Roger John Brownlow Keyes, first Baron Keyes (1872-1945). Keyes was a controversial man during his lifetime and has remained so ever since.
His correspondence and papers is a vast collection held at Churchill College, Cambridge, and these volumes are just a selection of them. There has been renewed interest in the period since the publication of Professor Ranft’s The Beatty Papers (NRS Vols 128 & 132) in 1989 and 1993, and Professor Halpern followed these volumes with his Naval History of World War I in 1994.
A full grasp of the participants and the controversies in Keyes’s early naval career (up to 1930) can only be obtained by starting with the 2 volumes of The Jellicoe Papers (NRS Vols 108 & 111) and Beatty Papers. Other relevant NRS volumes are The Cunningham Papers Vols I & II (NRS Vols 140 & 150) and the Somerville Papers (NRS Vol 134).
Volume I, 1914-1918 has a brief introduction which covers Keyes’s life before World War I, culminating in his appointment as Commodore second class and head of the Submarine Service.
He had achieved early promotion for services during the Boxer Rising and was thus one of the rising stars of the Royal Navy. He was present in the confused battle of Heligoland Bight in August 1914 and then Dogger Bank (December 1914).
Keyes was appointed Chief of Staff to Rear-Admiral Carden and travelled to the Dardanelles in February 1915. It was in many ways the high point of his naval career as it was the only occasion in which he had the chance to influence the course of history. The controversy over Gallipoli still runs today and Keyes is an important figure in that controversy. His daily letters to his wife, which acted as a diary, are an essential source for any student of the campaign.
In April 1917 he was promoted Rear-Admiral, and in June he took the position of Second-in-Command of the Fourth battle Squadron. He did not long remain in command as he was soon on his way to the Admiralty as Director of Plans. This was a new section of the Naval Staff, and was concerned with strategic planning. Keyes later took over command of the Dover Straits. The raid on Zeebrugge on 23rd April was undoubtedly one of the most dramatic events of the whole war, and appeared to be a qualified success. Certainly the public adored it, and Keyes was immediately created KCBE.
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INDEX ABRUZZI, Duke of the (Prince Luigi Amadeo di Savoia), 366 and n. Achi Baba, importance of, 282, 283, 291, 292,296, 382; mentioned, 125,135,188, 337. See also Dardanelles Campaign, Gallipoli Actaeon sweep, 421 Adams, Lieut.-Commander Bryan, 488 Addison, Commander (later Admiral Sir) A. Percy: career, 42 n. 3; captain of Dartmouth, 243, 244, 253; suggested successor to S. S. Hall, 380-381; mentioned, xx, xxii, 50, 51, 55, 56, 65, 75,79 Admiralty: and Dardanelles campaign, 212, 266, 271, 277-278, 281, 310, 336; and submarine operations in Baltic, 332-333; sets scale for honours and mentions, 338, 350, 367-368, 415, 504- 505; and DeRobeck, 331-332, 354; and Keyes’s promotion, 339-340; and Zeebrugge-Ostend operations, 413, 414, 482,500,501 and n. 1,504; and publication of Zeebrugge dispatch, 494, 495- 496, 497, 503-504; and German destroyer raids, 459 n. 5,481^82; attempts to economize manpower, 507-508; and internment of German fleet, 515-516; mentioned, 28, 32, 351, 365, 398, 426, 486, 500, 509. See also Churchill, Battenberg, Fisher, Balfour, Jackson, Geddes Adriatic, 337-338, 363, 364, 454 Aegean, 84, 142-143, 185, 269 n. 1. See also Eastern Mediterranean Squadron, Dardanelles Campaign, Mediterranean Albert I, King of the Belgians, 415, 510, 511,512,514 Alexander George, Prince (later Earl of Athlone), 37 and n. 1 Alexander-Sinclair, Rear-Admiral (later Admiral Sir) Edwin Sinclair, 398 and n. 4, 418, 422 Allenby, General (later Field Marshal Viscount) Edmund H. H., 457 and n. Altham, Lieut.-General Edward A., career, 212 n. 2; 212-213, 267, 372 Amade, General Albert d’, 110 and n. 2, 400 Anatolia, 384 Andre, General Louis, 330 n. 2 Anglesey, 6th Marquess of (Charles Henry Alexander Paget), 243 and n. 3 Antwerp, fall of, 39,101 Anzac (beach): visited by Keyes, 161-162, 168-169,171; and August offensive, 177, 178, 183, 185, 186, 261; proposed evacuation of, 245, 252, 260; Cabinet orders evacuation, 254, 278 n. 1, 283; morale high, 263,282,287; preparations for evacuation, 286, 306; evacuation of, 288-290, 316, 319, 335, 338; mentioned, 84, 85, 189, 249-250, 320, 321, 337, 342. See also Gallipoli, Dardanelles Campaign, Birdwood, Godley Arbuthnot, Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Keith: career, 357 n. 1; 357, 359, 360, 365 Archdale, Commander (later Vice-Admiral Sir) Nicholas E., 63 and n. 1 Armies (British): Second,511 Fifth, 514 n. 3 Armstrong, Whitworth and Co., xxii Ashmead-Bartlett, Ellis: career, 138 n. 4; at Dardanelles, 138, 147-148; and Dardanelles Commission, 396, 397 Aspinall-Oglander, Brig.-General Cecil Faber, 316 and n. 2, 388-389 Asquith, Rt. Hon. Herbert Henry (later Earl of Oxford and Asquith), 229, 230 andn. 4, 303 n. 1, 324, 372 Australian and New Zealand Division, 127-129, 161-162, 168-169, 182-184, 189 Austria-Hungary (Navy): operations of, 88, 89, 264, 276, 337; and Black Sea, 304, 305 Ayas Bay (Alexandretta), 243, 245, 248, 259 and n. 1, 260, 273, 383 BACKHOUSE, Commander (later Admiral of the Fleet Sir) Roger R. C., 7 and n. 3 Bacon, Lady, 439 Bacon, Captain (later Admiral Sir) Reginald H. S.: 132 n. 2; in command of Dover Patrol, 132, 368, 376, 380, 396-397; and Channel mine-net barrage, 410, 411, 417; plans for blocking Zeebrugge, 412, 446, 451, 489-490; and Channel Barrage Committee, 419, 421, 422-423, 424-427, 429-432; and patrol of Straits, 437-439; superceded, 439, 443; and Zeebrugge operation, 482; plan for landing on Belgian coast, 512; mentioned, xxi, 420 n. 1,479 527 528 INDEX Baghdad, 360 n. 1. See also Mesopotamia Baird, Commodore George H., 485-486 Baker, Lieut.-Colonel Sir Randolf Littlehales, 515 and n. 1 Baker, Admiral William Henry Baker, 171 andn. 5 Balfour, Rt. Hon. Arthur James (later 1st Earl): career, 145 n. 2; First Lord of the Admiralty, 84, 85, 183, 205, 214, 299, 340, 344; receives Godfrey’s plan, 194, 226,230; and De Robeck, 218,245,255; meeting with Keyes, 220-221, 223, 226-228, 234-235, 256, 293, 384; and Kitchener, 225, 226, 244, 254, 255; and Eva Keyes, 271-272, 324; and evacuation of Gallipoli, 277, 278, 286, 292, 310, 313, 332, 334; and Wemyss, 290, 322, 335, 365 Ballard, Rear-Admiral (later Admiral) George A.: career, 51 n. 2; 5,51,62,63, 349 Baltic, 159, 332-333, 383 Bartolome, Captain (later Admiral Sir) Charles Martin de: career, 221 n. 5; Naval Secretary to First Lord, 76, 221, 243,244,256, 310, 350; and future command for Keyes, 340, 343, 344, 345, 349-350, 355, 359; unpopular in the Grand Fleet, 368-369; and scale of honours for Zeebrugge, 503, 504, 505; mentioned, 228, 230, 231, 293, 381, 496 n. 3 Basrah expedition. See Mesopotamian Campaign Battenberg, Admiral (later Admiral of the Fleet) Prince Louis of, xx, 4,32 and n. 5, 33, 41 n. 1, 55, 58 Bauchop, Lieut.-Colonel A., 161,183 Bayly, Captain E. H., xvii Bayly, Vice-Admiral (later Admiral) Sir Lewis, 26 and n. 3, 34, 134, 412, 442, 446 Beamish, Captain (later Rear-Admiral) Tufton P. H., 58 Beatty, Vice-Admiral Sir David (later Admiral of the Fleet, Earl): career, 28 n. 1; commands Battle Cruiser Squadron (later Fleet), 2, 3, 77, 78, 99, 350 n. 2, 351,376; and Heligoland action, 18 n. 1, 20, 28-29; and future command for Keyes, 345, 355-356, 359; and Jutland, 357,364,365; C.-in-C. Grand Fleet, 408, 410, 413, 448, 487, 498^99; conducts critique of action of 17 Nov. 1917, 418, 488; assists in preparations for Zeebrugge operation, 451, 452, 455-457, 459, 478, 480, 482, 490; on ZeebruggeOstend actions, 483-^84, 486, 499; and operations in North Sea, 486, 488, 502- 503, 505; and internment of German fleet, 516, 517; mentioned, xv, xvii, 384, 405, 497. See also Grand Fleet Beauchamp-Duff, General Sir, 364 and n. 1;365 Belgium (Army), 511 Belgium, coast of, 45. See also Zeebrugge, Ostend, Blankenberghe Belleni, Rear-Admiral Silvio, 377 n. 3 Benning, Lieut.-Commander Charles S., 15 Bentinck, Captain (later Admiral Sir) Rudolph W., 359 and n. 1 Beresford, Admiral Lord Charles, xxiv, 27 n. 1, 126 n. 1, 312 and n. 2 Bernard, Commander Montague R., 459 n. 4 Bertie, Lady Gwendeline, 228 Bertie of Thame, 1st Viscount, 220 Bignold, Sir Arthur, 27 n. 1 Bird, Captain Frederic G., 417 n. 1, 458 and n. 4 Birdwood, General Sir (later FieldMarshal Baron) William Riddell: career, 96 n. 1; in command of Anzac Corps at Gallipoli, 97, 154, 161, 168, 177, 185, 186, 382, 385; and Lord Kitchener, 222 n. 1, 223, 246, 249, 255, 260, 261, 263, 267, 277, 336; given Maori charm by Meux, 231, 246; and evacuation of Anzac, 245, 247,248, 250,252,253, 289, 290, 338; criticized by Keyes, 278-280, 286-287,291,293,301,303; and evacuation of Helles, 316, 318, 319; commands Anzacs on Western Front, 377-378; on the chances of breaking through at Gallipoli, 378; and Dardanelles Commission, 378 and n. 1; criticized by Hamilton, 517; mentioned, 171, 276, 295, 307, 315, 323, 331, 355 Blackwood’s Magazine, 390-391 Blankenberghe (port): base for German motorboats, 467, 482; in ZeebruggeOstend operations, 470, 472, 474 Blockhouse, Fort, xxi, xxiv, 221 Blunt, Captain (later Rear-Admiral) William Frederick, 99 and n. 6, 345 Boedicker, Rear-Admiral Friedrieh, 506 and n. 5 Bonar Law, Rt. Hon. Andrew, 24 and n. 5, 85, 254, 264, 301, 372 Bonham-Carter, Lieutenant (later Admiral Sir) Stuart Sumner, 446 and n. 1, 450, 457 Borkum, 69-70,100 n. 1 Bosphorus, 275. See also Marmora, Constantinople Bowlby, Eva, xix, xx. See also Keyes, Eva Bowlby, Captain Geoffrey, 36, 37, 68, 139-140, 144, 207 Bowlby, Lieutenant Hugh S.: Flag Lieutenant to De Robeck, 24,83,90-92, 94,101; at Dardanelles with Keyes, 111, 121, 122, 125, 141, 161, 176, 185, 250, 293, 319, 389; and death of brother INDEX 529 Geoffrey, 140, 148; returns to England with De Robeck, 253, 264, 265, 302; at Salonika, 346, 357, 358; mentioned, 30, 35, 287, 303, 370 Bowlby, Lettice Annesley (wife of Geoffrey), 140,143, 219 Bowlby, Captain Lionel, 228,231,232,326, 363 n. 1 Boxer Rebellion, xvii, xviii, 317 n. 1 Boyle, Ada, 218, 253 Boyle, Commodore (later Admiral) Hon. Sir Algernon D. E. H.: career, 443 n. 1; with Keyes at Dover, 443, 446,449,456, 481; mentioned, 486, 517 n. 1 Boyle, Lieut.