The capacity of navies to influence world events through control of seaborne trade was profoundly affected by nineteenth-century developments in economic theory, commercial organization, and naval technology. In turn, these changing circumstances led, from the outbreak of the Russian war in 1854, to repeated attempts to rewrite the international law of belligerent rights at sea.
This collection of departmental files and treaties is intended to review the changing perceptions in the British government of the utility of naval control of trade, providing at once historical documentation, and material for analysis of the conflicting influences on policy and naval strategy.
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GENERAL INDEX 10th Cruiser Squadron 275 An Act for Regulating Naval Prize of War 55 Admiralty passim Admiralty Marshal 466, 488, 491–3 Adrianople, Treaty of 79 Advisory Committee on Trading and Blockade in Time of War, C.I.D. 283 Aerial Warfare, Code of Laws of 267–70 Air Ministry 231, 267, 270, 271, 447, 448, 451, 496 American Civil War xiii, xx–xxiii, xxvi, xxix, xxxiii, 5, 6, 44, 70, 94, 294, 298, 327, 328, 356, 388, 417 American Red Cross 507 Anglo-Japanese alliance xxxi, 356, 406, 433 armed merchantmen 298, 377 bail 60 ball-bearings 261 Beira Patrol xiv, xxxv, 418, 419, 531–3, 540 Berlin Conference 95 black list 126, 239, 250, 251, 259, 367, 451–4, 463, 464, 470, 474, 475–82 Board of Trade 3, 25, 27, 253, 261, 263– 5, 276, 283–8, 351, 374, 401, 412, 414, 420, 423, 426, 427, 433, 435, 447–55, 460–66, 477, 479–82, 497, 534 boycott 239, 241, 253, 262, 263, 271, 286, 475 bunker 126, 133, 193, 197, 226, 256, 265, 283, 378, 414, 448, 451, 453, 454, 466, 476, 478–81 Bunker Control Committee 453 Cabinet 4, 32, 33, 37, 51, 73, 95, 108, 130, 194, 195, 199, 201–5, 208, 211, 229, 230, 231, 239, 292, 293, 297, 299, 330, 338, 348–51, 354, 358, 361–3, 372, 378, 380, 384–94, 411, 414, 418, 420, 422, 425, 427, 444, 445, 449, 455, 458, 473, 477, 506, 534 Cabinet Minutes 32, 95, 534 Cabinet Minutes Respecting the Declaration of Paris of April 1856 32 Cabinet Office 418 censorship 248, 251, 256, 320, 326, 414, 455, 456, 458, 478, 490, 496, 497, 539 Chamber of Manufacturers 226 Coast Guard 28, 179, 180, 511 cold war xiv, xxxiv–xxxvi, 415–18 Commission on the Laws of War 270 Committee of Imperial Defence (CID) xi, xiii, xiv, xxiv, xxvi–xxviii, 34, 124, 194, 195, 197, 198, 202, 205, 209, 230, 265, 267–71, 226, 284, 286, 298, 302, 303, 307, 310, 311, 323, 325, 331, 334, 335, 340, 349, 351, 352, 355, 359, 361–4, 373, 385, 390, 392, 447, 448 Congress 12, 32–3, 43, 73, 74, 78, 81, 84, 87, 89, 91, 93, 199, 206, 286, 322, 346, 353, 367, 368, 379, 380, 405, 498 Congress of Paris 43, 81, 84, 89, 91 conjunct capture 61 contraband xviii, xxvi–xxix, 4, 18, 22, 23, 36, 42, 81, 82, 89, 91, 92, 95, 96, 118, 122–7, 138–43, 