3o3, 3 07 Portland (IV. 5o), 324 Powerful (III. 74), 302 Preston (IV. 5o), 19, 20, 87, 93 Prince (II. 98), 302 Prince George (II. 98), 42, 127, 198, 202, 237 n., 259 n., 302, 320 H., 343 Prince of Wales (III. 74), 307 Prince William (III. 64), 69, 126, 1 35, 136, 1 44, 1 57, 166, 262, 342,343 Ii., 345, 349, 350 Princess Amelia (III. 8o), 19, 20, 41, 87, 120, 303, 326, 333, 361 Princess Caroline (V. 44) ,93, 244 Princess Royal (II. 9o), 126, 136, 15o, 302, 307, 326 Princessa (III. 70), 127, 137 n., 1 57, 1 59, 16o, 185, 186, 190 n., 192 . Proselyte (V. 32), 84, 85 Proserpine (VI. 28), 7, 8, 318 Prothee (III. 64), 12, 14 n., 41, 56, 58, 323 ,327,333 444 THE SANDWICH PAPERS SHIPS Ships (continued) :- Prudent (III. 64), 127, 140, 144, 169, 198, 199 12., 218, 221, 232, 234, 342 , 343 H. La Prudente (V. 38), 16, 45, 56 Queen (II. 98), 40, 45, 74 Rainbow (V. 44) ,94 Raisonable (III. 64), 307 Ramillies (III. 74), 69, 126, 136, 1 49,150, 343 n. Ranger cutter, 154, 162 Rattlesnake sloop, 195, 204 Recovery (V. 32), 56, 406 n. See also Minerva (V. 32) Repulse (III. 64), 42, 227, 3 2 7 Repulse cutter, 84, 85 Resolution (III. 74), 127, 130, 157, 184, 218, 2 33 Resolution cutter, 84 Revenge (III. 64), 306 Richmond (V. 32), 139, 187, 196, 370 ; as a Fr. ship, 187 n. Rippon (IV. 60-54), 307, 332 , 422 n. Robust (III. 74), 127, 140, 144, 168, 169, 1 74, 177, 179, 198, 199 n., 203, 215 n., 232, 342, 343 n• Roebuck (V. 44), 120, 174, 175, 1 77, 342n. Romulus (V. 44), 1 77 n. ,342 n., 346n. ; as a Fr. Ship, 177 n., 346 Royal George (I. Ioo), 6, 30, 40, 45, 71, 74, 328 Royal Oak (III. 74), 127, 140, 169, 174, 180, 185, 190 n., 202, 220, 260, 261 Royal Sovereign (I. loo), 302, 411, 412 Royal William (II. 84), 306, 307, 422 n. Ruby (III. 64), 126, 136, 150, 302, 326 Russell (III. 74), 69, 126, 131, 137, 157, 161, 215, 2 39, 345 St Albans (III. 64), 42, 69, 215, 234, 237 n., 245 n., 32o n. St Anne (III. 64), 306 St Esprit (Fr. 80), 221, 223 St George (II. 98), 302 St Vincente sloop, 160 Salamander fireship, 185 SHIPS Ships (continued) :- Sampson (III. 64), 20, 41, 89, 90, 92, 97, 110, 3 2 3 , 335, 336, 358 Sandwich (II. 98), 69, 126, 131 n., 135, 152, 158 n., 161, 226, 345, 349 Santa Margarita (V. 36), 206 Santa Monica (V. 36), 134, 153, 161 Sartine (VI. 28), 206 Saturn (III. 74), 302 Sceptre (III. 64), 41, 93, 3 2 7 Scipio (III. 64) ,303, 307 Scourge sloop, 77 Seaford (VI. 20), 330 n. Shrewsbury (III. 74), 127, 131 n. 157, 183, 186, 190, 221 Solebay (VI. 28), 29, 183, 186, 191, 218, 239 Solitaire (Fr. 64), 221 Southampton (V. 32), 150 Speedwell cutter, 36 Standard (III. 64), 302, 307 Stately (III. 64) ,303, 307 Stirling Castle (III. 64), 302 Success (V. 32), 77 Suffolk (III. 74), 126, 150, 151 Sultan (III. 74) ,41, 333 Sultana cutter, 118, 119 Superb (III. 74) ,302 Surprise cutter, 89 Swallow sloop, 148, 162, 349 Sybil (VI. 28), 159, 237 n., 242 Tartar (VI. 28), 84, 85, 87, 89, 9 1 Temeraire (III. 74), 306 Termagant (VI. 22), 8 4, 85 Terrible (III. 74-old), 127, 157, 159, 160, 183, 185, 189, 192 Terrible (III. 74-new), 302 Thetis (V. 32), 160, 161 Thunderer (III. 74-old), 302 Thunderer (III. 74–new), 302 Tiger (III. 74), 306 Tisiphone fireship, 16, 92, 95, 237, 238 Torbay (III. 74), 69, 126, 131 n., 135, 136, 1 44, 1 57, 166, 1 75, 1 98 , 1 99, 200, 266, 342, 343 H., 345, 349, 350 Trident (III. 64), 126, 150, 183 n., 307,323 Triomphant (Fr. 8o), 16, 17, 238 n., 240 INDEX 445 THOMAS Smith, Master and Commander John Samuel (Scourge), 77 Sour