-Commander (later RearAdmiral) Edward Courtenay: career, 65 n. 1; at the Dardanelles, 130, 149, 156, 163, 168, 302; operations in the Marmora, 136, 138-139, 140, 144, 175, 177; and Nagara net, 172, 176-177; mentioned, 65, 159, 208, 212, 341 Boyle, Captain The Hon. James, 38 Bradford, Lieut.-Commander George Nicholson, 486 Brady, Chief Petty Officer Henry W., xviii, 86,90,92,93,97,141,161,219,333 Bragg, Professor W. H., 433 n. 1, 499 n. 2 Braithwaite, Major-General (later General Sir) Walter P.: career, 118 n. 1; Chief of Staff to General Hamilton, 118,119,126, 128, 137, 154, 155, 385, 400 n. 2, 401; relations with Keyes, 156, 157,166,167, 215; superceded, 213, 215; criticizes Birdwood, 279; and Dardanelles Commission, 393; mentioned, 161, 185, 216, 231, 318, 353, 405 Brand, Captain (later Admiral) Hon. Sir Hubert G., 210 and n. 1, 359 Brazil (Navy), xvi Brindisi, 357 Brock, Wing Commander Frank A., 446 and n. 3, 473, 479, 498, 509-510, 516 Brock, Commodore (later Admiral of the Fleet Sir) Osmond de Beauvoir, 99 and n. 2, 376, 423, 448 Brodie, Lieut.-Commander (later RearAdmiral) Charles Grant, 91 and n. 1, 123, 125, 141, 142 n. 1, 169, 171 Brodie, Lieut.-Commander Theodore S., 123, 134,149 Browning, Admiral Sir Montague E., 120 and n. 3, 121, 441 and n. 4 Brownrigg, Commodore (later ViceAdmiral) Sir Douglas E. R., 491 and n. 1,492-493 Bruce, Captain (later Vice-Admiral) Alan C, 63 Bruce, Admiral Sir James A. T., xviii Bruce, Lieut.-Commander Kenneth M., 168, 193 and n. 5, 194, 208, 302 Bruen, Captain (later Admiral) Edward F., 369 and n. 2 Bruges: canal, 397 n. 1, 411, 412, 414, 461-463, 475, 501; German warships at, 415, 498, 504; and Allied advance, 512, 513 Bulgaria: enters war, 85,201 n. 2,206,209, 255; mentioned, 140,150, 151, 211, 233 Buller, Captain Henry T., 450 Burney, Vice-Admiral Sir Cecil, 370 n. 1, 372 Burney, Commander Sir Charles Dennistoun, 145 and n. 4 Byng, Lieut.-General Hon. Sir (later Field Marshal, 1st Viscount) Julian: career, 207 n. 2; views of, 222, 260, 261, 274, 279,280; morale of troops low, 271,282; and evacuation of Suvla, 278, 288-289, 290, 339; mentioned, 184 n. 2, 207, 262, 263, 267, 517 n. 1 CADORNA, General Count Luigi, 337 and n. 4 Calais: allied conference at, 303; defence of, 479, 481 Callaghan, Admiral (later Admiral of the Fleet) Sir George A., 7 and n. 2, 339 Campbell, Captain (later Admiral) Alexander V., 369 and n. 7 Campbell, Lieut.-General Walter, 274 and n. 1 Garden, Admiral Sir Sackville Hamilton: career, 88 n. 1; commands Eastern Mediterranean Squadron, 6, 82-83, 88, 93, 95, 104, 105; Keyes’s opinion of, 103, 153-154, 206; health of, 107-110; mentioned, 115, 118, 133, 136 Carpenter, Captain (later Vice-Admiral) Alfred F. B.: career, 446 n. 4; Keyes’s liaison with Beatty, 449-453, 455, 456; during Zeebrugge operation, 413, 511; mentioned, 446, 486 Carson, Sir Edward H.: career, 223 n. 1; favours evacuation of Gallipoli, 223, 254, 264, 301; mentioned, 85, 278, 330, 441 n. 1 Carver, Captain Edmund Clifton, 395 and n. 3 Cater, Lieut.-Commander E. H., 177 Cattaro, 337 Cay ley, Lieut.-Colonel (later MajorGeneral) Douglas Edward, 321 and n. 1 Cayley, Captain (later Admiral) George Cuthbert, 78 and n. 2,133,134, 377 Ceylon, 366 Chamberlain, Rt. Hon. Sir J. Austen, 272 and n. 1 Channel Barrage Committee: interim report, 419, 420-422, 423, 432-433; final report, 432-436, 438; mentioned, 411, 425. See also Dover Straits mine-net barrage, Dover Patrol, Keyes, Bacon Chichester, Lieut.-Colonel Frank E., 451, 452, 453 530 INDEX China (Imperial Army), xvii, xviii China (Imperial Navy), xvii Christian, Rear-Admiral (later Admiral) Arthur Henry: career, 14 n. 1; at Suvla landings, 172, 180, 181, 187; relations with Keyes, 218, 233-234, 297, 336; mentioned, 14, 36, 276, 396 Churchill, Major John S. S., 136 and n. 3 Churchill, Rt. Hon. Winston S.: First Lord of the Admiralty, xxii, xxiii, 3, 24, 30, 53, 90, 93; career, 24 n. 3; supports Keyes, 5, 6, 73, 79, 339; Loch Ewe conference, 26, 27, 31; relations with Fisher, 41-42, 51, 56, 228- 229; relations with Tyrwhitt, 53,54,132; Keyes’s opinion of, 71; and Dardanelles campaign, 83, 104, 109, 110, 121, 122, 153, 304; forced to leave Admiralty, 84, 144-145; possible visit to Dardanelles, 163; meeting with Keyes, 221, 227, 228-229, 381; and Lord Kitchener, 228- 229; on Keyes’s role at Dardanelles, 283; and De Robeck, 293, 301, 335; and Dardanelles Commission, 327,387,389; urges Balfour to recall Fisher, 344, 354; mentioned, 34,178,254,271,272, 517 Churchill, Mrs. Winston, 228 Cochrane, Lieut.-Commander A. D.: operations in Marmora, 163, 167-168, 172,173; captured, 193; mentioned, 208, 212 Colfox, Lieut.-Colonel W. Philip, 516 and n. 1 Collet, Captain C. H., 322, 328 Colville, Admiral Hon. Sir Stanley C. J., 339 and n. 1 Combes, Emile, 330 n. 2 Connaught, Field Marshal Arthur, 1st Duke of, 37 and n. 2 Constantine I, King of Greece, 211, 246 n. 1, 246-247, 361. See also Greece Constantinople, 140, 168, 348, 349, 383, 384,406. See also Marmora, Bosphorous Corfu, conference at, 386-387, 404 Coronel, naval action, 53 n. 1 Cowan, Captain (later Admiral Sir) Walter H.: career, 22 n. 2; commands 1st Light Cruiser Sqdn., 398-399, 418- 419, 422; Keyes wishes he had been at Zeebrugge operation, 453, 487-488; mentioned, xix, xxi, xxiii, 23 n. 1, 39 Cowans, General Sir John Steven, 287 and n. 1 Cowley, Lieut.-Commander Charles H., 361 n. 1 Craven, Lieutenant (later Commander Sir) Charles W., xx n. 2,42 n. 2,50,56 n. 1,74 Crease, Captain Thomas E., 62 and n. 1, 144 Creighton, Rev. Oswin, 250 and n. 1 Cromie, Commander Francis N., 332 and n, 3 Ctesiphon, 360 n. 1 Culley, Lieutenant (later Group Captain) Stuart D., 506 and n. 1 Culme-Seymour, Captain (later ViceAdmiral Sir) Michael, 457 and n. 3,459 Cunningham, Commander (later Admiral of the Fleet, 1st Viscount) Andrew Browne, 501 n. 3 distance, Admiral Sir Reginald, 234 and n. 1 Cuxhaven, raid on, 6, 64-66, 77 n. 1, 107, 177 DALLAS, Major-General Alister Grant, 314 and n. 1, 508 n. 1 Dampier, Rear-Admiral Cecil F., 439 Daniel, Major Edward Y., xix Dardanelles Campaign: bombardment of forts, 83, 90-91, 94-96, 101, 102-104; naval attack of 18 March, 83, 110-112, 113-115,116-118, 382-383; minesweeping operations, 94-96,98,105-107,113; seaplane operations, 95,96,98,102-103, 104,177; landing of demolition parties, 95-96, 98, 100-101; Keyes ready for renewal of naval attack, 322, 327; air operations, 322-323, 328; Wemyss advocates renewal of naval attack, 268- 269, 283-285; mentioned, 82, 323, 326, 344. See also Gallipoli, Anzac, Suvla, Keyes, De Robeck, Wemyss Dardanelles Commission: Keyes attempts to avoid, 367, 370, 384; requests statement from Keyes, 374-375; and Birdwood, 378; and Capt. Douglas, 379- 380; and water situation at Suvla, 380, 388-389, 390-391; and lan Hamilton, 385-386, 393-395, 402-403; Keyes’s statement to, 387-389, 389-392; Keyes testifies before, 395-396, 401-402, 405; and operations on Asiatic shore, 399- 400, 401; conclusions on possibility of successful naval attack, 403, 407; mentioned, 326-327, 383 Dardanelles, Submarine operations: Holbrook’s work, 72-73, 139; difficulties, 140,155;NagaraNet, 168,172,175, 176, 193; mentioned, 128, 173. See also Boyle, Nasmith, Cochrane Dargai, action, 127 Dartigue du Fournet, Vice-Amiral LouisRen6: career, 207 n. 4; promoted, 242, 304; good relations with British, 305, 330; mentioned, 207, 208 Davidson, Captain (later Vice-Admiral) Alexander Percy, 146, 452 and n. 1, 454 Davies, Lieut.-General Qater General) Sir Francis John: career, 249 n. 2; views on evacuation, 260,261,263,267,277, 218; Keyes’s opinion of, 262; and evacuation of Helles, 316,322,339; mentioned, 249, 271, 282, 295, 323 INDEX 531 Davies, Squadron-Commander (later ViceAdmiral) Richard Bell, 322 and n. 3, 328 Dawnay, Captain (later Major-General) Guy P., 163 and n. 5,174, 255, 273 Dawnay, Major The Hon. Hugh, 52 Dean, Lieutenant Percy T., 511 DeBon, Vice-Amiral Ferdinand, 193 and n. 1, 276-277 Dedeagatch, 116 n. 1,160 n. 1, 211, 217 Deedes, Brigadier-General Sir Wyndham, 273 and n. 1, 274 Degoutte, General Jean-Joseph-Marie, 514 and n. 1 De Lisle, Major-General (later General) Sir H. de Beauvoir, 184 and n. 1 Delme-Radcliffe, Brigadier-General Sir Charles, 219 and n. 3 Denmark, 34, 40 Dent, Captain (later Admiral) Douglas Lionel, 204 and n. 1, 217 n. 1, 392 Derby, 17th Earl of (Edward George Villiers Stanley), 513 and n. 4 De Robeck, Rear-Admiral (later Admiral of.the Fleet) Sir John Michael: first Admiral of Patrols, xxi, xxiii; career, 22 n. 1; and minesweeping, 23; secondin-command, Eastern Mediterranean Squadron, 90 n. 2, 91, 92, 94-96, 101, 107; relations with Garden, 107-108, 109; succeeds Garden in command of E.M.S., 83, 110; and naval attack of 18 March, 117, 297-298, 400-401, 402; and landing at Gallipoli, 128, 154, 155, 382, 400-401, 405 n. 2; requests Admiralty decision on renewal of naval attack, 83, 84, 135, 150, 254, 382; relations with Keyes, 118,136,141; and German submarines in Mediterranean, 142, 143; Keyes’s opinion of, 154-155, 156, 157, 158, 405 n. 2; relations with Churchill, 163, 344; relations with Hamilton, 167, 385, 399; and Suvla landing, 172, 181-182; comments on Keyes and Godfrey’s proposals for renewal of naval attack, 190 n. 1, 191- 192, 201 n. 1; appoints committee to study proposals, 204; opposed to renewal of attack, 85, 186-187, 206, 208, 210-211, 215-216, 268; permits Keyes to argue case at Admiralty, 85,216,218, 227, 232-233; and bombardment of Dedeagatch, 217; proposes to return to England on leave, 227-228, 244-248, 251, 253, 255; relations with French Navy, 242, 269 n. 1, 305, 330, 331; health of, 243,246, 335; and evacuation of peninsula, 245, 252, 308, 315, 316, 319, 320; departs for England, 85, 86, 256-257, 265; returns