154–62, 165, 168–70, 177, 178, 185–8, 212, 216–26, 231, 233, 241, 255, 280, 306–8, 312, 313, 318, 319, 322, 324–7, 335, 347, 356, 360, 372, 373, 376, 391, 400, 412–14, 430, 432, 433–7, 449, 456–8, 466, 468, 471, 473, 475, 476, 478, 490, 493, 495, 496, 498, 511–14, 536 convoy 65, 93, 133, 146, 161, 164, 166, 173, 174, 187, 228, 251, 252, 280, 289, 308, 319, 325, 331, 336, 360, 375, 376, 400, 428, 501, 504, 520 copper 127, 140, 171, 209, 223, 225, 240 542 SEA POWER AND THE CONTROL OF TRADE cotton xxii, 30, 39, 44, 46, 127, 140, 170, 209, 261, 522 Council of Five Hundred 20 course of Admiralty xxix, 484 Court of Admiralty 54–8, 63–7, 149 cruiser 6, 69, 124, 161, 162, 199, 203, 205, 298, 331, 346, 353, 421, 427, 428, 440 customs 48, 65, 111, 164, 252, 253, 264, 265, 435, 446, 458, 461–6, 476, 478, 479, 483, 488–93, 508 Customs War Powers Bill 264 debt 284, 356, 357, 406 Declaration of London, xiii, xxvii, xxviii, xxix, 122–8, 136, 148, 150–62, 165, 184–8, 195, 196, 217, 218, 223–9, 233, 240, 301–14, 318, 323–7, 335, 339, 359, 365, 369–7, 385, 387, 398, 404, 406, 413, 536 Declaration of Paris xiii, xviii, xx, xxiii, xxiv, xxix, 3–7, 32, 36–9, 44, 45, 88, 91–6, 122, 123, 136, 150, 155–8, 195, 217, 219, 220, 229, 231–4, 297, 300, 308, 311, 323, 325, 327, 365, 388, 404, 413, 444, 534, 535, 539 Deputy Judge Advocate of the Fleet 290 Director of Plans, Admiralty 197, 271, 416, 513, 515 Director of Training and Staff Duties, Admiralty 289 doctor’s commons 36 dominions 355, 357, 361, 365, 367, 383, 447, 449, 453, 455, 466, 479, 492, 499, 521, 538 economic sanctions xxx, xxxvii, 285, 381, 419, 521 effective blockade xix, xx, xxvi, xxxvi, 3, 4, 6, 22, 42, 45, 89, 90, 91, 103, 108, 111, 116, 117, 136, 138, 154, 160, 227, 239, 241, 242, 248, 258, 272, 283, 313, 395, 421, 422, 425, 434 456, 493, 501– 3, 517, 518 enemy character 145, 146, 187, 188, 259, 307, 373, 374, 378 Enemy Exports Committee 453 Entente Cordial xxx, xxxi, 126, 193, 237, 392 exchanges 30, 31, 167, 212, 370, 384, 462, 469, 502 exports 452, 454, 459, 461, 468, 495 Export Licensing Committee 453 Far East Station 416, 515–17, 525, 533, 539 finance 178, 250, 256, 481, 523 First Lord of the Admiralty 3, 10, 129, 324, 350, 355, 361, 420, 423–6, 449, 455 First Monthly Report submitted by the Minister of Economic Warfare Covering the Period 10th June–10th July 1940 414 First Sea Lord 159, 199, 201, 204, 288, 289, 290, 323, 333, 350, 359, 361, 517, 519, 520, 537 First World War xiii, xiv, xxviii–xxx, 126, 414 flag 4, 17, 32, 38–40, 44, 50, 51, 55, 62, 78, 81, 82, 89, 91, 95, 100, 113, 114, 132, 145, 154–60, 165, 167, 180, 181, 187, 188, 215, 217, 231, 272, 291, 302, 307, 373, 374, 412, 438–40, 483, 504, 522, 525 flax 27–30, 140, 170 food xxiii, xxvi, xxix, xxx, xxxvi–xxxviii, 96, 123–6, 159–62, 193, 195, 204–6, 215, 225, 247, 295, 299, 304, 385–407, 411, 414, 417–25, 