ADDITIONAL ADDITIONAL Instructions, origin of, 5, 352-4 ; how far official, 15 Admirals of Red, White and Blue, 269 #. Advanced squadron, 72-3,341-3 Affleck, Commodore Edward, 26, 29, 30, 53, 189, 235, 260 Ameria, the, 371 Annulling, 51 n., 178, 185, 213, 252, 301, 33.0 Anson, Admiral Lord, 2, 3, 9, 182-3, 353, 382 Answering, 51 n. Arbuthnot, Admiral Marriot, Commander-in-chief, North America, 52 ; his signal book, 53, 235, 249-58; his instructions, 236-48,351,385-7 Armament, heavy, tactical value of, 10-16 Attack, parallel, 55, 134, 172,259, 274-5 At anchor, 114-5, *89, 325 By inverting the line, 134, 173, 225, 251,293 On opposite number, 113,174, 186-7,225,256,293,303,324 On rear, 111-2, 132-4, 165, 171, 174, 184-7, 189, 223, 230, 292, 322 On van, 6o«., 86, 124, 230 Torrington’s, 77, 108, 120, 134, 173, 319, 328-9 See also Chase-general; Engaging ; Concentration ; Line, breaking the; Defiling Audley, Thomas, 364 • BEATSON BARCLAY, Captain Sir James, 33i n. Barham, Admiral Lord, see Middleton Barnaby, Captain Chaloner, 18 n. Barrington, Admiral Hon. Samuel, 42-3, 48, 63, 121, 123, 137, 388 Battle, signal for, 268, 272 Battles. Texel (1673), *73 #• Arbuthnot and Des Touches (1781), 53 Byron at Granada (1779), 5 2 Camperdown, 69 Graves and De Grasse (1781), 53-6 Howe and Cordova (1782), 49, 263 Howe (June i, 1794), 58, 69, 7i,78 Keppel and Orvilliers (1778), 182, 279 n. Knowles off Havana (1748), 153″. Malaga (1704), 25 Matthews off Toulon (1744), 34 Minorca (1756), 25 The Nile, 69 Rodney (April ,17, 1780), 14, 27-8,36, 185-7, 280 ».-“-i Rodney (April 9,1782), 301^.; (April 12), 15, 26-8, 32, Sin., 263, 373 St. Vincent, 69 Trafalgar, 16, 66, 71, 73, 79, 85 Beatson, Ur. Robert, his naval criticisms, 27,31-3, 35 398 INDEX BEDFORD Bedford, H.M.S., 235, 260, 263 Bellerophon, H.M.S., 342 Bence, Alexander, 364 Berwick, H.M.S., 263, 266, 305 Bickerton, Admiral Sir Richard, 50, 121, 137-8 Biddlecombe, Sir George, master of the fleet, 79-81, 379 3ig ships, tactical advantages of, 10-16, 21, 122, 229, 296 Bigot de Morogues, see Morogues Blake, Admiral Robert, 365, 371 Boarding, 86, 174 Bonnechose, Boisnormand de, his book on Tactics, 12 Boscawen, Admiral Hon. Edward, 182-4, 353-4, 383 Bourde’ de Villehuet, see Villehuet Bourdonnais Mahe de la, his signals, 6, 23, 37, 70 Bow and quarter line, see Line of bearing Breaking the line, see Line Brest, Marine Academy at, 4 Bridport, Admiral Lord, see Hood, Alexander. His papers, 63 et seg. Britannia, H.M.S., 135 Brooke, Captain Richard, 367-8 Burnaby, Captain W. Chaloner, 92 Byron, Admiral Hon. John, 30; commander-in-chief North America, 52, 180, 182 ; his action at Granada, 52; Instructions used by, 190-234, 385 CAP FRANCOIS, blockade of, 264, 266 Captains, superseding, in action, 104, 162 Carkett, Captain, 185-7 Centurion, H.M.S., 268 n. Chase, general, 184, 223, 240-1, 277, 291-2, 349. See also Attack on rear Chasing, see Cruiser Instructions Cherbourg, 351 Chessboard, numerary system, 51 «., 58 Choiseul, Due de, 4, 6, 78 DIGBY I * Church,’ signals for, 193. See also Divine service j Clerk, John, of Eldin, i, 2,4, 30 «., 34, 6on., 80, 377-8 Clinton, General, 235 Close of day (signal), 5 ;*., 85,327- 330 Close formation, 10-12 Clynton, Edward, Lord, Lord High Admiral, 364 Codrington, Admiral Sir Edward, 71 n. Common pennant, 193 n. Concentration, 12, 21,71, 122,134, 297 ; on van, 6o#., 160-1 ; on rear, 80, 171 Convoys, signals relating to, 172, 204, 227, 242, 295, 310, 341, 348-9, 350, 359, 360 Cordova, Don Luis de, 49 Cornewall, Captain James, his MS. on tactics, 5 Cornish, Admiral Sir Samuel, 350 Cornwallis, General Charles, ist Marquis, 58, 235, 261 n. Crossing the c T,’ see Raking Cruiser instructions (chasing and scouting), 141-4, 194-203, 253, 273, 347-52, 361 Curtis, Admiral Sir Roger, 21, 59, 64, 79, 316, 390 DACRE, FRANCIS, 365 Dailing, General John, 267 Darby, Admiral George, commander-in-chief in Channel, 39, 41-2, 135, 387 Deane, Admiral Richard, 371 Decisive action, theory of, 10 Defensive, Kempenfelt’s views on, 120 Defiling, attack by, 133 n., 165, 171, 189 Denis (or Dennis), Captain Peter, 268 n. Detached divisions, 13, 47, 85, 101, 132, 159, 172,256 Digby, Admiral Hon. Robert, commander – in – chief North America, 53, 58, 235, 387, 389 INDEX 399 DISPERSING Dispersing, 104, 163 Divine service, 193, 253, 366 1 Divisions ‘ (of crew), 83, 88 Divisions of fleet, independent action of, 327, 335. See also Detached divisions, Order of battle, Organisation Doubling, 22, 34, 60 ft., 63, 77, Son., 120, 134, 172 Douglas, Captain Sir Charles, 29, 121, 302 ft.; Hood’s opinion of, 265 Douglas, Captain John, 181,234 n. Drake, Admiral Francis Samuel, 54 Duff, Captain Robert, 347, 355 Duncan, Captain Henry, 48 Dunkirk, H.M.S., 348 EAGLE, H.M.S., 18 n., 92 Ekins, Admiral Sir Charles, his Naval Battles•, 23 n., 31,35,378 Engaging, 102, 159, 171-5, 257, 35°, 368, 371. See also Attack, Line On opposite tack, 109,160-1, 173 On same tack, no, 321 On arriving up, 132, 174,223, 291, 322 Erie, Sir Walter, 365 Europe, H.M.S., 245 Evolutions, time taken by, 46, 49, 68 n. Excellent, H.M.S., 79 n. Executive signals, 274 ft., 303, 304 FERGUSON, Captain James, 234 n. Fighting Instructions,the General, final form of, 268-80 The Additional Regular (1778), 214 etseq. ; Rodney’s additions to, 229-30 ; final form of, 281-311 ; in signal book form, 235 ; first issue of, 183 ft., 353-4 Fire control, 47-8, 251, 275 Fire-ships, 106, 132,163-4, J 66-7, 172, 175, 228, 243, 295 HARDY Flag officers, station in line, 99, 106, 302 n., 332, 340; shifting flag in action, 164 Flags, expense of, 41; chequered, 38-9, 217 ft.; triangular, 119, 281 Floyd, Lieutenant, 72 Fog instructions, 168-70 Formidable, H.M.S., 281 Fortitude, H.M.S., 43, 137 Foudroyant, H.M.S., 355 Frigates, signals to attack, 172. See also Cruiser instructions GALLEYS in English service, 367 and n. Gambier, James, Lord, 78-9 Geary, Admiral Sir Francis, Bart., commander-in-chief, Channel, , 