from leave, 280, 282, 287, 290; on Keyes remaining as C.O.S., 293,295,302-303,312,313-314, 336; effects of 18 March on, 297-298, 301, 303, 384; mentions Keyes in dispatch, 303, 334; and E.M.S. in Aegean after evacuation, 322, 332, 352, 356, 358; encourages Keyes to seek a command, 339-340, 345; relations with Sarrail, 346, 347, 349, 353; commands 3rd Battle Squadron, 326, 364; controversy with Admiralty over honours for E.M.S., 367-368; and Dardanelles Commission, 327, 379, 387-389, 390- 391, 393, 397, 407; commands 2nd Battle Squadron, 376; mentioned, 161, 276, 337, 355, 362, 398, 452, 453, 456, 486 Deville, Commandant, 55 n. 1 Divisions (British): 2nd Cavalry division, 67 n. 3; 3rd Cavalry division, 4, 36 n. 3; 7th division, 4, 36 n. 3; 10th (Irish) division, 178, 179, 180, 182, 189, 280, 354; llth division, 178, 180, 185, 189; 13th division, 178, 185, 189, 355; 27th division, 329; 28th division, 329; 29th division, 178, 179, 182, 184 n. 2, 321, 382, 405 n. 2; 52nd division, 286 n. 1; 53rd division, 394; 54th division, 394; Royal Naval division, 95 n. 2; 314, 318, 319,321,323,451,474,479,482. See also Australian and New Zealand Division Dix, Commander Charles C, 171 and n. 7 Dogger Bank, action (1915), 6, 79 n. 1, 345 n. 2, 376 Dogger Bank, incident (1904), xx Dorrien-Smith, Major Edward P., 221 n. 1 Douglas, Captain (later Vice-Admiral Sir) H. Percy, 379 and n. 1,380,443,457,473 Douglas, Flight Lieutenant N. S., 103 n. 3 Dover Patrol: Keyes assumes command, 410, 411, 439-440, 441, 443; German raid on, 413,458,459-460; Keyes’s plan for, 443-445; mentioned, 34, 48, 475. See also Channel Barrage Committee, Keyes, Bacon Dover Straits: used by German submarines, 410, 412, 415, 417; N.I.D. reports, 416,419-420,423,424-427,429, 430; German submarines continue to pass, 437-439; mentioned, 411,441,443. See also Channel Barrage Committee, Keyes, Bacon Dover Straits Mine-Net Barrage: German submarines destroyed in, 412, 413; Munro’s proposals for, 416-417; reported ineffectiveness of, 419-422, 425, 432-433; proposals for, 425-429, 430- 431, 432, 436; success of minefield, 449, 453, 480; mentioned, 410, 458. See also Channel Barrage Committee, Keyes, Bacon Drake, Sir Francis, 415 Dreyfus affair, 330 n. 2 Drummond, Captain John E., 178 532 INDEX Duckworth, Admiral Sir John, 206 and n. 1 Duff, Rear-Admiral (later Admiral Sir) Alexander L., 477 and n. 2 Dumas, Captain (later Admiral) Philip W., 9 and n. 1, 42, 56, 453 n. 2 Dunkirk, 328, 479, 481, 500, 501, 504 n. 4 Durazzo, 337 EADY, Commander George G., 440,441 Eastern Mediterranean Squadron: and French C.-in-C, 305; dwindles after evacuation, 326; memorandum on submarines prepared for, 340; honours and mentions for, 367, 370; mentioned, 362, 364, 366, 368, 380. See also Dardanelles Campaign, Garden, De Robeck, Keyes Edmonds, Flight Commander (later Air Vice Marshal) C.H.K., 177 n. 2 Edward VII, King of England, xx Egerton, Admiral Sir George Le Clerc, 134 and n. 2 Egypt: defence of, 245, 259, 263, 266, 284, 294; Keyes doubts Turks will attack, 334-335; mentioned, 296, 307, 364 , Ekelund, Mrs., 229-232,240 n. 1,253,281, 303 Elisabeth, Queen of the Belgians, 415, 511 Elliot, Lieut-Colonel Bertram N., 474 Elliot, Sir Francis, 157 and n. 1,158 Elliot, Brigadier-General Gilbert S. McDowell, 169 and n. 2, 249, 250, 385 Ellison, Commodore (later Rear-Admiral) Alfred A., 381 and n. 1 Enver Pasha, 167 and n. 1 Erskine, Vice-Admiral Seymour E., 459 and n. 1, 496 Everett, Commodore (later Admiral) Sir Alan Frederick: career, 26 and n. 2; and Keyes’s proposal for new attack on Dardanelles, 383-384; and Zeebrugge dispatch, 503, 504 n. 1; mentioned, 219, 256, 408, 454 FAIRHOLME, Brigadier-General William E., 275 and n. 1 Falklands, action, 58, 67, 89-90 Fatou, Vice-Amiral Louis Ernest, 404 andn. 2 Feilmann, Lieut.-Commander F. E. B., 15 Ferdinand I, Tsar of Bulgaria, 207 and n. 1 Ferguson, Lieutenant Adam, 459 n. 4 Fergusson, General Sir Charles, 171 and n. 2 Fergusson, Captain (later Admiral Sir) James A., 369 and n. 3, 485 F.I.A.T. (firm), xxi, xxii Fircks, Kapitanleutnant Freiherr von, 122 n.4 Firle, Kapitanleutnant, 138 n. 3 Firman, Lieutenant Humphrey O. B., 361 andn. 1 Fisher, Admiral (later Admiral of the Fleet, 1st Baron) Sir John Arbuthnot: career, 41 n. 2; and submarine service, xxi, xxiii, xxiv; criticizes Keyes’s submarine policy, xxiv, 4; recalled by Churchill, 4, 41-42, 50, 58 n. 1, 73, 76; relations with Keyes, 50-51, 62, 71, 79, 104,110,126, 500; ideas on submarines criticized, 5,63; relations with Tyrwhitt, 53-56, 132, 144; and Dardanelles campaign, 84, 116 n. 1, 228-229, 393; leaves Admiralty, 144, 229, 254; reported scheming to return, 160,163,164; Churchill urges Balfour to recall, 344, 354; mentioned, 27 n. 1, 98, 134, 178 n. 2, 345, 411. See also Churchill Fisher, Admiral William Blake, 299 and n. 1 Fisher, Captain (later Admiral Sir) William W., 484 and n. 1 Fitzgerald, Lieut.-Colonel Oswald A. G., 224 and n. 1,225,243-246,248,252-253 Fitzmaurice, Gerald H., 116 and n. 1,122 Fitzmaurice, Commodore (later ViceAdmiral) Sir Maurice Swynfen, 392 and n. 2 Flanders, 412, 479, 480, 509 n. 2, 511-514 Flanders Flotillas (German Navy): submarine operations, 412, 413, 415, 423; N.I.D. on approach routes, 440-441; destroyer raids, 481-482, 504 n. 4; evacuation of, 509. See also: Dover Straits, Dover Mine-Net Barrage, Zeebrugge Flint, Alexander, 230 and n. 1, 231 Foch, Marshal Ferdinand, 513 and n. 2 Forbes, Commander William B., 143 and n. 4,148 Fortnightly Review, 385 Foster, Lieut.-Commander J., 67 Fournier, Vice-Amiral Francois, 86 and n. 2, 87 France (Army): operations on Asiatic side of Dardanelles, 201-202, 204, 330, 347, 399-400; and General Sarrail, 330 and n. 2, 347-348; in Flanders (1918), 511- 513, 514; mentioned, 318, 323, 330 France (Navy): operations in Adriatic, 88, 89; at Dardanelles, 102, 105-106, 172, 193; and attack of 18 March, 111, 112, 117; and renewal of naval attack, 241- 242; anti-submarine operations in Mediterranean, 242-243, 269 n. 1, 304; and Mediterranean agreements, 295 n. 1, 299; mentioned, 198, 340, 349,404,481. See also Guepratte, Lacaze Franks, Lieutenant Ivan B., 450,452,484, 488 Fremantle, Admiral Sir Sidney R.: career, 285 n. 1; remarks on Zeebrugge operation, 475-476; mentioned, 285,316,362, 448 INDEX 533 French, Field Marshal Sir John D. P. (later 1st Earl of Ypres), 23 and n. 2, 93, 352 Fuller, Captain (later Admiral Sir) Cyril T. M.: career, 423 n. 3; in Plans division, 410,446,452,456; and Channel Barrage Committee, 422, 423, 436 Furse, Roger, 118, 126 Furse, Lieut.-General Sir William T., 119 and n. 1 Fyler, Captain (later Admiral) Herbert A. S., 102 and n. 2, 146 GABE Tepe. See Anzac Gallipoli: plans for army to land, 83, 84; landing on peninsula, 127-129,137,382, 405, 452 n. 2; military operations, 135- 136, 147, 154-155, 156, 157, 175; possible use of troops from Salonika, 275-276; final evacuation, 326; and Sarrail, 348, 349; mentioned, 82, 178, 201,415,495,517. See also: Dardanelles Campaign, Helles, Anzac, Suvla, W Beach, Y Beach, V Beach Gamble, Admiral Sir Douglas Austin, 170 and n. 1, 171 Garnett, Flight Lieutenant W. H. S., 103 n. 1 Gaselee, General Sir Alfred, xviii Gask, Fleet Paymaster Walter, 439 and n. 1 Gauchet, Vice-Amiral Dominique-Marie: career, 242 n. 1; creates difficulties at Salonika, 295, 304, 305, 330; and Keyes’s Legion of Honour, 333, 341; mentioned, 242, 329, 331, 346, 404 Geddes, Rt. Hon. Sir Eric C, 398 and n. 2, 408 n. 2,411,441 n. 1,492-493,507,514 George V, King of England, 99-100, 133, 134,314,401,516 Georges (naval interpreter), 120 Germany (Navy): and submarines, xxii, 34, 100; submarine operations in Mediterranean, 84, 135, 137, 142-143, 185, 210, 269 n. 1; surrender of submarines at Harwich, 415, 516-517; internment of fleet at Scapa Flow, SIS- 516, 517; mentioned, 13, 14, 159, 327, 413. See also Flanders Flotillas, High Seas Fleet Gervese See Millot, Lieutenant de vaisseau Charles Gibb, Colonel Alexander, 422 and n. 2, 423, 436 Gillman, General Sir Webb, 355 and n. 1 Godfrey, Captain (later General Sir) William Wellington: career, 104 n. 1; on staff of Eastern Mediterranean Squadron, 83, 153-154, 156, 157-158; agrees with Keyes on renewal of attack, 135, 150, 186; and preparations for Suvla landing, 172, 179; helps Keyes prepare appreciation for De Robeck, 187, 188; scheme for renewed attack on Dardanelles, 84, 194-201, 204, 205, 209, 235 n. 1, 239; and evacuation, 258, 274, 277, 280, 321; and Mediterranean convention, 299; drafts memorandum for Malta conference, 340; on situation in eastern Mediterranean, 404,405,406; criticizes Hamilton, 405; Keyes unable to secure for Zeebrugge operation, 456; mentioned, 211, 248, 298, 302, 311, 339, 348, 365, 403, 407, 485, 517 n. 1 Godley, Major-General (later General) Sir Alexander J.: career, 161 n. 2; at Anzac, 161,162,168, 217; and evacuation, 263, 286, 289, 339; morale of troops high, 271, 282; and Dardanelles Commission, 378 n. 1 Godsal, Lieut.-Commander Alfred E., 450 and n. 2 Goodenough, Commodore (later Admiral Sir) William E.: career, 17 n. 1; and Heligoland action, 17, 20, 21, 28; mentioned, 3, 29, 53 Gorringe, Lieut.