450, 504–7, 523, 529, 538, 539 Foreign Enlistment Act 7 Foreign Affairs Committee 262, 330 Foreign Policy Association of New York 406 Foreign Office xxvi, xxvii, 4, 6, 8, 27, 33, 49, 51, 72, 81–5, 88, 91, 95–7, 104, 124, 128, 129, 196, 200, 202, 230, 231, 232, 261, 267–77, 286–8, 297, 300, 301, 307, 310, 311, 318, 329, 338, 342, 349, 361, 362, 363, 367, 369, 382, 391, 407, 412, 416, 418, 424–33, 438–60, 465, 469, 479, 487, 494, 497, 507, 519, 521, 528, 529, 534 foreign shipping 212, 215 fourteen points 208, 237 Franco-Prussian War 5, 7, 81, 535 free goods 4, 19–22, 140, 170, 232 free trade xiii, xvii, xviii, 3, 193 free ships xviii freedom of the seas xxxi, 195–7, 201, 543 208, 211, 212, 218, 229, 230, 237, 238, 251, 360–68, 377, 386, 387, 398, 404, 407, 444, 445 Geneva Convention xiv, xxxvii, 416 Geneva Disarmament Conference xxxii, 199, 270, 273, 275, 293, 295, 325, 329, 338, 347, 388, 416 Government Food Commission (Norway) 226, 227 Grand Fleet 340 Guerre de Course 122 Hague Conventions xiii, xxv–xxxi, 9, 121, 122, 130, 134, 135, 148, 149, 152, 179, 198, 217, 219, 229, 232, 235, 236, 266, 267, 269, 270, 290, 301, 308, 313, 319, 325, 327, 336, 336, 339, 350, 354, 355, 378, 384, 385, 388, 443, 458, 536 Handbook xxxiii, 125, 164, 175, 259, 362, 413, 445, 446, 464, 465, 493, 536, 539 Handbook for Boarding Officers and Prize Officers in War Time 125, 164 Handbook of Economic Warfare 413, 445 Havana Convention 334, 340, 538 Hanseatic towns 19 Harrison and Sons 82 Harvard School of Public Health xxxviii Hemp 27–30, 140, 170 High Court of Appeals 17 hospitals 121, 166, 167, 179, 205, 232, 290, 389, 399, 400, 403 House of Commons xxxv, 5, 83, 92–5, 121, 130, 262, 304, 418 Imperial Defence College 197, 201, 283, 363 Imperial Maritime League 123, 159 India Office 265, 447, 449, 453, 479 insurance xiv, 250, 256, 265, 283, 284, 480, 482 Inter-Allied Trade Committee 210, 211 International Court of Justice xxxviii, 122, 149, 161, 344 International Naval Conference, London 1909 218, 219 International Prize Court 122, 136, 148– 50, 157, 217, 301, 305, 309, 313 iron 216, 223, 260, 261, 423, 428, 495 Jeune Ecole xxiii Judicial Committee of the Privy Council 56, 58, 64, 149, 150, 188 Judicial Committee of the House of Lords 127 Jurgens and Van den Bergh 261 Just War Theory xvii Kellogg-Briand Pact xiii, xxxii, 193, 200–206, 338, 342, 343, 346, 348, 350, 368, 374, 381, 382, 389, 395 King’s Regulations and Admiralty Instructions 413, 508 Knights of Malta 397 League of Nations xiii, xxx–xxxii, 39, 123, 124, 159, 193, 196–205, 209, 214, 217, 230, 236–52, 262–75, 283–8, 316– 21, 328–31, 337–9, 342, 343, 349, 368–70, 374, 381, 389, 390, 394, 395, 407, 411, 414, 430, 431, 444, 468, 537 Letters of Assurance 227, 254, 255, 258 Letters of Marque xiii, xvii, xviii, xxiv, 3, 10, 11–16, 18, 22, 25, 44, 73, 74, 78, 79, 94 Liquor Traffic