After an early career in piracy, Mainwaring became one of the most prominent senior officers under James I and Charles I. He took part in most of the naval operations of the period, and during and after the Civil War served with the Royalist Navy.
This volume is not so much a collection of documents with introduction, more a ‘life and letters’ built around his papers.
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INDEX ABBOTT BANNISTER ABBOTT, George, Archbishop of Canterbury, opinion regarding the loan of warships to Venice, 61-2 ; Mainwaring visits, 84 ; copy of the Seaman’s Dictionary dedicated to, 85 Aberdeen, 267 Admiral, Lord High. See Buckingham, Duke of ; Northumberland, Earl of ; Nottingham, Earl of ; Warwick, Earl of Admiralty, Lords Commissioners of the, 218, 220-2, 227, 242 , 250, 256, 267, 299 Admiston, William, 271 Adriatic, Spanish fleet enters the, 35-6 Ainsworth, W. Harrison, xvi Aldeburgh, 301 Algiers, pirates of, 1o, 59, 63, 65, 1 33,147, 154, 298-9 Allen, Captain, commands a fireship at Rochelle, 191 Allen, Sir Thomas, at Helvoetsluys, 33o ; note on, 33o n. Alleyn, Edward, 215 n. Apsley, Sir Allen, in Rhé expedition, 172 Archie, court jester, anecdote of, Ioo—I ; at Portsmouth, 17o Argall, Sir Samuel, in Cadiz expedition, 142 Arundell, Earl of, 271, 273 Arundell, Col. John, Governor of Pendennis Castle, besieged by the Parliamentary forces, 307 ; detains Mainwaring’s ship, 307-8, summoned to surrender, 309 ; refusal, 31o, and note Arwenack, 3 09 Ashburton, John, Groom of the Bedchamber to Charles I, 1 79 Aspull, Edmund, 208 Aston, Sir Walter, 113 Aurum potabile, 82 Aylesbury, Sir Thomas, visits Portsmouth, 141 ; on Special Naval Commission, 146 ; mentioned, 210 Azores, 22 BAGG, Sir James, expedites reinforcements for Rochelle, 192 ; mentioned, 175, 176, 185, 186 n., 189 Bamford, Captain James, in Rochelle expedition, 200 ; in fleet of 1639, 285 Bannister, Captain Daniel, commands Royal Exchange, 42 342 INDEX BARBARIGO BRETT Barbarigo, Venetian CaptainGeneral at Sea, commands English ships in the Venetian service, 42 Barbary Coast, piracy on, 9-14, 19 ; Easton off, 23 ; mentioned, 27, 29 Bargrave, Captain John, in fleet of 164o, 288 Basing’s Manor, Peckham, 213 Bath, 306 Batten, Captain, in Rochelle expedition, 200 Batten, Sir William, in fleet of 1638, 262 n. ; Surveyor of the Navy, 266 ; Clarendon’s account of, 266 ; blockades Pendennis, 308 ; dismissed from his command as Vice-Admiral of the Parliament’s fleet, 326 ; appointed Rear-Admiral of the Royalist fleet, 328 ; knighted, 328 ; mentioned, 331 Bavaria, Duke of, 77 Beachy Head, 26o Beaulieu House, James I at, 109 Bedford House, Strand, 105 Bellamy, John, publisher of The Seaman’s Dictionary. 303 Belle Isle, 241 Bellièvre, M. Pomponne de, French Ambassador, 26o Belly, David, 271 Bence, Mr., 301 Bennett, Elizabeth, Mainwaring’s romantic wooing of, 207-9 ; marries Sir Heneage Finch, 209 Bennett, Richard, 207 Berkshire, Earl of, in Jersey, 317-8 Berwick, treaty of peace signed at, 274 ; mentioned, 267, 269, 271-3, 288 Best, Captain Thomas, in Rhé expedition, 171 ; on Council of War, 184 ; mentioned, 221 Bingley, Sir Ralph, commands Irish troops for Rhé, 1 73-4 Biscay, Bay of, 145, 232 Bishop, a pirate, 10 Blackwall, 167 Blake, Valentine, Galway merchant, 13 Blyth, Captain Richard, 291 n. Boate, Edward, 2 55, 299 Bohemia, James I anxious to protect, 66, 73 Bohemia, King of. See Frederick Bohemia, Queen of, Wotton’s sonnet to, 78 Boischot, Ambassador, 91 ; Mainwaring escorts, from Calais, 91-3, 97 Bond, Captain George, in Rhé expedition, 178 n. Booker, John, 303 Bordeaux, 163 Boswell, Sir David, in Rochelle expedition, 191 ; in second Rochelle expedition, 200 ; charged with cowardice, 202 n. Boteler, Nathaniel, his Dialogical Discourse quoted, 105 n.