-General Sir George F., 361 and n. 4 Gosling, Major George Edward, 38 Gough, Major-General (later General Sir) Hubert de la Poer: career, 34 n. 1; on situation in France (1914), 67, 68; Keyes wishes he was at Dardanelles, 247, 251, 253, 273; relieved from command, 514 and n. 3, 515; mentioned, 34, 119, 296, 323, 336, 378 Gough, Brigadier-General John Edmond: career, 23 n. 1; death of, 93-94, 97, 99; posthumous honour, 125; Keyes wishes he was at Dardanelles, 251, 253, 273; quoted on military leadership, 349; mentioned, 23, 34, 67, 119, 161, 180, 212, 240, 247-248, 289 Gough, Lady Dorothy (sister of Keyes): and death of husband, 93; 97, 125; supplies quotation on leadership from husband, 349; mentioned, 52, 67, 220, 231, 251, 313, 348 Gough-Calthorpe, Admiral Hon. Sir Somerset Arthur, 370 and n. 2, 372,407, 515 Granard, 8th Earl of (Bernard A. W. P. Hastings), 353 and n. 1, 354, 358 Grand Fleet: atmosphere in, 34, 151,161; Keyes reluctant to leave for Admiralty, 327, 410; command for Keyes in, 345, 384; and volunteers for Zeebrugge operation, 446, 451, 452, 456, 457, 459, 474, 480, 490; contingent from in Zeebrugge operation, 484, 486; operations in North Sea, 350 n. 2, 486, 502 n. 1; mentioned, 3, 370, 371, 485. See also Beatty, Jellicoe, Jutland, Scapa Flow 534 INDEX Grant, Captain (later Admiral Sir) Heathcoat S., 331 and n. 1 Grant, Captain (later Admiral) Henry William, 299 and n. 1 Grant, Vice-Admiral William L., 365 n. 1 Greece: policy of, 140, 150; contraband trade, 158; and Bulgarian mobilization, 206,207; declines to enter war, 211, 213, 233, 268; situation in, 246, 253, 259, 326, 347, 361, 368; British policy towards, 334, 384. See also: Salonika, Constantine I Greene, W. Graham, 367 and n. 2 Guepratte, Vice-Amiral Emile-PaulAimable: career, 91 n. 2; commands French Squadron at Dardanelles, 91, 101, 112, 156, 174, 207; good relations with British, 218, 241, 242, 295, 305, 330; mentioned, 172,193, 304, 333, 341, 400 Guest, Captain Rt. Hon. Frederick E., 93 and n. 2, 97, 109, 228 Gurkhas, 184 Gully Beach, 306, 316, 317, 319, 320 HAIG, Field Marshal Sir Douglas (later 1st Earl), 245 and n. 1, 412, 508, 513, 517 n. 1 Halahan, Commander Henry C., 442 and n. 2, 443, 457, 483 Halahan, Lieut.-Commander Robert C., 66 Hall, Clifford, 164 Hall, Captain (later Admiral) Sydney Stuart: career, 42 n. 1; and submarine service, xxi, xxii, 300, 380; association with Fisher, xxiii, xxiv; recalled by Fisher, 42, 50, 51, 56, 73 Hall, Captain (later Admiral Sir) William Reginald: career, 134 n. 3, Director of Naval Intelligence, 116 n. 1, 137, 1 SI- 152, 173, 256, 410, 440, 447, 451, 458, 460; views on situation, 160-161, 163- 164, 209-210, 506-507; and Eva Keyes, 293, 301, 336; mentioned, 253, 264, 299, 491 Halsey, Captain (later Admiral Sir) Lionel, 29 and n. 1, 372, 386, 478, 491 Hamilton, Admiral Sir Frederick Tower, 20, 310 and n. 1 Hamilton, General Sir lan: career, 110 n. 1; commands Mediterranean Expeditionary Force, 96 n. 2,110,118,126, 127, 128, 147, 155, 178 n. 2, 317, 382, 400; and Keyes’s father, 119, 126; relations with Keyes, 137, 156, 163, 224-225; and August offensive, 183,185, 201; optimism of, 192, 205; superceded, 213, 214, 215, 216; on Birdwood, 279, 517; anxious for Keyes to testify before Dardanelles Commission, 327,385-386; and Sarrail, 348, 349; and Dardanelles Commission, 385-386, 387-389, 393- 395, 396, 397, 402-403; and operations on Asiatic shore, 399-400; on role of C rovidence in campaign, 401; criticized y Godfrey, 405; mentioned, 154, 158, 167, 324, 353, 415 Hammersley, Major-General Frederick, 185 andn. 1 Hankey, Colonel (later Baron) Sir Maurice P. A., 230 and n. 1, 231 Hardinge of Penshurst, Baron, 362 Hardy, Lieut.-Commander Henry N. M., 450, 457 Hartlepool, 5, 63 Harwich Force, xv, 146, 342, 350 n. 2, 358 n. 1, 471, 483 n. 1 and n. 2, 505 n. 2. See also Tyrwhitt Haselfoot, Captain Francis E. B., 443 and n. 4, 457 Haskins, Lieutenant Frank, 322, 328 Hayes-Sadler, Captain (later ViceAdmiral) Arthur, 114 n. 1 Heath, Admiral Sir Herbert L., 476, 477 and n. 1 Heaton-Ellis, Lieut.-Colonel Sir Charles H. B., 30 Hedjaz, 371, 373 Heinecke, Korvettenkapitan, 458 n. 1 Heligoland (Bight): action of August 1914, 3, 9-14, 14-16,17-20, 21, 22, 28-29, 31; action of November 1917,418-419,488; mentioned, 2, 410, 497 Heligoland (Island), 100 Helles, Cape: military operations, 84,169- 170,178,183,262,286; beaches damaged by storm, 249, 250; to be retained after evacuation of Suvla and Anzac, 85, 252, 260, 278 n. 1; evacuation discussed, 254; state of morale, 263; request for permanent squadron off, 281- 282, 285; difficulty of retention alone, 283-284, 285, 293; preparations for evacuation, 297,305-306; evacuation of, 86, 315-321, 335, 336, 338. See also Gallipoli, Dardanelles Campaign Henderson, Lieut.-General Sir David, 224 and n. 3 Heneage, Captain (later Admiral) Algernon: career, 89 n. 2; in charge of minesweeping at Dardanelles, 142; and bombardment of Dedeagatch, 217; on situation in Adriatic, 386-387; mentioned, 89, 172, 204, 281, 352 Henry, Prince of Prussia, xvi Herbert, Lieut.-Colonel Hon. Aubrey, 162 and n. 2 Herbert, Lieut.-Commander (later Captain) Godfrey, 11 and n. 1, 15, 208, 446 Herr, Capitaine de fregate (later ViceAmiral) Octave Benjamin, 86 n. 1, 87, 89, 192 INDEX 535 Hersing, Kapitanleutnant, 143 n. 1, 192 n. 1 Heseltine, Lieut.-Colonel Christopher, 219 and n. 1 Hesketh, Lady, 226, 243, 271, 301, 322 Heyssler, Limenschiffskapita’n Erich, 163 and n. 2 High Seas Fleet: operations, 5, 60, 145- 146, 357, 486 n. 2, 502 n. 1; destroyer flotillas raid Dover Straits, 458 n. 1, 460; possible counter-stroke to Zeebrugge operation, 506-507; mentioned, 21, 383, 410, 514. See also Germany (Navy) Hill, 971 ft., 183-184, 337. See also Anzac Hipper, Admiral Franz von, 516 n. 2 Hoare, Lieut.-Commander K. R., 487 Hodges, Captain (later Admiral Sir) Michael Henry, 343 and n. 1, 345 Holbrook, Lieutenant (later Commander) Norman D., 72 and n. 1, 73, 341 Holland type submarine, xxi Hood, Paymaster Basil Frederick, 245 and n. 2, 269, 303, 368, 370 Hood, Rear-Admiral Hon. Horace L. A., 25 and n. 3,26,132,359, 360, 365 Hope, Anthony, 287 Hope, Captain (later Admiral Sir) George P. W., 138 and n. 1, 369,477, 489 n. 1 Home, General Henry Sinclair, 244 and n. 1, 245, 247-248 Horton, Lieut.-Commander (later Admiral Sir) Max K.: career, 25 n. 2; submarine operations in the Baltic, 40 n. 3,159,160, 332; mentioned, 15, 24 n. 2, 25, 38 Hoskins, Brigadier-General Sir A. Reginald, 240 and n. 3 Howard, Captain William Vansittart, 458 and n. 3 Howell, Brigadier-General Philip, 323 and n. 1, 328, 329 Hoyer, raid on, 350-351 Hsi-cheng Fort, xviii Hull Inquiry, xx, 86, 88. See also Dogger Bank Incident Hunter-Weston, General Sir Aylmer, 127 and n. 1,129,130,155,158,166,405 n. 2 Hurd, Archibald, 385 and n. 2, 387, 392 IMBROS, 323, 453 n. 2. See also Kephalo India, Government of, 360-361, 372 Ireland, 24, 31, 353, 354, 362. See also Ulster Ivanov, Captain S., 305 JACKSON, Admiral (later Admiral of the Fleet) Sir Henry B.: career, 145 n. 3; First Sea Lord, 84, 145, 153, 218, 256; conversation with Keyes, 219-220, 222- 224, 226, 227, 259; and letter from De Robeck concerning Keyes, 232-233; conversation with Wemyss, 310, 313, 334; criticized by Keyes, 322, 332; mentioned, 365, 371, 372 Jackson, Commander John Metcalfe, 457 and n. 2 James, William, xv, 57 Jameson, Lieut.-Commander Arthur G., 15 Jamts, Jean, 331 n. 3 Jaures, Vice-Amiral Marie-Paul-Louis, 331 and n. 2 Jellicoe, Admiral (later Admiral of the Fleet, 1st Earl) Sir John R.: career, 26 n. 1; commands Grand Fleet, 3, 4, 26, 27 n. 3, 40-41, 120, 342, 350 n. 2, 363, 365; and command for Keyes, 343, 345, 349; First Sea Lord, 408, 410, 411, 412, 423, 430-431, 451; relieved as First Sea Lord, 441 n. 1, 442; and Zeebrugge operation, 488, 489-492; mentioned, xxiii, 77, 456, 508 Joffre, General (later Marshal) Joseph Jacques Cesaire, 201 n. 2, 209, 303 n. 1, 330 and n. 1, 347, 349 Johns, Arthur, xx n. 2 Johnson, Captain Robert W., 32 Jones, Major Walter, 160 Jutland, battle of: Keyes receives news of, 356-358, 359, 360; and Harwich Force, 358 n. 1; Tomkinson’s comments on, 363-364; Wemyss’s comments on, 365; honours for, 369-370; Cowan remarks on lack of critique, 418; mentioned, 326, 327, 376, 410, 415, 482 KANIN, Vice-Admiral, 332 n. 2 Kelburn, Viscount, 38 Kellett, Lieut.-Commander G., 172 n. 2 Kelly, Captain (later Admiral of the Fleet Sir) John D., 90 and n. 3, 270 Kelly, Captain (later Admiral Sir) William A. Howard, 90 n. 4 Kemp, Captain (later Admiral) Thomas W., 27 and n. 2 Kenworthy, Lieut.-Commander Hon. Joseph M., 454 n. 3 Kephalo: piers at, 165-166; damaged by storm, 267, 270, 285; mentioned, 187, 208, 286. See also Imbros Kerr, Rear-Admiral (later Admiral) Mark E. F., 366 and n. 1, 368, 386 Keyes, Lieut.-Commander Adrian: and landing at Y Beach, 124, 127-130, 146, 158, 306; commands destroyer Wolverine, 130, 138, 142, 187, 217, 218, 265, 317; mentioned, 84, 291, 316, 323, 346 Keyes, General Sir Charles Paton (father of Roger), xv, 119 and n. 2, 126 Keyes, Captain Charles Valentine, xvii, 224 and n. 2, 323 Keyes, Diana (daughter of Roger), 136 n. 1, 221, 231, 250, 253 536 INDEX Keyes, Dorothy See Gough, Lady Keyes, Elizabeth (daughter of Roger), 136, 138, 146-147, 221, 342 Keyes, Eva (wife of Roger): and Keyes’s return to London, 219-221, 225, 230, 231, 240; at dinner with Churchills, 227, 228, 229; Keyes sends to F. S. Oliver, 253-255, 257, 264, 275, 278, 280; Oliver advises, 271-272,324; and Admiral Hall, 293, 301, 336; luncheon with Wemyss, 310-311, 312, 313, 335; mentioned, 85, 136, 216, 283. See also Bowlby, Eva Keyes, Geoffrey Charles Tasker (son of Roger), 397 and n. 1, 404, 416 Keyes, Katherine (Mrs. Charles Wintour, sister of Roger), 221, 326, 357, 359 Keyes, Katherine (daughter of Roger), 136 n. 1, 221, 231, 232 Keyes, Lady (Katherine Norman, mother of Roger): and Keyes’s return to England, 229, 230, 231; death of, 326, 360, 363 n. 1; mentioned, xv, xix, 300, 301, 308, 333, 439 Keyes, Phyllis (sister of Roger): at Dardanelles, 218, 250, 253; returns to England, 256-257, 264-267; mentioned, 324, 333 Keyes, Roger John Brownlow (later Admiral of the Fleet, 1st Baron): early career, xv-xvi, xix-xx; in China, xyixix, 317 n. 1; commands submarine service, xx-xxiv, 2, 4; relations with Fisher, xxiii-xxiv, 4-5, 6, 41-42, 50, 51, 56; and Heligoland action, 3, 9-10,11- 13,16-17,18-20, 30, 31; proposes sending submarines to Baltic, 4, 34, 39-40; covers passage of division to Zeebrugge, 4, 36-39; on submarines and defence against invasion, 42-49,50,53; attempts to intercept German battle cruisers, 5-6, 58, 59-61; and raid on Cuxhaven, 6, 56-57, 65, 66; at Loch Ewe conference, 25, 26, 27, 31; on torpedoeing of the “Bacchantes”, 31, 32, 33, 34; directed to write memorandum on submarine work, 30, 35; relations with Tyrwhitt, 6, 53-56, 76-79; and difficulties of communication with Admiralty, 61-62, 64 n. 2; on defence of Borkum by torpedo craft, 69-70; operations off Belgian coast (1915), 70-71; opinion