Agreement 406 Locarno xxxii, 200, 204, 310, 338, 381 The London Gazette 49, 67, 90, 510 London Naval Conference xxxii, 147, 319 mail 44, 49, 167, 193, 308 manifest 122–7, 160 172, 223, 489 Marne, battle 391 Manual of International Law 103 Meat Packers 127, 227 Medicine xxxvi–xxxviii Mercantilist Trade War xv–xviii, xxx, 127, 195 Memorandum on Blockades 8 Memorandum as to Prizes Captured by Colonial Navies 124, 151 Merchants’ Guild of Copenhagen 226 methods of control 252, 257 MI5 276 mines 179, 201, 241, 252, 306, 324, 385, 403, 405 Ministry of Blockade 261, 412 Ministry of Defence 416, 534 GENERAL INDEX 544 SEA POWER AND THE CONTROL OF TRADE Ministry of Economic Warfare 413, 445– 8, 452, 453, 457, 458, 463, 464, 470, 476–83, 487–90, 498–9, 504 Monroe Doctrine xxv, 344, 349 Muller, H and Co. 259 National Socialist Party (Nazi) xxxi, 411 Nationalist (Chinese) 198, 283, 416, 515– 20, 537, 539 Nationalist (Spaniards) 411, 412, 443 Napoleonic War xiii, xv, xvi, xxi, xxix, 5, 150, 155, 157, 302, 311, 375, 380, 388, 394 Naval Intelligence Division, Admiralty xxiv, xxvii, 203, 297 Naval Prize Law Committee 124, 148, 163 Naval Prize Manual (U.S.) 340 naval stores xv, 444 Navicert xxxiii, 127, 412, 450, 469, 470, 486, 488, 503, 512 Navigation Act xvi Navy League xxxi, 411 Naval (Navy) Prize Bill 124, 125, 129, 149, 163, 303, 305 Netherlands Overseas Trust 224, 254 Neutral Tonnage Policy Committee 453 The New Maritime Law Review of Mr Marcy’s Letter to M. de Sartiges 44 New York World 200 Nimrod 533 non-combatants 35, 94, 220, 269, 311, 325 North Atlantic Treaty Organization xxxiv, 533 nuclear weapons 526–8 Oil xxxv, xxxvii, 140, 170, 197, 248, 253, 261, 283, 290, 349, 366, 419, 423, 453, 479, 480, 496, 505, 520, 521, 531, 532 Order-in-Council 3, 37, 56, 58–64, 67, 126, 128, 157, 177, 183–5, 188, 189, 218, 223–7, 231, 279, 307, 308, 420, 461, 462, 465, 466, 496, 509, 536 ‘Ordonnance de la Marine’ 12, 20, 34 Pacific Blockade xxiv, 6, 7, 8, 72, 75, 80, 104–11, 114–18, 198, 283–7, 329, 343, 430, 431, 447, 535 Pan-American Conference 363, 499 Paris Peace Conference xxxi, 134, 135, 194, 210, 217, 301, 313, 319, 342, 362, 363, 368, 380, 386, 387, 445 Parliament xxiv, 22, 55, 57, 58, 64, 67, 87, 88, 93–5, 123, 124, 149, 159, 205, 270, 274, 282, 380, 385, 388, 424, 426, 507, 532 Parliamentary Debates 301–5 perjury 66 Petitions of Right 67 pirates 77, 94, 198, 280–82 Porter Convention (Hague) 9 preemption 62, 186, 222 prisoners of war 54, 233 privateer xvi–xx, xxiii, 4–6, 10–18, 22–5, 32–5, 39–45, 54, 55, 75, 78, 81, 84, 88– 96, 121, 124, 150, 534 private/public war xvi, xxvi Privy Council 125, 149, 150, 188, 194, 314 prize bounty 63, 64, 127, 152, 183, 184, 508, 511 prize court xviii, xxviii, 56–8, 61–4, 67, 68, 122, 125, 126, 131, 133, 136, 142, 146, 148–50, 157, 163, 178, 179, 183, 186, 217, 219, 223, 224, 255, 258, 264, 290, 