4o-i, 135 ! Gibraltar, relief of, by Howe, 49, 52, 61, 263 Grand divisions, 76-7. See also Order of battle Grasse, Comte de, 27-8, 31, 189, 263 ; code used by, 51 ft., 53-6 Graves, Captain John (brother of Sir Thomas), 30, 234 n. Graves, Thomas, Baron, 13, 16 ft., 29, 53, IJ 7 j commander-inchief, N. America, 53-8, 235, 259 ; his reproof of Hood, 260 Graves, Admiral Sir Thomas (cousin of above), 19^., 26, 117 ; his criticism of Byron’s instructions, 30, 215 ft., 2l6 ft., 219 ft., 221 ft., 229ft. 5 his criticism ot Hood, 261 ft. ; 38, 135-6, 189, 234-5, 263, 267, 388 Grenier, Vicomte de, his book on Tactics, 23 Guichen, Comte de, 27-8, 52, 186-7 Gunnery, 47, 367 Guns as signals, 177 HADDOCK, Captain William, 371 Hardy, Admiral Sir Charles, 20-1, 29, 37, 60, 118 ; his line of | battle, 17,79,130-1; his signals, i 132-3, 135, 265 4oo INDEX HAWKE Hawke, Edward, Lord, 3, 4, 34, 182-4, 347, 35°» 354 Hood, Admiral Samuel, Lord, 2, 8, 9, 24, 29, 37, 264-6; his relations with Lord Graves, 5376, 260-1 «., 265 ; commander-mchief in Channel, 66-7,189, 317 ; his signals, 301-5, 389-90 Hood, Alexander, Viscount Bridport (brother of above), 63, 316, Hoste, Pere Paul, his book on Tactics, 7, 123 Hotham, Admiral Lord, 49 Howe, Admiral Richard, Earl, 2, 37 ; his instructions (1756), 347 ; (1758), 350-1, 353 ; his last instructions, 316-45 ; his first attempt at reform, 17-20, 82- 116 ; his work with Kempenfelt, 21-3, 33, 42-4, 74, 123, 138, 140-76, 317-18; commanderin-chief in Channel, 29, 42-4, 48-52 ; first lord, 59, 60-6, 69-74 ; his criticism of his new attack, 71 ; his system established, 74, 79. See also Line, breaking the Howe, General William, 5th Viscount, 18 Hughes, Adm. Sir Edward, 137-8 — Adm. Sir Richard, 263 Humphreys, James, 363 INSTRUCTIONS, explanatory to the Signal Book, 33, 44, 49, 64, 70 Fighting and Sailing ; official authority of, 15, 17-8,43, 74, 78-9 French, 78 See also Fighting Instructions JANUARIO, Admiral Antonio, 344-5 Jervis, see St. Vincent KEMPERFELT, Admiral Richard, 2 ; his views and influence on LINE tactics, 3, 6, 7, 10, 20, 30, 33-50, S3) 5 8~6l > 72, 74, 80, 185, 264, 318; as chief of the staff in the Channel (1779-80), 20, 70, 117-23, 135-6; captures De Guichen’s convoy, 52, 138 ; his first reforms, 117-34, 281 ;;., 282 n.j 302 n. ; adopts Howe’s signals, 22, 120, 135-9 > introduces breaking the line, 29-31, 120; his high reputation, 35; flies his flag, 137-8 ; his death, 52, 67 ; his signal-books, 387-9 Keppel, Augustus, Viscount, 43, 182, 279 n. ; his instructions (1756), 349, 382 Keppel, Captain George, 42-3,137 Kit inspection, 91 Knowles, Admiral Sir Charles, ist Bart., his MS. on tactics, 5 n. Knowles, Admiral Sir Charles Henry, 2nd Bart., 2, 17, 20, 37, 77, 325 “•, 391 LANCASTER, H.M.S., 79 n. 4 Landers’ (naval brigade), 267, 313-5 Landing operations, 235, 354; Rodney’s instructions for, 263, 267, 312-15, 355-363; (1756-9) 347-352 ; support of, by ship fire, 362 Lestock, Admiral Richard, 