crout, 1o, 47, 1 79 Spanish forces, strength in Europe, 4, IO-I I, 14 n., 55 H., 56, 61, 3 1 5, 347, 357 ; in the West Indies, 125, 150, 223, 246 Spithead, as a defensive anchorage, 51, 58, 6o Stephens, Philip (Secretary of the Admiralty), 3, 7, 48, 5o, 271-2, 277, 278, 384- 5 ; his memoranda 303, 3 1 5, 344 Steuben, Major-General Friedrich, Baron von, 166 Stewart, John, acting as lieutenant 41, (late, commodore’s servant), Berwick, 92 Stewart, Captain Hon. Keith, as commodore in the North Sea, 13, 18-21, 53-4, 69, chap i (b) passim, 273, 326 n., 328, 335, 418, 42o ; his letters and memoranda, 84, 9 0, 97, IOO, I03, 113, 116, I17, 118, 408, 418 n. ; letter to, 83, Stirling, Captain Sir Walter (Commodore, 2nd in command, the Nore), 90 Stores, 18, 86, 135, 144, 171, 1 77, 179, 284, 293, 296-7, 304, 309, 354, 362. See also Masts, Timber Stormont, David Murray, 7th Viscount, K.T. [2nd Earl of Mansfield] (Sec. of State Northern), 13, 322 ; letter from, 108 ; quoted, 141 ; to the King, 82 n. ; present at Cabinet, 23, 39, 42, 62, 67, 7o, 72, 84, 204, 226, 227, 228, 231 Strachan, Captain Sir Richard John, Bt, 259 n. Suffren Saint-Tropez, Chef d’escadre Pierre-André de, 6, 7, 18, 45, 357 Symons, Captain John (Formidable), SHIPS Ships (continued) :- Triton (VI. 28), 216 n. Triumph (III. 74), 126, 131 n., 135, 161, 3 25, 345, 346, 349 Ulysses (V. 44), 151 Union (II. 90), 16, 40, 45, 74 Ii. , 361 Valiant (III. 74), 7, 42, 74, 262, 263, 267, 268 Vanguard (III. 74), 302 Venerable (III. 74), 302 Vengeance (III. 74), 7, 126, 128, 148, 307, 32 3, 345 Venus (V. 36), 128 n. Veteran (III. 64), 3 03 Victorious (III. 74), 302 Victory (I. Ioo), 13, 15, 30, 63, 64, 74, 30 1 , 320, 332 Vigilant (III. 64), 1o, 46 n., 126, 131 n., 148, 307 ,32 3, 345, 346 Ville de Paris (Fr. Ioo), 183, 218, 221 12., 233, 235, 240, 251, 252, 259, 260, 261, 264 Warrior (III. 74) ,74 n., 262, 264, 266, 324, 327 Warspight (III. 74), 306 Warwick (IV. 5o), 1 44 n., 1 74, 18o, 195, 1 99, 1 99 H., 342 , 343 H. William and Mary yacht, 94 Yarmouth (III. 64), 65, 32 7,333 Young William storeship, 407 Zebra sloop, 250, 2 55 Zélé (Fr. 74), 220, 221 Ships in commission, or fit for service, 290-1, 303-5, 308, 313-14, 354 , 361-3, 409-10 ; States or lists, 4o, 68, 73, 126, 322, 325, 332, 428 Ships of the line, 20, 56, 61, 66, 75, 81, 106-7, 175, 177, 264, 361, 413-16, 41 9, 421 Shirley, Major – General Thomas (Capt. – Gen. in the Leeward Islands), 235, 238-41 Shuldham, Vice-Admiral Molyneux, 1st Baron (C. in C. Plymouth), 12, 58 ; letter from, 36 ; to Ourry, 37 ; letter to, 38 Signals, 44, 140 n., 142-3, 182, 217 Skene, Colonel Philip (Lt. -Col. 69th Foot), as a brigadier-general serving in the Barfleur, 237 2 55 TERNAY D’ARSAC, Chef d’escadre , Chevalier de, 140 n., 146 Texel, the, cruising station, 21, 89, 96, IO2-5, II0, I14 Thomas, Joshua (Assistant to the Clerk of the Acts), 279 44,6 THE SANDWICH PAPERS THOMPSON Thompson, William, Surgeon R.N. (Victory), 374, 376 Thurlow, Edward, ist Baron (Lord Chancellor), 83, 276 ; present at Cabinet, 2 3, 39, 42, 84, 204, 226, 227, 231 Timber, 278-9, 282-4, 295, 309-II, 3 1 4,354, 362 Tobago, its loss, 125, 132, 163 Tomlinson, Lieutenant Robert, 368 Tonrys, George Philip, letter from, 26 Torbay, as a defensive anchorage, 5o, 52, 6o Trade, attack and defence of, chap. i. passim, I28, 133-7, 1 49-50, 1 75, 177, 180, 196, 199 n., 215, 219, 22I, 300, 3 16-1 9, 335, 345, 346,348, 353, 355 Trollope, Captain Henry, as Mr and Comm. Kite, 36, 