-1o6 n. Boulogne, 93 Bramshill, Hants, residence of Lord Zouch, 79, 84, 96 ; account of, 96 n. Brasenose College, Oxford, 4-5 Brazil, 209, 211, 256 Brentford, Earl of, 317 Brett, Sir Alexander, 165 INDEX 343 BRETT BUCKINGHAM Brett, Captain Jeremy, in fleet of 1636, 235 Bridgewater, 306 Bridgewater, Earl of, on Special Commission of Naval inquiry, 146 Bridgewater, Countess of, 208 Brindisi, 45 Bristol, merchants of, 7 Broad, Ruben, Master in the fleet of 1637, 255 Broadhaven, Ireland, 16 Brome, Alexander, 336 Broom Down, near Portsmouth, troops for Rhé at, 171 Browne, Captain, 200 Browne, John, King’s gunfounder, petition of, 298 Browne, William, 285 Bruce, Lord, 209 Buchan Ness, 243, 258 Buchanan, George, 271 Bucke, Mr., 266 Buckingham, Duke of, Lord High Admiral, Mainwaring’s suggestion to, regarding the Spanish menace, 65-6 ; attends horse race at Lincoln, 84 ; journey with the Prince of Wales to Madrid, 91 et sqq . ; letter of James I to, 102 ; anxious to return to England, 106-7 ; leaves Madrid, III ; leaves Santander, i14 ; arrives at Portsmouth, 116 ; his jurisdiction as Lord High Admiral, 121-2; becomes Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, 128 ; appointed Lord High Admiral, 131 ; zeal of, 132-3 ; Mainwaring presents paper on Portsmouth as a naval base to, 136-40 ; causes estimates to be drawn up for a dock at Portsmouth, 14o—i ; on Special Naval Commission, 146 ; requests fleet to be prepared for immediate service, 150-1 ; workmen march from Chatham to lay their grievances before, 152 ; praises his colleagues on the Special Commission, 160 ; urges the King to devote the revenue of the subsidies to the Navy, 16o ; foresees war with France, 164 ; inspects ships at Chatham, 164 ; Mainwaring’s letter to, regarding ships for Rhé, 167-9 ; suggests heavier guns for the ships, 171 ; commands the Rhé expedition, 171 ; sails, 171 ; landing, 172 ; besieges St. Martin’s, 173 ; urges reinforcements from England, 173 ; handicapped by the shortage of men and provisions, 174 ; despairs of success, 176 ; decides to make a final effort to capture the fort of St. Martin’s, 177 ; Mainwaring’s efforts to get reinforcements to, 178 ; lack of victuals in the relief ships for, 179 ; despair of, 18o ; attempts to storm the fort, 181 ; disastrous failure of, 181 ; withdrawal and embarkation of, from Rhé, 181 ; Mainwaring’s letter to, re garding the Rochelle expedition, 185-8 ; Mainwaring’s audience with, 1 94 ; commands fleet for the relief 344 INDEX BUCKINGHAM CECIL of Rochelle, 195 ; hostility shown to, 196 ; attacked at Portsmouth, 197 ; murdered, 198 ; character of, 198 ; naval reforms of, 1 99 ; bravery of, 198 n. Bulger, Captain, 200 Bullard, Captain Richard, in fleet of 1637, 255 Burgh, Sir John, commands troops in the Rhé expedition, 172 Burley, Captain John, in Rochelle expedition, 200 ; in fleet of 1636, 235 ; refuses to surrender to the Parliament, 294 Burley, Captain Richard, in fleet of 1638, 263 ; in fleet of 1639, 269, 280 fl. Burrell, William, master shipwright, 141, 149 ; examined before Special Commission, 154 ; fraudulent dealing by, 1 55 ; defects in the ships built by, 155-8 ; death, 158 n. ; mentioned, 171, 179, 182, 183 n. Butfield, Captain James, in Rochelle expedition, 190 Butler, Mr., 208 Butler, Captain, in Rochelle expedition, 200 Button, Captain William, in Rochelle expedition, 200 CADIZ, Spanish fleet sails from, 24, 26 ; Cecil’s expedition against, 142-3 ; failure of, 143 ; causes, 144, 158 Calais, 12, 91, 257,32 7 Calveley, Margery, 1 Camberwell, 213, 215 n., 222 n. Cambridge, rejoicings at, on the return of the Prince from Spain, 116-7 Canterbury, adventure of Prince Charles at, 93 ; mentioned, 61, 8o, 96 Canterbury, Archbishop of. See Abbott, George Capel, Lord, 306 ; leaves Pendennis, 310 ; at Jersey, 316-7 ; leaves Jersey for Holland, 32o Capital ship, Mainwaring’s paper on the value of the capital ship in naval warfare, 51-6 Carew, Lord, 83 Carew, Sir Francis, in Rochelle expedition, 190 Carlisle, 267 Carr, Captain, 271 Carteret, Sir George, in fleet of 1635, 231 ; in fleet of 1636, 235 ; in fleet of 1638, 263 ; in fleet of 1639, 269 ; in fleet of 1641, 291 n. ; created a baronet, 314 ; Governor of Jersey, 320-4 ; refuses to deliver up Jersey to the Parliament, 321-2 ; account of, 322 n. Catches (ketches), 281 Catwater, 177, 18o Cecil, Sir Edward, Viscount Wimbledon, 6 ; stands as M.P. for Dover in opposition to Mainwaring, 124-5 ; elected, 