301, 305, 309, 313, 314, 328, 336, 353, 371, 372, 376, 387, 452, 457, 468, 484–8, 492–4, 511, 536 prize salvage 63, 511 Procurator-General 128, 184, 202, 219, 231, 334, 369, 450–52, 491, 492 Protocol on Submarine Warfare 415 quarantine xxxiv, xxxv, 418 The Queen’s Regulations and the Admiralty Instructions for the Government of Her Majesty’s Naval Service 5, 54, 97 ransom 64 rationing 127, 222, 223, 227, 249, 255–8, 326, 378, 391, 413, 451, 464, 472, 473, 485 Report of Interdepartmental Conference on Status of Dominion Ships of War 124 reprisal (or self help) xxiv, xxv, 7, 68, 109, 200, 413 restriction of enemy supplies 239, 260 Rio Treaty 527 545 Root-Bryce General Arbitration Treaty 201, 348–50 Royal Commission on Food Supply in time of War xxiv Rule of 1756 xvii Russian (Crimean) War xiii, xviii, xix, xxi, xxvi, xxix, 2, 4, 6, 8, 308, 402, 546 Russo-Japanese War xxvi, 217, 300, 309, 312, 330 Second World War xiii, xiv, 413–15 Secondary Statutory List 474 sequestration 109–12 Shackleton 532–3 ship papers 56–9 Sino-Japanese War xxxiii, 411, 431 slave trade 13, 21, 22, 24, 29, 88, 282, 508, 511 Spanish-American War xxv Spanish Civil War 411 Special branch of Scotland Yard 276 Staff Course, Greenwich Naval College 289 Statutory List 452, 460, 463, 464, 466, 474–7, 481, 482, 502 steel 261, 495, 522 Straits Convention 271 Sub-Committee on Belligerent Rights, CID 33, 194, 201, 203–8, 229, 239, 292, 324, 330, 333, 334, 348, 360, 361, 389 submarine 121, 195, 207, 218, 220, 225, 241, 248, 251, 252, 279–81, 306, 331, 340, 378, 390, 391, 394, 398, 403, 405, 423, 494, 504 Submarines and Noxious Gases in War 198, 278 Superannuation Act 57 Supreme Court, U.S. xxi Svenska Kullager Fabrik 261 tallow 27–9 Trade Division, NID, Admiralty xxiv, 239, 415, 416, 511–14 trading with the enemy 22, 37, 255, 264, 306, 449, 459–61, 466, 468, 474–7, 481, 482 Trafalgar 156 Treasury, UK xxiv, 60, 64–6, 163, 285–8, 369, 447–51, 464, 469, 482 Treasury, US xxxiii Treaties of Washington Act 198, 279–82, 288 Treaty of London, 1930 207 Treaty of Washington, 1871 7 Treaty of Washington, (Second) February 1922 278–82, 348 trial by combat xxv U-boat xxx, 547 United Nations xiv, xxxiv–xxxix, 415–19, 531, 532, 533 United Steamship Company 225 Vice-Admiralty Courts 54–7, 149 Vienna, Congress of 13 Vietnam War xxxv visit and search 115, 173, 198, 220, 267– 70, 279–81, 289, 320, 324, 327, 335, 336, 400, 470, 484, 515 War Cabinet xiv, 194, 208, 211, 229, 230, 363, 380, 393, 444, 506 war course, Greenwich Naval College 289 War Trade Board (U.S.) 228 War Trade Intelligence Department 226, 259, 387 Washington Naval Conference, 1921 xxxi, xxxii, 198–204, 266, 269, 278–82, 288, 290, 347, 348, 357, 386, 406 Western Battle of the Sea of Japan 156 White List 452, 454, 469, 471, 474, 475, 478, 480, 481 GENERAL INDEX 546 Alabama xxi, xxii, 6, 49, 68–72, 82, 122 