of Churchill, 71; proposes reorganization of submarine service to S. S. Hall, 74-76; chief of staff at Dardanelles, 82, 83, 91, 96-97; and bombardment of Dardanelles forts, 90- 91, 94-96, 101, 102, 104; landing of demolition parties, 95-96, 100-101; minesweeping of Dardanelles, 105-106, 107,113; on Garden, 103,108,110,118, 153-154; and change of command in E.M.S., 107-108,109,110; naval attack of 18 March, 110-112, 113-115, 116- 118, 170, 187, 381; relations with De Robeck, 84, 85, 117, 119, 121, 122; reorganizes sweeping force, 118, 381- 382; opinion of Wemyss, 121; on Samson, 121-122; landing at Gallipoli, 126, 127-129; proposes renewal of naval attack, 135, 149-150, 174-175, 186, 187, 188-191, 382; and German submarines in Aegean, 136-137, 140, 142-143, 147; presentment of death, 141-142; on Ashmead-Bartlett, 147- 148, 396 n. 1; on Turkish conduct, 148; on De Robeck and renewal of attack, 150, 186-187, 224; on qualities of De Robeck, 154-155, 156, 157-158; visits Anzac, 161-162,168-169,185,186; possibility Churchill will visit Dardanelles, 163; illness, 164-165; criticizes army methods, 165-166, 167, 170, 273-274, 318-319,329,335; visits Helles, 169-170, 171; landings at Suvla, 172, 177, 178- 181, 182-183, 184, 185, 186; supports Godfrey’s scheme, 201-204, 204-205, 206, 235 n. 1; efforts to convince De Robeck, 206, 208, 210-211, 213-214, 215-216, 245-247; on supplying army, 212-213; permitted by De Robeck to argue case at Admiralty, 85, 216-219, 232-233; discussions at Admiralty, 219- 221, 223, 224, 226, 259; discussions with Balfour, 220-221, 223, 226-228, 234- 235, 241, 271-272; talks with Kitchener, 221-223; 225-227, 258-259; talk with Hamilton, 224-225; meeting with Churchill, 221, 227-229, 381; and Kitchener’s voyage to the Dardanelles, 229, 243-244; meeting with Mrs. Ekelund, 229-230; discussion with Hankey, 230-231; memorandum for Balfour, 235-240; efforts to convince McMahon and Home, 247-248; on dangers of evacuation, 249-250; encounters with Monro, 250-251, 261, 262, 265-266; and Wemyss’s readiness to resume attack, 251-252,286,290-291; authorizes wife to seek F. S. Oliver’s assistance, 253-255, 301, 336; informs Col. Fitzgerald of position at Admiralty, 255-256; efforts to prevent evacuation, 258, 263, 270, 274-275; reports to Admiral Oliver on Kitchener’s visit, 258-262, 263, 281, 285; anxiety over winter gales, 267; suggests De Robeck should get new chief of staff, 271, 281, 287, 295, 298, 302-303, 312-314, 341; receives evacuation order, 277-278,279, 291; evacuation of Suvla and Anzac, 286, 288-290; discussions with LyndenBell, 296,301; on De Robeck and effects of 18 March, 297-298, 301-304; preparations for evacuation of Helles, 303, 305-308; awarded C.M.G., 311, 332, INDEX 537 333, 336, 337; evacuation of Helles, 314-315, 316-322; and renewal of attack on Dardanelles in the future, 322, 382-384; chaffs under routine as chief of staff, 326, 331, 334, 336; at Salonika, 328-329, 353; seeks command in Grand Fleet, 339-340, 343-345, 349-350, 355- 356; at Malta conference, 340; conversations with Sarrail, 347-348, 349; on Monrp’s published dispatches, 354- 355; receives news of Jutland, 356-358, 359, 360; awarded D.S.O., 358, 359, 363, 364; controversy with Admiralty over honours for E.M.S., 367, 368-370; and Dardanelles Commission, 326-327, 367,370,374-375,384,387-389; rumour he will get Dover Patrol, 376-377, 396, 397; and testimony before Dardanelles Commission, 385-386, 389-392, 395- 396, 399-400, 401-402, 406-407; promoted to Rear-Admiral, 386; possibility of new command, 398-399; appointed to 4th Battle Squadron, 401,404; appointed Director of Plans, 327,408,410, 416, 507-509; and Channel Barrage Committee, 411, 419^20,422-423, 436; and patrol of Dover Straits, 424-430, 435 n. 1, 437-439; commands Dover Patrol, 411, 412, 415, 439-440, 441, 443-445; German destroyer raids on patrol, 445, 446, 448 n. 4, 458, 459-460, 481-482; preparations for blocking enterprise, 445.447, 450-452, 452-454, 455^58, 460,469 n. 1; anti-submarine operations, 449, 451, 453, 480; views on Richmond, 454 n. 3; delay in Zeebrugge operation, 478-480, 480-482; raid on Zeebrugge and Ostend, 412-415; created K.C.B., 485 n. 1, 486; describes ZeebruggeOstend operations, 487^88, 510-511; on Jellicoe’s role in preparation of plan, 489-492; publication of Zeebrugge dispatch, 493-494, 495-497, 503-504; and possible return to Grand Fleet, 499-500, 502, 505; chances for third attempt against Ostend, 500-502; on economizing manpower, 507-509; supports Allied advance in Flanders, 509 n. 2, 510, 511- 514; onBirdwood, 517 Keyes, Brigadier-General Sir Terence, xvii, 127 and n. 2, 224, 243 Keys, Fleet Paymaster John A., xxiv, 126 n. 1 Khartoum, 371 Kipling, Rudyard, 273 n. 2 Kitchener, Field Marshal Earl: career, 101 n. 1; and Dardanelles campaign, 163, 170, 205, 399; meeting with Keyes, 85, 221-223, 224-227, 258-259, 381; to go out to Dardanelles, 228, 229, 256; and Ayas Bay scheme, 243; proposes evacuation, 244, 245, 255, 259-260, 261; final visit to Dardanelles, 247-249, 252-253, 254, 258-262; on Greek situation, 246, 259; criticized by Keyes, 265-267, 277, 278, 280, 301; F. S. Oliver’s opinion of, 272, 294, 324; and Birdwood, 287; and Monro, 291, 292; interview with Wemyss, 309, 311; mentioned, 39, 101, 282, 323, 337, 344, 358, 362 Kum Kale, 399, 400 n. 1, 401 Kut al Amara, 360 n. 1, 361 LACAZE, Vice-Amiral Lucien: career, 241 n. 1; interview with Keyes, 241-243, 256; on Gauchet, 305; and zones in Mediterranean, 311; mentioned, 235, 299, 359 Lake, Lieut.-General Sir Percy H. N., 361 and n. 3, 364 Lamb, Colonel Sir Charles Anthony, 219 and n. 2 Lambart, Captain Hon. Lionel J. O.: career, 161 n. 1; with Keyes at Dardanelles, 161, 172, 185, 248, 282, 292; and Suvla landing, 179, 181, 183; and renewal of naval attack, 186, 188, 204,211; on internment of German fleet at Scapa, 515-516; mentioned, 265,270, 276, 291, 293, 322, 334, 335 Lambe, Brigadier-General Charles L., 511 n. 3 Lambert, Admiral Sir Cecil Foley, 310 and .n. 2, 372, 507 Lapage, Lieut.-Commander Walter N., 221 Lapeyrere, Vice-Amiral Augustin Boue de, 192 n. 3, 193, 304, 305, 330 Larken, Captain (later Admiral Sir) Frank, 217 n. 1,368, 500 and n. 1,511 Laubeuf type submarine, xxii Laurence, Commander (later Admiral Sir) Noel F., xx n. 2, 25 and n. 1, 40 n. 3, 208, 332-333 Laurenti, Engineer Major Cesare, xxi Lawrence, Major-General Hon. Sir Herbert A., 307 and n. 1, 308, 316 Layard, Lieut.-Commander Brownlow V., 45 Leach, Colonel (later Brigadier-General) H. E. Burleigh, 52 Learmonth, Captain (later Admiral Sir) Frederick Charles, 422, 423 and n. 4, 436 Le Cateau, 513 Leir, Lieut.-Commander (later RearAdmiral) Ernest W., 8 and n. 2, 10, 15, 30 Le Mesurier, Captain Charles Edward, 134 and n. 1 Lemnos, 83, 93, 323, 453 n. 2. See also Mudros Leveson, Admiral Sir Arthur C, 32 and n. 1,62 538 INDEX Levetzow, Kapitan zur see Magnus von, 506 and n. 3 Limpus, Admiral Sir Arthur Henry, 147 and n. 2, 280, 295, 299 Litchfield-Speer, Captain (later RearAdmiral) F. Shirley, 422, 423 and n. 2, 436 Little, Commander Charles J. C., xx n. 2 Littlejohns, W. T., xv Lloyd George, Rt. Hon. David, 514 n. 3 Loch Ewe conference, 4, 25-27 Loder-Symonds, Captain (later ViceAdmiral) Frederick P., 351 and n. 2 Long, R. Eric O. (later Viscount), 185 and n. 2 Lotbiniere, Major-General Alain Chartier Joly de, 249 and n. 1, 250, 385, 388, 395 Ludendorff, General Erich, 415, 479, 481 n. l,497n. 2, 514 n. 3 Lusitania, 152 Lynden-Bell, Major-General Sir Arthur L.: career, 251 n. 1; encounters with Keyes, 261, 265, 266, 277, 301; Keyes’s opinion of, 262, 338, 339, 389; views on operations, 264-265, 273, 274; describes Keyes to De Robeck, 295; mentioned, 251, 300, 304, 307, 322, 354, 371 Lynes, Captain (later Rear-Admiral) Hubert: career, 71 n. 3; Captain of Warspite, 497-500, 502; prepares lecture on Zeebrugge raid, 503, 505, 510- 511; mentioned, 71, 502 MACARTHUR, Lieut.-Commander Colin G., 124 n. 2, 125 McClintock, Captain (later Vice-Admiral) John W. L., 102 and n. 1, 204, 217, 282, 358 Macedonia, 326. See also Salonika, Greece McLellan, Mr. W., 422, 423, 436 McLennan, Professor J. C., 433 n. 1 McMahon, Sir Henry, 243 and n. 1, 245- 247, 253, 266, 372 McMahon, Lady, 372 Macnamara, Rt. Hon. Thomas James, 504 and n. 5 Macrorie, Captain (later Vice-Admiral) Arthur Kenneth, 322 and n. 2 Madden, Vice-Admiral (later Admiral of the Fleet) Sir Charles E., 26 and n. 5,398 Mahon, Lieut.-General (later General) Sir Bryan T.: career, 182 n. 1; commands British forces at Salonika, 323, 330, 353, 354; mentioned, 182,184 n. 2, 329, 340, 355 Malcolm, Colonel Neil, 251 and n. 2 Malta: conference of allies, 333, 340; and French patrol authorities, 404 Marix, Flight Commander R. G. L., 322, 328 Marker, Colonel Raymond John, 52 and n. 3 Marmora: operations of British submarines, 84,193-194,308,319; activities of Boyle, 136,138-140,172; activities of Nasmith, 140, 149; activities of Cochrane, 163, 167-168, 173; activities of Nasmith and Boyle, 175-176, 177; and possible operations by British squadron, 200-201, 202, 232, 237-240, 254. See also Dardanelles, Constantinople, Nasmith, Boyle Masterton Smith, James E., 230 and n. 3 Maude, Major-General Sir Frederick Stanley, 314 and n. 2 Maxwell, General Sir John, 222 n. 1, 243 and n. 2, 245-247, 253, 266 May, Admiral of the Fleet Sir William Henry, 367 and n. 4, 379, 407 Meade-Fetherstonhaugh, Captain (later Admiral) Hon. Sir Herbert, 30 and n. 2 Mears, Sir Edward Grimwood, 374 and n. 1, 375, 401-402, 407 Mecca, Shereif of, 371 Mediterranean: German submarine operations, 210, 242-243, 269; allied agreements, 295 n. 1, 299 n. 1, 304-305, 311; anti-submarine operations, 333-334, 340; Corfu conference, 386 n. 5, 404; difficulties of divided control, 485-486; mentioned, 503, 510. See also Aegean, Adriatic, Malta, France (Navy) Mellin, Commander Arthur A., 459 n. 3 Mercer, Major-General Sir David, 452 and n. 3, 453, 455^56 Mesopotamia, campaign, 160, 293, 360- 361, 364-365, 371 Methuen, Field Marshal Paul Sanford, 3rd Baron, 147 and n. 1 Meurer, Rear-Admiral Hugo von, 515 n.2 