5 n. Line, of battle, signals for, 214-5, 236-7, 250, 268-9, 279, 284, 306, 331-2 ; as convenient or temporary, 255,299,330, 348 Of bearing, 95-7, 155, 183, 215-16, 221 «., 244-5, 285 Breaking the, 15, 24-32, 77, 120, 372-5 ; British signals for, 29-31,60*., 133, 173, 265, 302 ; danger of, 25-6, 374; how parried, 25-6, 28-9,31, 374 ; Howe’s form of, 31,62,64-5,70, 77; his own opinion of same, 71, 85, 114 ; meaning c to quit station,’ 57, 261 n. INDEX 401 LINE Line—continued The close-hauled (Ligne duphis pres)) 77 Equalising the, 13, 47, 99, 109, 112,157,226,227,242, 294, 323, 349 Inverting the, 220, 264. See also Attack Of search, 202, 246-8 Theory of, 55, 108, 319 Long-range firing, tactical use of, 47 MACARTHUR, JOHN (secretary Royal Navy), 2, 37, 57-9, 62, 66-70, 317, 389790 Mackenzie, Captain Thomas, 72;/. Magicienne, H.M.S., 58 Manners, Captain Lord Robert, 7 Marines, duties of, 89, 266 Marlborough, H.M.S., 342, 355 Medway, H.M.S., 350 Merlin, H.M.S., 18^., 92 Middleton, Admiral Sir Charles (Lord Barham), 2, 6, 36-9, 61 Moore, Admiral Sir John, 352 Morogues, Sdbastien Francois Bigot, Vicomte de, his book on Tactics, 3 et seq., 9-16, 21, 25-6, 44-5, 61, 75, 77, 79-80, 118-19, 123 NAVAL brigades, 267 Navy Board protest against ex pense of signal flags, 41 Nelson, Horatio, Viscount, his obligation to French books, 9, 16,73,79, i6i»., 318 Night signals, 128, 231-4, 254, 306-1I Nootka Sound armament, 59, 62, 316 Norris, Admiral Sir John, 5 »., 347 North, Frederick Lord, his administration, 42-3 Nova Scotia Yard, Harwich, 234 Numerary codes, see Signals , QUEEN ORDER of battle, in two or more divisions, 86, 105, 146,222,264, 290,.302 »., 327 Order of retreat, 21-2, 23 «., 34, 68 #., 86, 120/128-9 Orderly book, 87, 140, 190, 357 j Orders of sailing, 21-2,45-7,75-7, 120, 123-7, 136, 147-50, 192, I 333-5; with-convoy, 341 | Ordonnances du Roi, the French Fighting Instructions, 28 Organisation of fleets, 60-4, 72-4, 76, 123, 130-1 Orvilliers, Comte d’, 37,38, 61, 74, 182 Ozanne, his illustrations of tactics, 25 I PAGE, Admiral Benjamin William, So, 137, 388 Page system in signal-books, 51 Parker, Admiral Sir Hyde, 67, i 181, 386 I Parker, Admiral Sir William, 73 Pasley, Admiral Sir Thomas, 73, 342-3 Penn, Admiral Sir William, 365 Phipps, Captain Hon. Charles, 263, 266, 305 j Pigot, Admiral Hugh, 29; his additional signals, 263-7, 281- 3, 301-5, 388-9 Pococke, Admiral Sir George, 35 Popham, Admiral Edward, 365, 371 Portuguese Auxiliary Squadron, 74, 344 Powlett, Captain, 153 n. Preparatory signals, 256, 212 n. y 26 Princess Royal, H.M.S., 52 n. y 180 Private ship signals, 70 Proby, Captain Charles, 350, 382 Pursuit of beaten ships, 102, 161, 174, 276 QUEEN CHARLOTTE, H.M.S., 64, 72 n., 345 D D 4O2 INDEX RAINIER RAINIER, Captain Peter, 137-8 Raking, 13, 47, 122, 228, 242, 257 Raper, Admiral Henry, his book on signals, 17, 36, 74 Red ensigns in action, 167, 299 «., 300 Repeating signals, 107, 142, 164 252, 280, 310-11 Reserve Squadron, 