Amethyst 416, 521 Atalanta 18 Bayard 90 Boston 71 Bozhurt 280 Brooklyn 69 Calhoun 71 Chickamauga 71 Clarence 71 Conrad 69 Devastation 101 Doterel 100 Echo 71 Emanuel 18 Fanny 18 Flad Oyen 18 Florida 70, 71 Forte 107, 108 Georgia 71 Hatteras 69, 70 Hood 421 Hoop 18 Jefferson Davis 71 Johanna Sholen 18 Kearsarge 70, 71 Kim 18, 286 Kongosan Maru 442 La Brian 48 Lotus 280 Luchow 440 Madagascar 105 Maria 17 McRae 74 Mercurius 18 Nancy 18 Nashville 48, 71 Olustee 71 Prince of Wales 107 Retribution 71 Rolla 99 San Jacinto 50, 68, 70, 71 Shenandoah 71 Shropshire 421 Sumter 71, 74, 98 Tacony 71 Tishan(Taishan) 441 Tallahassee 71 Trent xxi, xxviii, 6, 48, 50–52, 534 Tuscaloosa 69, 71 Twee Gebroeders 18 Twilling Riget 18 Vixen 72, 75, 79, 80 Wasp 100 Welvaart van Pillaw 18 Vesterland Sverige 400 Wilhelmina 225 Winslow 71 York 71 Zamora 128, 188, 218, 314 SHIP INDEX 547 Acapulco 101 Afghanistan 343 Alexandria 411 Algeria 416 Annam 7, 8 Arabian Gulf (see Persian Gulf) xxxvi, 69 Argentine 72, 75, 79, 95, 99, 100–104, 246, 260, 368 Asuncion 100, 101 Athens 396 Australia 124, 160, 162, 325, 326, 398 Austro-Hungaria xxx Azores 68 Bahamas 46, 70 Baltic Sea xiii, xxviii, xix, 3, 154, 155, 194, 210, 211, 216, 222, 228, 302, 545, 546 Basque region 412, 427, 428 Bayonne 423 Belgium xxxii, xxxiii, 161, 237, 306, 311, 414, 501, 502 Bergen xxxiii, 414 Berlin 27, 95, 157, 195, 390, 526–8 Bermuda xx Bilbao 412, 420–29 Black Sea 3, 271, 396, 498, 545 Blanquilla 69 Bosnia xxxviii, xxxix Brazil 69, 99, 100, 107, 108, 316, 355, 368, 513 British Honduras 149 Buenos Ayres 79, 100, 101, 106 Bulgaria 393 California 69 Canada xxv, xxxiii, 6, 48, 124, 203, 297, 298, 360, 521, 523 Canton 283, 429, 432, 437, 441, 538 Cape of Good Hope 69 Cape Town 69 Caribbean xxv, 526, 528 Carthagena 105 Czechoslovakia (Czecho-Slovakia) 311, 349, 403 Cherbourg 70, 71 Chickamauga 71 Chichibacon 105 Chicago 127 China xxiii, 34, 7, 8, 92, 95, 115–18, 160, 198, 272, 273, 283, 286, 343, 369, 411, 412, 416, 417, 429, 430–41, 461, 516, 518, 519, 525, 537, 545 Chodo 525 Chusan Archipelago 520 Circassia 72, 75, 79 Columbia 14 Confederate States xx–xxii, xxviii, 6, 42, 70–76, 97, 98, 534 Congo 513 Constantinople 280, 282 Corfu Incident 273 Coro 101 Croatia xxx Cuba xxv, xxxiv, xxxv, xxxvii, 355, 402, 418, 525–30 Danzig xiii, 3 Denmark 14, 15, 21, 23, 161, 224–8, 258, 261, 306, 331, 349, 355, 356, 373, 502 Dorodos, Rio 105 Dublin 225 Duoro 101 East Indies 160, 511, 513 Ethan Allen 293 Equator 14, 70, 503 Falmouth 224, 513 Fernando de Noronha 69 Foochow 7 GAZETTEER 548 SEA POWER AND THE CONTROL OF TRADE Formosa 5, 8, 90, 104, 107–10, 114–17, 198, 430, 432, 535 France xiii, xv, xviii, xix, xxii, xxiii, xxxii, 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 20, 21, 23, 26, 28, 34, 38, 40, 43, 44, 72, 75, 76, 78–81, 84, 88, 91, 94, 95, 99, 104, 105, 107–10, 115–18, 161, 194, 