Meux, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Hedworth (Lambton): career, 29 n. 4; to be told of operations at Dardanelles, 173, 175, 187; and Keyes’s scheme for renewal of naval attack, 221, 231; sends Maori charm for Birdwood, 246,279; mentioned, 29, 30, 38, 50, 67, 101 n. 2,120 Meux, Lady, 101, 104 Michelangelo, 494 Millot, Lieut. de vaisseau Charles: career, 89 n. 1; liaison officer at Dardanelles, 89, 172, 185, 217, 306; returns from Dardanelles with Keyes, 218, 219, 241, 256; at Salonika, 305, 346, 353, 358; mentioned, 192, 208, 359 Milne, General (later Field Marshal, 1st Baron) George F., 358 and n. 3,359 Milo, squadron at, 269, 291 Mitchell, Captain (later Admiral) Francis Herbert, 316 and n. 3 Mitylene, 323, 330, 331 Molteno, Captain (later Vice-Admiral) Vincent B., 369 and n. 5 INDEX 539 Molyneaux, Captain Hon. Sir Richard F., 37 n. 3, 38 Monro, General Sir Charles C: career, 220 n. 1; report from Dardanelles, 222, 224; desire to evacuate peninsula, 245, 248, 249, 260, 264-265; encounter with Keyes, 250-251, 253, 255, 261, 262, 265-266; relations with Wemyss, 257- 258, 261, 262, 277, 281, 282, 291, 292, 296; upholds primacy of campaign in France, 266-267, 268, 334; opposes transfer of troops from Salonika, 274, 275, 279; and evacuation of Gallipoli, 278, 336, 338, 339; Keyes’s opinion of, 286, 287, 303, 304, 307, 383, 389; published dispatch, 354-355, 365; mentioned, 220, 229 n. 1, 293, 295, 300, 301, 334-335, 403 Morgenthau, Henry, 212 n. 1 Moore, Admiral Sir Archibald G. H. W., 99 and n. 4, 376 More, Lieut.-Commander George I. S., 301-302 Moreau, Vice-Amiral Frederic-Paul, 346 andn. 1,349, 358 Morgan, Lieutenant Charles E., 488 Morris, Capitaine de frigate (later ViceAmiral) Eugene Marie Joseph, 404 and n. 3 Moschopoulos, General, 346 n. 5 Moynihan, Sir Berkeley G. A., 35 and n. 1 Mudros, 83, 85, 105, 119, 166, 273-274, 453 n. 2. See also Lemnos Munro, Captain Donald, J., 416, 417, 435 n. 2 Murray, Sir Oswyn, 492 n. 1 NAPIER, Lieut.-Colonel Hon. Henry Dundas, 276 and n. 1 Napier, Lady, 276 Napier, Vice-Admiral Sir Trevylyan Dacres Willes, 418 and n. 4 Nasmith, Lieutenant (later Admiral Sir) Martin Eric Dunbar-: career, 66 n. 1; submarine operations in Marmora, 138, 139, 140, 144, 149, 175, 177, 212, 275, 302; mentioned, xx n. 2,40 n. 3,64,107, 159, 172, 208, 341 National Review, 514 Nelson, Vice-Admiral, 1st Viscount, xv, 342 Newman, Cardinal, 353 and n. 2 Nicholson, Captain Bertram W. L., 32 n.4 Nicholson, Captain (later Admiral Sir) Douglas R. L., 32 n. 3,408 and n. 3 Nicholson, Brigadier-General John, 205 and n. 2, 252 Nicholson, Rear-Admiral (later Admiral) Stuart, 275 and n. 1, 276, 349 Nicholson, Field Marshal Lord William Gustavus, 393 and n. 1, 394, 402, 407 Nicholson, Captain (later Admiral) Wilmot S., 54 and n. 1 Nickoli (naval interpreter), 120 Nicol, Vice-Amiral Ernest Eugene, 207 and n. 5, 304, 305 Noel, Admiral Sir Gerald, xix Norman, Lieut.-Colonel (later BrigadierGeneral) Claude Lumsden, 97 and n. 4, 379 Norman, Lieut.-General Sir Francis Booth, 97 and n. 2 Norman, Field Marshal Sir Henry, xv Norman, Katherine. See Keyes, Lady Norman, Lieut.-Colonel Walter Henry, 97 and n. 3,171, 379 Northcliffe, Lord (Alfred C. W. Harmsworth), 160 and n. 3, 164 Northern Mine Barrage, 410, 417, 423 n. 7 Norway, 410, 423 n. 7 OLIVER, Wing Commander Douglas A., 66 and n. 4 Oliver, Frederick Scott: career, 163 n. 4; offers to act as Keyes’s secretary, 220, 241; Keyes sends wife to, 253-255, 257, 264, 275, 278, 280; advises Eva Keyes, 271-272, 294, 301, 336; on evacuation of Gallipoli, 323-324; and drafting of Keyes’s Zeebrugge dispatch, 493-494; mentioned, 85, 163, 174, 348, 349 Oliver, Rear-Admiral (later Admiral of the Fleet) Sir Henry F.: career, 25 n. 5; Chief of the War Staff, 55, 56, 64, 73, 98,132,160, 214; interview with Keyes, 219-220, 226, 227, 256; Keyes reports to about Kitchener at Dardanelles, 258- 262, 263, 276, 281, 285; and Plans division, 423, 429, 436, 489 n. 2; mentioned, 25, 76, 310, 311, 358 n. 1, 448 n. 3 Onslow, Captain Brian, 171 Operations Division (Admiralty), 410, 445 Orkneys, 410 Ormsby Johnson, Lieutenant Lionel S.: at Dardanelles, 121, 248, 287, 293, 303; in the Aegean, 334, 347, 356 Osel (island), 506 Osborne, Commander (later ViceAdmiral) Edward O. B. S., 454 and n. 2, 457 Ostend: minelaying off, 451, 453; plan for blocking, 423, 450, 460-461, 464-467, 470-475, 489; blocking operation, 412, 414, 498, 500, 501 n. 1; and Jellicoe, 489-492; possible 3rd blocking attempt, 496 n. 3, 497, 499, 501-502; allied advance and capture of, 415, 510, 512- 514 PAKENHAM, Vice-Admiral (later Admiral) Sir William C., 418 and n. 2,419 Pardoe, Dr., 221, 228 540 INDEX Paris, Major-General Sir Archibald, 314 and n. 3, 319 Patey, Vice-Admiral (later Admiral) Sir George E., 99 and n. 1 Pau, General Paul M. C. G., 87 and n. 1 Peiho River, xvii, xix Peirse, Vice-Admiral Richard H., 109 n. 3, 312 and n. 1,365 Peking, xvii, xviii Pelly, Captain H. B., 79 and n. 1, 359 Pemba (island), xvi Phillimore, Captain (later Admiral Sir) Richard F.: career, 90 n. 1; at Dardanelles, 115, 117, 146, 167, 169; interview at Admiralty, 214-215; on submarine operations in Baltic, 332-333; and Dardanelles Commission, 392; and action of 17 Nov. 1917, 419, 422 Phillpotts, Captain (later Admiral) Edward M., 368 and n. 3, 369, 384 Pickford, Rt. Hon. William, 394 and n. 1, 402, 407 Pilkington, Lieutenant G., 71 Pirie, Lieutenant Wilfred B., 208 Plans Division (Admiralty): scheme for blocking Zeebrugge and Ostend, 412, 489, 490, 496 n. 1; and Dover mine-net barrage, 417; and Northern Mine Barrage, 423 and n. 7; mentioned, 410, 425, 451, 507-508 Poett, Major-General Joseph H., 395 and n. 2 Port Said, 365 Potts, Lieutenant Thomas M., 265 Pound, Captain (later Admiral of the Fleet Sir) A. Dudley P. R., 410, 423 and n. 8, 425, 445 QUEBEC, 405 RAMSAY, Commander (later Admiral) Hon. Sir Alexander R. M.: career, 88 n. 2; on staff at Dardanelles, 88, 91, 95, 104,153-154,172,217,248; and Keyes’s plan for renewal of naval attack, 204, 211; mentioned, 218, 302, 328, 349 Ramsay, Hon. Patrick W. M., 88 and n. 3 Red Sea, 362, 365 Rede, Commander Roger L’Estrange Murray, 504 Reed, Brigadier-General (later MajorGeneral) Hamilton Lyster, 180 and n. 3, 181, 184, 279-280, 281, 288 Reeves, Captain (later Vice-Admiral) Edward, 18 and n. 2,20,21-22,121 Regiments (British): 10th Hussars, 38 17th Lancers, xvi, 307, 308 Bedfordshire, 30 Buffs (East Kent Regt), 329 Gordon Highlanders, 38, 119 n. 2 Grenadier Guards, 38, 283 n.l Irish Guards, 162 King’s Own Scottish Borderers, xvii, 127 Lancashire Fusiliers, 128 Life Guards, 36, 37, 52 Royal Fusiliers, 329 Royal Horse Guards, 36, 37 Royal Scots Fusiliers, 38 Royal Welch Fusiliers, 317 n. 1 Royals (The 1st [Royal] Dragoons), 36, 38 Scots Greys, 35 Scots Guards, 38 South Wales Borderers, 51-52, 452 n. 2 Worcestershire, 128, 321 Regiments (Indian): llth Bengal Lancers, 171 24th Punjab Infantry, 97 Guides Cavalry, xvii, 323 Repington, Lieut.-Colonel Charles a Court, 497 and n. 1 Resio, Rear-Admiral, 363 Reuter, Vice-Admiral Ludwig von, 418 n. 1 Revel, 332 Rhodes, Captain A. T. G., 162 Ricci, Staff Paymaster Lewis A. da C., 504 n. 1 Richmond, Captain (later Admiral Sir) Herbert W., 396 and n. 2, 397, 410, 454-455 Riga, 333 Roberts, Lieut.-Colonel Arthur Colin, 329 and n. 1 Robertson, General (later Field Marshal) Sir William R., 309 and n. 1, 311, 322, 334 Robinson, Commander (later RearAdmiral Sir) Cloudesley Varyl, 501 and n. 4 Robinson, Lieut.-Commander (later RearAdmiral) Eric Gascoigne, 124 and n. 4, 133, 177, 178 Roch, Walter Francis, 402 and n. 1, 407 Room 40 (Admiralty), 132 n. 1 Ross, Lieutenant (later Air Commodore) Robert P., 66 and n. 3 Royal Air Force, 447 Royal Engineers, 156-157,165-166, 317 Royal Indian Marine, 361, 365 Royal Marine Artillery, 455,469, 474,475 Royal Marine Light Infantry, 451, 456, 469, 474, 479 Royal Marines, 95, 96, 100-101, 480, 481 Ruck-Keene, Commander William, xix Rumania, 140, 233 Rundle, General Sir H. M. Leslie, 352 and n. 2 Russell, Major-General Sir Andrew Hamilton, 289 and n. 1 Russia (Navy), 332, 333 Russo-Japanese War, xix, xx Ryan, Captain Cyril P., 499, 501 INDEX 541 SALISBURY, Lady, 30 Samson, Wing Commander (later Air Commodore) Charles R., 120 and n. 1, 121-123, 173, 322, 328 Samson, Lieutenant F. R., 122 n. 1 Sandford, Lieutenant (later Captain) Francis Hugh, 148-149, 456 and n. 2, 510 Salonika: expedition to, 85, 201 n. 2, 246 n. 1, 303 n. 1, 383; possible transfer of troops from, 273-274, 275, 279; Keyes visits British position, 328-329; and Sarrail, 330, 347-349; mentioned, 233, 244, 255, 293, 322, 326, 348. See also Greece Sari Bair (ridge), 84, 188, 391 Sarrail, General Maurice Paul Emmanuel: career, 329 n. 3; and Salonika campaign, 329-330; and De Robeck, 346, 353; conversation with Keyes, 347-348, 349, 383; mentioned, 201 n. 2, 246 n. 1, 303 n. 1 Savory, Major Kenneth Stephen, 406 and n. 1 Scaife, Lieutenant J., 193 Scandinavian Convoy, 486 n. 2 Scapa Flow, 326, 370,415, 515-516 Scarborough, 5, 58, 59, 63 Scarlett, Captain (later Air Vice Marshal) Rowland, 368 and n. 1 Scheer, Admiral Reinhard, 486 n. 2 Schmidt, Vice-Admiral Ehrhard, 506 n. 5 Scott, Admiral Sir Percy, 151 and n. 1 Scott’s (of Greenock), xxi, xxii Sebenico, 337 Serbia, 85,201 n. 2,206,246 n. 1,268, 330, 347 Serbia (Army), 348, 358 Seymour, Captain (later Vice-Admiral) Claude, 183 and n. 1, 302 Seymour, Admiral Sir Edward, xvii, xviii Share, Paymaster-in-Chief Hamnet Holditch, 491 and n. 2, 492 Shaw, General Sir Frederick Charles, 178 and n. 1, 185 Simla, 364-365 Simpson, Captain Henry V., 392 and n. 3 Sinclair, Captain Claud H., 219 n. 5 Sinclair, Rear-Admiral Sir Edwyn S. A. See Alexander-Sinclair Sinclair, Captain (later Admiral Sir) HughF. P., 151 andn. 2 Singer, Rear-Admiral (later Admiral Sir) Morgan, 231 and n. 2 Skeen, Colonel (later General Sir) Andrew, 97 Skelton, Engineer Commander Reginald, xx n. 2 Smart, Commander Morton, 369 and n. 6 Smyrna, 109, 330 Sneyd, Commander (later Vice-Admiral) Ralph Stuart Wykes-, 450 and n. 1, 457 Sollum, 346 Somerville, Commander (later Admiral of the Fleet Sir) James Fownes, 248 and n. 1, 392, 368 Spee, Vice-Admiral Count Maximilian von, 53 n. 1, 58 n. 1, 89 n. 4 Stanhope Medal, 37 and n. 4 Stanley, Lieutenant Edward G., 177 Staveley, Captain (later Admiral) Cecil M.: career, 171 n. 3; Beachmaster at Helles, 171, 306; and evacuation of Helles, 316-318, 321; mentioned, 453, 454 Stavros, 333 Steel, Gerald Arthur, 220 and n. 4 Stevens, Captain, 212 Stirling, Captain (later Admiral) Anselan J. B., 369 and n. 4 Stocks, Lieut.