39 ; Capt. Myrmidon, I00-I, I17-18, I2I VASHON, Captain James, as Mr and Comm. Alert, 255 Vaudreuil, Chef d’escadre Rigaud, Marquis de, 9, 15-17, 39 n., 70, 220, 222, 223, 238, 242, 262 n. Vaughan, Major-General Hon. John (Col. 46th Foot), commanding troops in the Leeward Islands, 128, 1 45 , 1 53, 1 54 WALDEGRAVE, Captain Hon. William [1st Baron Radstock] (LaPrudente), 16, 46 Wallace, Captain Sir James (Nonsuch, Warrior), 8, 264, 34 1 Wallis, Captain Samuel (Dublin, then a commissioner of the Navy), 369-70 Walsh, Master and Commander Philip, 40 ZOUTMAN Washington, General George, 132, 1 33, 166, 215 ; quoted, 133-4, 1 43–4 Wells, Master and Commander Thomas (Swallow), 148 Wells, William, 284 n. West Indies, mutual relation of the squadrons in the W.I. and in North America, 125, 133-8, 14o, 1 54-5, 161-2, 165-6, 173, 197-200, 202-5, 223,231,232,300-1,342-7,349-52_ Trade, see Jamaica, Leeward Islands Western Squadron (or Grand Fleet), the, instructions, movements, strength, 3-18, 21, chap. i. (a). passim, 286, 300, 315-22, 324-31, 333-4, 337-40, 347-50, 352-3, 357- 9, 362, 364, 410-11, 413, 424, 428 White, Midshipman Thomas (Barfleur), 218 ; as a captain, his book, 143 n. ; quoted, 134, 218 Williams, Sir John (Surveyor of the Navy), 279, 282 Wilson, Lieutenant Thomas (London), 181 Wood, Captain Thomas, the Marines, 368, 389 n. ; his letter and memorandum, 389 YARMOUTH ROADS, as a base, 86, 99 Yorktown, Virginia, the capture of Cornwallis’s army, 7, 125, 138, 143-4, 195-6, 204, 205, 271, 344, 1 35 ; reasons for his going there, 1 39, 176, 180 Young, Captain Walter (Sandwich), 126, 128, 129, 153 ZOUTMAN, Schout-bij-nacht Johan Arnold, 13, 19-20
Sir George Barnes was born on 13 September 1904 in Byfleet, the son of the lieutenant-governor of Burma. He went to the Royal Navy College, Osbourne and then BRNC Dartmouth, but was rejected by the Royal Navy because of poor eyesight; He later attended King’s College, Cambridge University between 1922 and 1927, reading history. He then taught at Dartmouth until 1930. After a spell at the CUP, he joined the BBC in 1935 as a Producer in the Talks Department. In 1946 he was promoted to be the first ever Controller of the new BBC Radio Station, the Third Programme until in 1950 he became a Director of BBC TV. He was knighted for overseeing the Coronation broadcast in 1953. He retired from broadcasting in 1956 becoming Principal of the University College of North Staffordshire, now Keele University. He died at Keele on 22 September 1960.
His publications include
John Hely Owen was born in Yorkshire in 1890, the son of a solicitor. He entered the Royal Navy in 1905, and became a Midshipman in 1907 and a Lieutenant in 1912. He was second in command of the submarine C5, in the North Sea in 1916, and then commanded the submarine H1 alongside the Italians against the Austrians in the Adriatic, 1916-1918. Subsequently he commanded submarine L4 on the China Station, was second-n-command of the cruiser Calliope, 1925-1926. He served in the Naval Intelligence Division, 1931-1933, but retired as a Commander 1932. He served in the Naval Historical Section of the Admiralty, 1939-1945, writing battle summaries to provide guidance for admirals and their staff. He died in 1970.
He wrote historical articles for The Naval Review from 1925 and a confidential history of mutiny in the Royal Navy in 1933(classified until 1973).
His publications include
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