208, 209, 231, 237, 238, 248, 266, 278, 288, 293, 301, 311, 331, 348, 355, 356, 394, 396, 397, 405, 406, 414, 441, 444, 498, 499, 502, 505, 507, 542 Genoa 14, 15 Germany xxv, xxvi, xxvii–xxxiv, 8, 11, 20, 95, 115, 124–8, 154–6, 161, 162, 177, 194, 195, 200, 209–12, 214–18, 225–8, 231–7, 241, 242, 247–9, 251, 254, 298, 301, 302, 306, 307, 309–11, 314, 331, 333, 338, 345–9, 385, 386, 390–94, 402, 403, 411–14, 421, 436, 441, 499, 502, 504, 548 Gibraltar 224, 225, 513 Goa xxxv Greece xxv, 77, 80, 110, 125, 327, 343, 402 Haeju 525 Hague 134, 135, 148, 149, 179, 219, 236, 301, 308, 313, 325, 336, 338, 350, 355 Haiphong xxxv Halifax xxxiii, 228 Hendaye 425–7, 443 Honduras 91 Hong Kong 7, 289, 401, 432, 435, 436, 440, 441 Hungary 242, 262 India 15, 69, 92, 164, 178, 265, 279, 355 Indian Ocean 69, 513 Iran xxxvi, xxxvii, 526 Iraq xxxvi–xxxix, 419 Ireland 24, 25, 262 Italy xxxii, 7, 8, 88, 91, 95, 208, 209, 225, 247, 266, 311, 333, 346, 349, 355, 380, 397, 402, 411, 412, 421, 431, 441, 444, 498, 502 Jamaica 46, 69, 228 Jahresbericht für die Rheinschiffahrt 216 Japan xxvii–xxviii, xxxi–xxxiii, xxxiv, xxxix, 9, 156, 207, 209, 217, 248, 266, 272, 273, 300, 309, 312, 330, 355, 356, 402, 406, 411, 412, 414, 415, 429, 430– 42, 538 Jordan xxxvii Jugo-Slavia 246 Kelung 7 Kiel xxviii, 155, 302 Kingstown, Jamaica 228 Kirkwall 224, 513 Korea 417, 418, 525, 540 Kuwait xxxvi–xxxviii, 419 La Guayra 122 Lancaster xxii, 194, 338, 351, 361 Lausanne 290 Lebanon xxxvii Liverpool 29, 49, 68 Lloyd’s Report 218 Lossiemouth 384 Majunga 532 Malabar 69 Malacca 69 Malagazi republic 532 Manzanillas 101 Maracaibo 101, 112 Martinique 68 Mediterranean 46, 77, 289, 411, 414, 428, 443, 498, 512, 513, 533, 539, 546, 547 Mexico 69, 72, 75, 78, 79, 92, 101, 110, 217, 298, 316 Miaotao Islands 520 Monte Video 106 Morea 78 Mozambique xxxv, 69, 418 Nanking 440, 441, 515 Nan-Sha, Cape 90 Nassau xx, 529, 540 Navarino Bay 77 Newfoundland 68 New Granada 104, 105, 110 New Orleans 44, 74 New South Wales 149 Netherlands (Low Countries or Holland, or United Provinces) 14, 20, 21, 95, 134, 135, 161, 209, 224–8, 254, 261, 306, 355, 356, 373, 397, 414, 499, 500–502 549 New York xx, xxii, xxxiii, 47, 200, 212, 406 New Zealand 160, 162, 326, 398 Nicaragua 104, 105, 343, 369 North Sea xxviii, xxix, 154, 156, 222, 225, 302, 330, 403 Norway 224–8, 501, 502 Nova Scotia xxxiii Paengyong Do 525 Panama 105 Paraguay 99–101 Parana River 99,100, 106 Pearl Harbour xxxiii, 414, 415 Persian Gulf xxxvi, 343, 461, 512, 513 Plate, River (La Plata) 102, 105, 106, 110 Port Said 224 Portugal xxxv, 20, 21, 101, 331, 335, 502, 504, 507 Prussia viii, xvi, xxiii, 3, 14, 21, 23, 26– 30, 32, 81, 91 Puerto Cabello112 Pyraeus 396 Rapidan River 205 Rhine, River 216 Rhodesia xxxv, 419, 531, 532 Rio Janeiro 69, 100, 104, 105, 107, 110, 527 Rotterdam 177, 216 Russia xvi–xx, xxiii, xxv, xxvi, xxviii, 