-Commander David de B., 193, 212, 302, 341 Stoker, Lieut.-Commander H. H. G. D., 128 n. 1 Stopford, Lieut. -General Hon. Sir Frederick William: career, 180 n. 1; and Suvla landing, 180, 181, 184, 185; and Dardanelles Commission, 388, 390 n. 1, 394, 395 Street, Brigadier-General Harold E., 316 and n. 1 Sturdee, Vice-Admiral (later Admiral) Sir F. C. Doveton: career, 25 n. 4; success at Falklands, 58, 89 n. 4; mentioned, 25, 26, 32, 33, 55, 408, 454 n. 1 Submarine Service: at Heligoland action, 14-15, 19; as defence against invasion, 42-49; and Addison, 380, 381; mentioned, xx-xxiv, 4, 63, 356. See also Keyes, Fisher, S. S. Hall, Addison Sueter, Captain (later Rear-Admiral Sir) Murray F., 173 and n. 1, 174 Suez Canal, 293,295. See also Egypt Suvla: landing, 84,176,178-182,183,185, 336; water situation, 182-183, 184, 189, 213; evacuation discussed, 252,254,260, 278 n. 1,283; troops suffer from weather, 270, 271, 282; evacuation of, 85, 280, 288-290, 300, 316, 319, 335, 338; and Dardanelles Commission, 327,380,388- 391, 393, 394-396; mentioned, 187, 188-189, 191, 263, 321. See also Dardanelles Campaign Swin, the, 413,450,455, 471,474,479 Sykes, Colonel (later Major-General Sir) Frederick, 173 and n. 2, 328 Sylt, 132, 351 Syria, 397 TABLE Top, 183. See also Anzac Taku, xvii Talbot, Lieutenant (later Vice-Admiral Sir) Cecil P., 8 and n. 1, 15, 30 Tangani Creek, xvi 542 INDEX Teck, Adolphus, 2nd Duke of (later Marquess of Cambridge), 36 and n. 6,37 Temple, Captain Frank V., 160 and n. 2, 163 Tenedos, 120, 121-122, 323 Terschelling, 505 Thorn, Colour Sergeant, 38 Thursby, Rear-Admiral (later Admiral Sir) Cecil F.: career, 119 n. 3; at Dardanelles, 119, 120, 122, 128; in Adriatic, 337-338, 365; mentioned, 179, 371 n. 1, 384, 386 Thwaites, Brigadier-General Sir William, 240 and n. 2 Tientsin, xvii, xviii, 317 n. 1 Tigris, 360-361, 364, 365 Tindall-Carill-Worsley, Commander Charles N., 391 Tirpitz, Grand Admiral Alfred von, 20 n. 2 Tirpitz, Wolfgang von, 20 n. 2 Titchfield, Marquess of (later Duke of Portland), 207 and n. 2 Tomkinson, Lieutenant (later ViceAdmiral) Wilfred: career, 8 n. 3; commands destroyer Lurcher y 15, 37, 54, 58, 66,71, 79; commands submarine flotilla at Venice, 363-364; commands destroyers of Dover Patrol, 443-445; mentioned, xvi, xviii, 8, 299 Tongku, xvii, 317 n. 1 Tothill, Rear-Admiral (later Admiral Sir) Hugh Henry Darby, 478 and n. 1 Townsend, Captain (later Admiral) Cyril S., 171 and n. 4 Townshend, Major-General Sir Charles V. F., 360 n. 1, 361 and n. 2 Trafalgar, battle of, xv, 415 Trotman, Brigadier-General (later General Sir) Charles N., 103 and n. 5 Troubridge, Rear-Admiral E. C. T., 31 n. 1, 160, 399 Tupper, Vice-Admiral (later Admiral Sir) Reginald G. O., 441 and n. 2,442 Turkey, secret negotiations with, 116 n. 1 Turkey (Army): morale, 189,202,233,263; morale alleged to be poor, 267,270,271, 273, 274, 279, 286, 314, 383; and evacuation of Anzac, 288-290,296; and evacuation of Helles, 315, 316, 319; mentioned, 162, 212, 335 Turkey (Navy), 92,122-123,138,211-212, 315 Tuyll, Lieutenant F. C. O. de, 358 Tyrwhitt, Captain (later Admiral of the Fleet Sir) Reginald Yorke: career, 8 n. 4; and Heligoland action, 16 n. 1,19-21, 28; at Loch Ewe conference, 25-27, 31; appointed Commodore 1st class, 53-54, 55, 56; and Cuxhaven raid, 57 n. 1, 64; relations with Keyes, 6, 71, 76-78, 98, 99, 130; describes operations in North Sea, 98-99, 130-133, 144-146, 341-343, 497-498; and Fisher’s departure from the Admiralty, 144, 145 n. 1; on Churchill, 144-145; on H. B. Jackson, 145; and Zeebrugge, 327, 397-398, 408, 412; raid on Hoyer, 350-352; awarded D.S.O., 358, 359; misses Jutland, 358, 364; and German raid on Yarmouth, 445, 448; appointed Rear-Admiral, 447-448; and Zeebrugge-Ostend operations, 481, 482-483; on destruction of zeppelin by Lieut. Culley, 505-506; German evacuation of Flanders, 509- 510; surrender of German submarines, 516-517; mentioned, xv, 2-4, 34, 57, 99, 205,345,357,376,440. See also Harwich Force Tyrwhitt, Angela, 352, 448 ULSTER, 27. See also Ireland United States, 373, 442 n. 1 Unwin, Captain Edward, 289 and n. 1, 306, 386, 389, 391, 395 V Beach, 155, 319, 320, 405 n. 2, 452 n. 2. See also: Gallipoli, Helles Valona, 337 Varna, 217 Vaux, Sub-Lieutenant Philip E., 450 Venizelos, Eleutherios, 158 and n. 1, 259 Verdun, 347, 357, 362 Verner, Lieut.-Commander Rudolph H. C, 89, 111, 112,115 Vickers (firm), xxi, xxii, xxiv, 34 Voigt, Oberleutnant zur See von, 143 n. 3 W Beach, 169-170, 171, 317-321 Waistell, Captain (later Admiral Sir) Arthur K.: career, 7 n. 1; and submarine service, 7, 33, 49, 54; mentioned, 146, 377, 380, 453 Walker, Sir Charles, 333 and n. 2 War Office, 507-508 Warren, Lieut.-Commander Clyfford, 208 Warrender, Vice-Admiral Sir George, 38 and n. 5, 339 Warships (Austrian): Helgoland, 337 Novara, 337 “Tatra” class, 337 Warships: (British): Classes: “Acorn” (destroyers), 236 “Bacchante”, 3, 4, 31 “Beagle”, 236, 317 “C” (submarines), 69, 208 “Centurion”, 349 “Coastal” (destroyers), 236 “D” (submarines), 2, 7, 34, 48, 49 “E” (submarines), xxi, xxii, 2, 5, 7, 34, 49, 69, 159 “Edgar”, 152 INDEX 543 Warships (British):—cont. Classes:—cont. “F” (submarines), xxii “G” (submarines), xxii “H” (submarines), 198 “Intrepid”, 450 “Iphigenia”, 445 “King Edward VII”, 200, 226, 227, 236, 256, 291, 368 “L” (destroyers), 236, 317 “Lord Nelson”, 405 “Queen Elizabeth”, 34Q, 344, 345 n. 1 “Renown”, 349 “Resolution”, 351 “River” (destroyers), 236, 317 “Royal Sovereign”, 344, 345 n. 1, 355 “Theseus”, 236 “V” (submarines), xxii Aboukir, 4, 31 n. 2, 32-34, 36 n. 1,178 Adamant, 2, 48, 59-61, 69 AE.2, 128, 136 n. 2, 149 Agamemnon, 89, 93, 102, 107, 111, 236, 284 Albemarle, 226, 236, 256, 299 Albion, 94, 95, 98, 141, 142, 236 Alecto, 61, 69 Amazon, 458 n. 1, 459 Ambuscade, 59 Amethyst, 106, 107, 124 Aquitania (transport), 253, 256, 257, 264, 265, 297, 303 Arabia (transport), 372 Aragon (transport), 261,265, 273, 355 Arcadian (transport), 136 Arethusa, 3, 12, 16, 18-22, 54,145, 341, 342, 448 Ark Royal, 95 Arno, 388, 389 Attentive, 33, 449, 481 Aurora, 131, 376 Australia, 99 B.6, 123-125 B.ll, 72, 139, 142 Bacchante, 209, 236, 237, 314, 315 Badger, 16 Baralong (Q-ship), 208 n. 4 Basilisk, 130 Beagle (sloop), xvi Ben My Chree, 237 Beryl, 164 Black Prince, 356 Blenheim, 106, 107, 269 Bonaventure, 69 Botha, 481, 482 Braemar Castle (transport), 95, 96 Brilliant, 414, 465, 478 Britannia (training ship), xv Britannic (hospital ship), 303 C.3, 413 C.9, 63 C.31, 71 C.32, 45 Warships (British):—cont. Caledon, 419 Calypso, 419 Canada, 453 n. 3 Canopus, 104, 106, 107, 141, 142, 199, 236. 331 Canterbury, 342, 351 Cardiff, 419 Carysfort, 351, 357 Centurion, 326, 327, 384, 386 n. 2, 401 Chatham, 172, 174, 181, 182, 216, 236, 237. 246, 247, 251, 253, 290, 292, 315,319,331 Chelmer, 118, 141, 183, 187 Cleopatra, 146, 342, 351 C.M.B.20, 482 n. 1 Collingwood, 377 Colne, 118, 183, 187 Colossus, 327, 401 n. 1, 416 Conquest, 146, 448 n. 4 Cordelia, 100 Cornwallis, 91, 104, 106, 146, 171, 176, 236, 282, 452 n. 2 Courageous, 418 n. 5 Cressy, 4, 13, 31 n. 2, 36 n. 1 Curacoa (corvette), xvi D.3, 25, 65 n. 2, 132 DA, 132 D.5, 11,50 D.6, 66 n. 2 D.7, 67 D.8, 67 Daisy, 457 Dartmouth, 93, 229 n. 1, 243, 246, 250, 252, 253, 261, 337 Defence, 31, 356 Defender, 15 Diamond, 516 Dolphin (submarine headquarters), xx Doris, 120, 217 n. 1,236, 237 Dublin, 90, 116, 118, 154, 270 E.I, 4, 35,40 n. 3,159, 208 n. 3, 333 n. 1 E.2, 59, 193 n. 4 E.3, 67 EA, 9, 11, 15 n. 1, 36 n. 4 E.5, 4, 12 n. 1, 35 E.6, 8, 15, 19, 33 E.7, 9,12 n. 1, 52,163 n. 1,173,193 E.8, 59 E.9, 11,25, 38 n. 3,40 n. 3 E.10, 59, 78 E.ll, 5, 36 n. 4, 40 n. 3, 59, 64 n. 1,149, 175, 177, 193 E.I2, 59, 158, 193 E.14, 130,138,139,156,175, 177 £-.75, 59, 123-125, 134, 149, 177 E.20, 208 n. 1 E.25, 302 E.42, 486 n. 2 Edgar, 316 Effi (transport), 270, 317, 318 Eileen, 291, 293, 297 544 INDEX Warships (British): — cont. Emperor of India, 446 Empress, 6 Enchantress, 71 Endymion, 180 Europa, 248, 269 Euryalus, 13, 36 n. 2, 155, 236, 237 Exmouth, 236, 275 Fame, xvi, xvii, xviii, 317 Fauvette (transport), 180 Fearless, 3, 4, 16, 18, 19, 33, 99 Firedrake, 2-6, 11-13, 18, 33, 58-61, 70, 73, 453 Foresight, 300 Formidable, 68, 74 Forth, 69 Gazelle, 148 Glorious, 418 n. 5 Glory, 236 Gloucester, 90 Goto//*, 138, 382 G00rf /fcpe, 53 n. 1 Goshawk, 15 Gra/to/*, 187, 300 Grampus, 124 n. 3, 142, 187 Grasshopper, 94, 95 #J, 208 H.3, 267 Hannibal, 211,237 >>, 143 /, xvi rf, 439 Hazel, 274 /fee/or, 185 Heliotrope, 289 Hibernia, 320 Hindustan, 450, 454, 455, 471, 474 #<#we, 4, 31 n. 2, 32, 36 n, 1 Hussar, 176, 352, 386 Immortalite, xvi Imogene, 120, 168, 176, 217, 265 Implacable, 119, 236, 382 Inconstant, 73, 77, 146 Indefatigable, 154, 356 Indomitable, 343, 345 and n. 2 Inflexible, 83, 89, 95, 101, 105, 107, 109, 111, 112, 115-117, 119 /«^/?