73~4> 344 Retreat, see Order of retreat Rigging, firing at, 251 Rochefort, 350 Rochester, H.M.S., 349 Rodney, George Bridges, Lord, 2, 8, 373 ; his instructions and signals, 12-16, 51, 180-9, 262-7, 301, 353-4, 355-63 ; his views on tactics, 13-15, 24, 53, 122, 280 «., 281 n.’, his character, 16, 36, 39, 40-2, 47, 52, 123, 187-8, 354 n. refuses to adopt signal for breaking the line, 29-31 120-2 Rolle, John, 365 Rooke, Sir George, 25, 381 Royal George, H.M.S., 52; (No. 2), 345 Royal Oak, H.M.S., 55 n. Russell, Admiral Edward (E. of Orford), 182, 381 Russell, H.M.S., 342 Russian armament, 66-7, 317 Ruyter, Admiral de, 173*1. SAILING Instructions, the addi tional, 190-209; Rodney’s additions to, 209-18 ; latest form of, 262 Sailing order, see Order of sailm St. Vincent, John Jarvis, Earl 01 10 n. ; his opinion of Clerk’s tactics, 23, 34, 73 Salter (or Saltar), Captain Elliot, 58 Sanitation in ships of war, 90, 1297*. Saunders, Admiral Sir Charles, his instructions, 1759, 351-2 Sauseuil, Chevalier de, 6, 376 Savage, H.M.S., 30, 234 n. TRIANGULAR Schomberg, Captain Alexander, 62, 69 n., 391 Seniority, 141 . Seymour, Admiral Lord Hugh, 78 Shirley, Commodore, 266 Signal Book, the old, 178^. Signal Book System, 52, 351 Signal codes, numerary, Knowles, 20 ; La Bourdonnais, 6, 36, 70; in the British service, 36 etseq., 51, 58, 6o»., 63, 189; the /page’ system, 51 n., 83 Signal Instructions, Lord Howe’s, 336-9 Spanish armament, 182, See also Nootka Sound Squadron flags, 119, 281-3, 299 nStation, keeping, 93-4, 98, 151, 154, 156, 165, 177, 192, 354; by quadrant, 260 n. ; quitting, 103, 162, 239-40, 256, 276 Steam, advent of, 80;/., 378 Stirling Castle, H.M.S., 350 Stopford, Admiral Hon. Sir Robert, 79 n. Substitute flag, 51 n. Suffren, Bailli de, 12, 137 Superfluous ships, see Line, equalising the Superior enemy, 327-30. See also Line, equalising the Swiney, Captain William, 235 TACTICAL exercises, 49, 64, 67-8, 3i7 Tactics, French works on, ^etseq. ; English ditto, 75-81, 376 ; two schools of, 33, 42 Terrible, H.M.S., 181, 234 n. Text-book on tactics, 75 Three-deckers, tactical importance of, see Big ships Thunderer, H.M.S., 342 Torbay, H.M.S., 349 Torrington, Arthur Herbert, Earl of, 63, 183 ; his form of attack, see Attack Touches, Chef d’Escadre des, 53 Transport instructions, 355 et seq. Triangular flags, 119, 281-3 INDEX 403 VAUDREUIL VAUDREUIL, Marquis de, 28 Venus, H.M.S., 234;/. Vernon, Admiral Edward, 5, 382 Villehuet, Bourdd de, his book on Tactics, 5, 7, 23, 75, 123, 143 n. WALSH, Lieutenant, his signal book, 62, 64, 69, 316 Warwick, Admiral Rober Richard, Earl of, 365 Waters, Lieutenant, his copies of signal-books, 37, 387 YOUNG Weapon as basis of tactics, 9, 12 William Henry, Prince, Duke of Gloucester, 6, 79,;/. Windsor Castle, H.M.S., 331 n. Wodehouse, Admiral Sir William, 364 Wynter, Admiral Sir William, his instructions 1558, 364-71 YORK, JAMES, Duke of, 183,380-1 Young, Captain Walter, Rodney’s first-captain, 39, 180