3, 9–15, 17, 20, 21, 25–31, 39, 40, 72, 75, 76, 78–80, 88, 91, 217, 226, 242, 247, 248, 283, 287, 316, 333, 343, 393, 394, 414, 431, 534 St. Carlos 112 St. Jean de Luz 423 St. Juan d’Ulloa 79 St. Petersburg 27 Saddle Islands 516 Salonica 125 San Francisco xx, 212 San Juan 105 Santander 422–6 Sardinia 32, 91 Seven Islands, Republic of the 14 Shanghai 416, 432, 436, 437, 515 Shantung 525 Singapore 69, 401 Soo-au Bay 90 South African (Boer) xxvi, xxxv, 129, 160, 180, 181, 312, 419 South America xviii, 14, 69, 81, 91, 160, 280, 373, 498, 500, 546 Soviet Union (see Russia) xxxiv–xxxvi, 417, 505 Spain xv, xvii, xxiii, 14, 20, 21, 81, 82, 92, 102, 316, 348, 355, 411, 412, 420, 421, 429, 502, 513, 547 Sparta 396 Straits of Sunda 69, 71, 274 Straits Settlement 513 Suez xxxv, 416, 532 Sweden xxxv, 14, 21, 23, 193, 211, 225– 8, 258, 261, 400, 502 Switzerland 225, 226, 355 Syria xxxvii, 99 Taedong 525 Tagus River 110 Texas 294 Tsingtao 125, 327, 427 Tokyo 438, 440–42 Tonkin 8 Turkey (Ottoman Porte) 72, 75–81, 84, 91 Tuscany 15 United States xiii, xvi, xviii, xix, xx, xxiii, xxv, xxvi, xxx–xxxvi, xxxix, 4, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14, 20, 21, 23, 32, 33, 35, 36– 43, 46, 50, 52, 53, 70–75, 78, 82, 91–4, 97–101, 103, 122, 125–7, 130, 193, 197–206, 209, 210, 215, 228, 237, 241, 242, 248, 253, 266, 274, 282, 283, 287, 292–300, 305, 308, 309, 311–24, 327, 331–42, 345–56, 360, 363–83, 391, 395, 411, 414, 415–18, 437, 438, 441, 487, 496–9, 505, 527, 530 Uruguay 102, 106 Venezuela xxv, 8, 69, 92, 95, 101, 109–12 Venice 397 Versailles 290 Victoria State 149 Whangpo 520 Yalu 525 Yangtse 416, 432, 433, 515–20
Nicholas Tracy is an adjunct professor in the University of New Brunswick, Canada, an Associate of the Gregg Centre at UNB, a Member of the International Institute for Strategic Studies, London, Visiting Fellow of the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, London, and Associate of the Corbett Centre for Maritime Policy Studies at King’s College, London.
His publications include
• Navies, Deterrence and American Independence (University of British Columbia Press, 1988).
• Attack on Maritime Trade (Macmillan Press, 1991).
• The Collective Naval Defence of the Empire: 1900 – 1940 (Navy Records Society, 1997).
• Sea Power, and the Control of Trade, Belligerent Rights from the Russian war to the Beira Patrol (Navy Records Society, 2005).
• Britannia’s Palette: The Arts of Naval Victory (McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2007).
• Nelson’s Battles, the Triumph pf British Seapower (Seaforth, 2008).
• The Battle of Quiberon Bay 1759, Hawke and the Defeat of the French Invasion (Pen & Sword, 2010).
• A Two-edged Sword: The Navy as an Instrument of Canadian Policy (McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2012.
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