/W, 413, 464, 487, 511 Invincible, 3, 12, 16, 89 Iphigenia, 413, 464, 484, 487, 511 Iris //, 486 n. 1,510 Iron Duke, 4, 27 n. 3, 34, 456 Irresistible, 83, 95, 96, 104, 113, 114, 116-119, 149, 297, 298, 317, 381, 382 /erf, 117, 118, 123 n. 2 Jonquil, 180, 181, 185 Julnar, 361 n. 1 Kennett, 118, 123 n. 2 King George V, 370 Laforey, 322 Landrail, 131-133 Laurel, 13 Warships (British):—cont. Laverock, 350 n. 3 Leven, 449, 451 Liberty, 13 Lightfoot, 448 n. 4 Lion, 12, 29, 79 n. 1, 99, 151, 376 Liverpool, 12, 17, 18 London, 119, 382 LordNelson, 102,107, 111, 126,139,141, 143, 204, 216, 236, 246, 247, 265, 284, 289, 290, 333, 353, 362 Lowestoft, 21 Lurcher, 2-6, 11-13, 15, 18, 32, 33, 36, 38, 58-62, 65, 70, 73, 453 M.26, 459 Magnificent, 211,237 Maidstone, 2,1, 61, 64, 69, 73 Majestic, 92, 93, 95, 124, 143, 147, 170, 396 Monica, 142,185 Manitou (transport), 122 n. 3, 123 n. 1 Mary, 211,237, 319, 320 Martin, xvi Mauretania (transport), 192, 303 Medusa, 350, 351 Mentor, 131 Minerva, 110, 115, 121, 123 Minotaur, 441 M.L.238, 487 n. 2 Monarch, 59 Monmouth, 53 n. 1 Morris, 481, 482 Mosquito, 138 Nautilus, xxii New Zealand, 3, 12, 16,99 North Star, 487, 511 Ocean, 83,114-117,119,297,298, 381 Olympic (transport), 343 Opossum, xvi Orion, 370 Oruba (transport), 270 Pelayen (distilling ship), 262 Penelope, 71 Peony, 288 Phaeton, 118, 119 /Vzoe&e, 487, 511 Polaron (supply ship), 270 Prah (Royal Engineers store ship), 184 Prince Edward, 238 Prince George, 111, 112, 236, 319, 320 Prince of Wales, 119,382 Princess Royal, 79, 99 Queen, 119, 120, 382 Queen Elizabeth, 83, 101-105, 107, 111, 112,117,118,120,121,126,130,138, 151, 177, 190, 297, 344, 381, 385, 400 Queen Mary, 99, 345, 356 Queen Victoria, 238 Raleigh, xv Rattlesnake, 169 Redoubtable, 235 n. 1 Renard, 187, 250 INDEX 545 Warships (British):—cont. Renown, 343, 344, 345 n. 1, 355 Repulse, 343, 344, 345 n. 1, 355, 419 n. 2 Resolution, 343, 344, 345 n. 1 Revenge, 211 Rose, xvi Rowan, 215, 229, 243, 247, 249 Royal Edward (transport), 185 n. 3 Russell, 226,236, 256, 316, 320, 362 S.I, xxi, 66, 67, 172 St. George, 352 St. Oswald (transport), 306 St. Vincent (training ship), xvi St. Vincent (dreadnought), 65 Sapphire, 124, 158 Sappho, 414, 496, 499, 501, 504 Scorpion, 124 n. 3, 138 n. 3, 187, 323 Scourge, 217 Shakespeare, 497 Shannon, 441 Sirius, 414, 465 Soudan (hospital ship), 108, 109 Southampton, 12, 29 Special Service Ship No. 14 (bogus Tiger), 143, 148 Springbok, 483 Stour, 62 Superb, 151 Swift, 458 Swiftsure, 96, 117, 142, 176, 187, 236, 237, 414, 496, 499, 501, 504 Swordfish, xxii Taku, xviii Talbot,l6,236,237 Teazer, 483 Termagant, 459 Terrible, 211, 237, 270 Theseus, 180, 217, 322, 328 Thetis, 413, 464 Tiger, 2, 6, 8, 28, 42, 79, 90,99,151, 345, 359, 456 Tipperary, 357 Triad, 141, 143, 148 n. 1, 185, 216, 217, 245-247, 250, 265, 308, 321, 331, 333 Triumph, 94, 111, 112,124,142,143,170 Turquoise, xv Undaunted, 131, 351, 449 Usk, 248 Valiant, 369 n. 1 Vanguard, 405 Venerable, 45, 236 Vengeance, 90 n. 2, 91, 94, 95, 100,104- 107, 113, 117, 124, 142, 153 Venus, xx, 121, 456 Victoria and Albert, xvi Vindex, 350 n. 2 Vindictive, 413, 414, 445, 450, 455, 456, 468^70, 472, 473, 476-478, 480, 481, 483,487,501 n. 1,510,511 Vulcan, 208 W.I, xxii W.2, xxii Warships (British):—cont. Wahine, 265,276,277,285,287,300,302, 303, 339 Warrior, 151, 369 War spite, 356, 369 n. 1, 497 n. 3 Warwick, 413, 482, 487, 498, 510 Wear, 105, 112, 114, 116-118, 123, 124, 317 Wetland, 143 Weymouth, 337 Whiting, xvii Wolverine, 130, 138 n. 3, 142, 187, 217, 218,265,323 Woolwich, 61, 69 Zealandia, 306 Zubian, 451 Warships (French): Archimede, 5, 55 n. 1, 59 Australien (transport), 86, 88, 89 Bouvet, 83, 112, 113, 114, 119 Capitaine Mehl, 481 n. 1 Casabianca, 148 Charlemagne, 112 Dupleix, 217 Gaulois, 112, 117, 119, 192, 404 Jean Bart, 89 Kleber, 217, 331 Mariotte, 112 Massena, 317 Monge, 337 n. 2 “Patrie” class, 236 Provence (transport), 338 Saghalien (transport), 317 Saphir, 73 Suffren, 112,117,118,119,218, 306, 315 Verite, 358 Warships (German): A.7, 481 n. 1, 482 n. 1 A70,451,453 A.19, 481 n. 1,482 n. 1 A.58, 505 n. 1 Ariadne, 3, 29 Blucher, 63 Breslau, 31 n. 1, 453 n. 2 “Deutschland” class, 160 Frigg, 505 n. 1 G.9J, 505 n. 1 G.95, 505 n. 1 G.194, 351 n. 1 Gneisenau, 53 Goeben, 31 n. 1, 73, 90, 115, 116 n. 1, 117, 160, 284, 406, 453 n. 2 Hela, 21, 24 Kaiser, 419 n. 1 Kaiserin, 419 n. 1 Koln, 3, 28 Konigen Luise, 13 Magdeburg, 132 n. 1 Mainz, 3, 12-14,16-18, 20, 21, 28, 29 Moltke, 79 n. 1,208, 333,486 n. 2 Pommern, 357 Adalbert, 159 n. 1, 160 546 INDEX Warships (German):—cont. Roon, 159 Rostock, 12n. 1 “Rostock” class, 12 5.55, 414 S.91, 414 S.I 16, 38 n. 3 Scharnhorst, 53 Strasbourg, 14 U.9, 4, 34 C7.2/, 143 n. 1, 192 n. 1 U.27, 67 n. 2, 208 n. 4 C7J3, 192 U.34, 192 C7J5, 192 t/J9, 192 £75.7, 143 n. 2 UB.8, 143 n. 3 £75.74, 185 n. 3 £75.35, 451 n. 3 £75J£, 453 n. 1 £75.56,411 £75.57, 505 n. 1 £7C.50, 451 n. 2 £7C.79, 451 n. 2 V.67, 445 n. 1 K6S, 505 n. 1 V.71, 414 V.73, 414 K/57, 3, 15 n. 1, 31 “Wittelsbach” class, 159 Warships (Italian) Piemonte, 305 Warships (Russian): Askold, 217, 305 Rurik, 159 Warships (Turkish): Barbarossa, 175, 189 Demir Hissar, 122 n. 4, 123 n. 1 Messudiyeh, 72, 139 Muavanet-i-Miliet, 138 n. 3 Sultan Hissar, 136 n. 2 TorgudReis, 175 Yar Hissar, 275 Warships (United States): Scorpion, 211 Watson, Lieut.-Colonel James K., 39, 418 Webb, Admiral Sir Richard, 515 and n. 1 Wells, Commander Gerald A., 373 n. 1 Wemyss, Rear-Admiral (later Admiral of the Fleet, Baron Wester Wemyss) Rosslyn Erskine: career, 93 n. 1; S.N.O. at Lemnos, 83, 93, 109, 110, 121, 129; and Y Beach, 405 n. 2; and renewal of naval attack, 85, 186, 206, 217-218, 226, 227, 248, 255, 382; relations with De Robeck, 251-252; tries to prevent evacuation, 254, 257-258, 263, 264, 265-266, 267; relations with Monro, 261, 262, 281, 282, 291, 292, 296; proposes naval attack to Jackson, 268-269; at Kephalo, 270,286; and possible transfer of troops from Salonika to Mudros, 273; forceable messages to Admiralty, 274, 280, 281, 301, 383, 389; receives orders to evacuate, 277-278; relations with Birdwood, 279, 336; advocates either immediate attack or evacuation of Helles, 283-285, 291, 308, 321, 336; leaves Dardanelles, 287, 293-294, 295; appointed C.-in-C. East Indies, 290,313, 322; and future employment for Keyes, 298, 299, 305, 312; interview with Kitchener and Robertson, 309, 311; interview with Balfour and Jackson, 310, 313, 334; luncheon with Eva Keyes, 310-311,312,335; awarded K.C.B., 311, 322; and Monrp’s dispatch, 355; views on Mesopotamian campaign, 360-361, 364-365; on situation in Red Sea, 371- 372, 373; and future Dardanelles venture, 383,384; and Dardanelles Commission, 385, 392; appointed Mediterranean C.-in-C., 404, 406; appointed 2nd Sea Lord, 327, 407; becomes Deputy First Sea Lord, 408 n. 1, 411; becomes First Sea Lord, 411, 441 n. 1; on Zeebrugge operation, 485, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493; and publication of Zeebrugge dispatch, 494-495, 495-497; supports Plans division on invasion question, 507-508; and Allied advance in Flanders, 513; mentioned, 276, 332, 412, 423, 424, 436, 504 Werner, Oberleutnant zur See, 143 n. 2 Westminster, 2nd Duke of (Hugh Richard Arthur Grosvenor), 346 and n. 1 Whitby, 58 White, Brigadier-General (later General Sir) C. Brudenell B., 279 and n. 1,280 Whittall, Edwin, 160 Wilkins, Peter, 229 Williams-Freeman, Lieutenant (later Commander) Frederick A. P., 33 Williamson, Captain Adolphus H., 372 and n. 1, 453 n. 3 Williamson, Flight Commander Hugh A., 103 and n. 2 Willis, Commander Stanley L., 63 Wills, Captain Charles S., 499, 500, 511 n. 3 Wingate, General Sir F. Reginald, 371, 372 and n. 2 Wilson, Major, 264 Wilson, Lieut.-General Sir Archdale, 205 and n. 3, 252 Wilson, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Arthur Knyvet, xx, 205 and n. 4, 218, 221 and n. 2, 226, 261 Wilson, Field Marshal Sir Henry Hughes, 171 and n. 1 Wilson, T. Woodrow, 513 and n. 3 Winn, Lieutenant S. T., 72 INDEX 547- Wintour, Captain Charles J., 221 n. 4, 326, 357, 359, 360, 363 n. 1 Witu, Sultan of, xvi Wolfe, General James, 405 Woods, Colonel Harold, 320 and n. 2 Woods, Admiral Sir Henry Felix, 320 and n. 3 Woodward, Major-General Sir Edward M., 385 and n. 1 Y Beach, 84, 154-155, 158, 405 Yarmouth, 445, 448, 460 Yeni Shahr, 399 Yexley, Lionel, 27 and n. 1, 31 Ypres, 97, 412, 511, 512 n. 1 XEROS, 405 n. 2 ZACHABONA (pseudonym), 390 Zeebrugge: visited by Keyes in 1914, 4, 37-39,453; and Tyrwhitt, 327, 397-398; German destroyers at, 376, 411-412, 431, 445, 446, 461; bombarded by Bacon’s squadron, 397; proposals for blocking operations, 410, 411, 423; Keyes’s plan for blocking, 412, 450, 460-464, 466-475; remarks of Sea Lords on plan, 475-478; operation against, 413-414, 483-484, 487-488, 510-511; results of operation against, 414-415, 498, 504; enemy use of, 438, 439; mining operations off, 445, 505 n. 1; and Jellicoe, 488, 489-492; publication of dispatch, 493-494, 495, 496-497, 503-504; allied advance and capture of, 513 n. 1. See also O
Paul Halpern was born in New York 27 January 1937, and graduated from the University of Virginia in 1958 with honours in History. He served in the US Army 1958-60, reaching the rank of First Lieutenant. He entered Harvard University in 1960, where he gained an MA in History in 1961 and in 1966 his PhD, with a two volume thesis on The Mediterranean Naval Situation. He spent his entire academic career at Florida State University at Tallahassee, starting as an instructor in 1965, rising to assistant professor in 1966, associate professor in 1970, and professor in 1974. On retiring in 2005 he became emeritus professor. In 1986-87 he served as visiting professor of strategy at the Naval War College in Newport Rhode Island.
He served on the Council of the Navy Records Society 1968-72, 1982-86 and 2010-14. He is a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, a member of the American Historical Foundation, the US Naval Institute, the Naval Historical Foundation, Phi Beta Kappa and Phi Eta Sigma
His publications include
• The Mediterranean Naval Situation, 1908-1914 (Harvard University Press, 1971).
• The Naval War in the Mediterranean (Allen and Unwin, 1987).
• The Royal Navy in the Mediterranean, 1915-18 (Navy Records Society, 1987)
• The Keyes Papers, Volume I (Navy Records Society, 1972).
• The Keyes Papers, Volume II (Navy Records Society, 1980).
• The Keyes Papers, Volume III (Navy Records Society, 1981).
• A Naval History of World War I (Naval Institute Press, 1994).
• Anton Haus: Osterreich-Ungarns Grossadmiral (Graz, 1998).
• The Battle of the Otranto Straits: Controlling the gateway to the Adriatic in World War I (Indiana University Press, 2004).
• The Mediterranean Fleet, 1919-29 (Navy Records Society, 2011).
• The Mediterranean Fleet, 1930-39 (Navy Records Society, 2016).
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