125 ; petition against return of, 125 ; unseated, 126 ; letter to Zouch, 127 ; re-elected, 127 ; commands expedition against Cadiz, 142 ; failure of, 143 ; ignorant of naval warfare, 143 ; bad INDEX 345 CECIL CHARLES condition of his fleet, 1 44 criticism of, 144 ; on Special Naval Commission, 146, 152, 1 57 Chainwales, 157 Charlebois Point, 201 Charles I, intended betrothal to the Infanta of Spain, 91 ; journey to Spain, 91-3 ; fleet fitted out to fetch home, 94 ; list of the ships, 102 ; anxiety of James I for, 102 ; anxious to return to England, 106-7 ; fleet leaves for Spain, Io9 ; Charles leaves the Escurial, III ; arrival at Santander, 112 ; goes on board the Prince Royal, I I2 ; narrow escape from drowning, 113 ; entertains Spanish retinue at Santander, 113 ; leaves, I14 ; lands on St. Mary’s Island, 115 ; leaves, 116 ; arrival at Portsmouth, 116 ; joy of the people at his return, 116-7 ; endeavours to restore Mainwaring to Dover Castle, 117 ; his letter to Zouch, 117 ; Zouch’s charges against Mainwaring presented to, 118 ; reply to Zouch, I I9 ; list of fleet at his accession, 135 ; appoints Special Commission to inquire into the Navy, 146-7 attends meeting of the Special Commission, 16o ; proposals to Parliament regarding the Navy, 161 ; determines to despatch an expedition to Rhé, 164 ; inspects troops in the Isle of Wight, 165 ; inspects fleet at Portsmouth, 170 ; his interest in, 170 ; reviews troops, 171 ; determined to relieve Rochelle, 182 ; inspects fleet for Rochelle, 196 ; instructions to the Earl of Lindsey, 201 ; negotiations with Richelieu, 203 ; unable to obtain supplies from Parliament, 205 ; dissolves Parliament, 205 ; his interest in the Navy, 219 ; tour of the various dockyards, 219- 220 ; at Chatham, 220 ; at Portsmouth, 220 ; naval force at his disposal in 1634, 224 ; revives ship-money, 227 ; first issue of shipmoney writs by, 228 ; extends writs to the whole of the kingdom, 233 ; determines to continue his policy, 246 ; desires opinion of the judges on ship-money, 252 ; opposition to, 262 ; fails to bring about a settlement with the Scots, 266 ; plan to blockade Scotland, 267 ; raises an army to invade Scotland, 267 ; Scotch prisoners sent to London by, 271 ; negotiations concerning the Spanish and Dutch fleets in the Downs, 1639, 28o et sqq. ; organised resistance to ship-money writs of, 286 ; petition of Scottish merchants to, 289 ; ineffectual blockade of Scotland, 290 ; failure of his campaign against Scotland, 290-I ; Parliament declares ship-money illegal, 291-2 ; his efforts to raise a naval force, 292-3 ; the Navy 346 INDEX CHARLES CLARENDON declares for the Parliament, 294 ; , outbreak of the Civil War, 302 ; at Oxford, 302 ; battle of Newbury, 303 ; sends the Prince of Wales into the West of England, 305 ; execution of, 332 Charles, Prince of Wales, afterwards Charles II, with the royalists in the West of England, 305 ; Mainwaring one of his retinue, 306 ; at Pendennis Castle, 306 ; plot against, 306 ; leaves Pendennis, 307 ; lands in Scilly, 307 ; sails for Jersey, 311 ; arrival at, 312 ; receives first lessons in seamanship, 3 1 3- 4 ; model pinnace built for, 313-4 ; at Elizabeth Castle, 314 ; strengthens defences, 316 ; supposed plot against, 316 ; urged to join his mother in Paris, 316 ; leaves Jersey, 317 ; in Paris, 319 ; joins the revolted ships at Helvoetsluys, 327 ; sails for the Downs, 327 ; seizes merchant shipping, 328 ; appoints Batten his Rear-Admiral, 328 ; returns to Helvoetsluys, 329 ; blockaded by Warwick 330- 33 1 ; leaves Holland, 333 Chatham, dockyard at, 136- 137 ; survey of the Navy at, 148-50 ; complaint of shipwrights at, 151 ; stores at, 155 ; workmen from, march to London, 152 ; list of ships surveyed at, 153 ; Duke of Buckingham at, 165 ; Mainwaring at, 166-7 ; Charles I visits, 219 ; mentioned, 198, 224, 238, 253, 261 Chatham Chest, 247 Chelsea, 91 Chertsey, 334 Chevalier, Jean, Chronicler of Jersey, 324-5 Chips,’ 130 n. Cholwick, Thomas, 305 Chudleigh, Sir John, in Cadiz expedition, 142 ; commands transports for Rhé, 178 ; on Council of War, 184 ; in Rochelle expedition, 200, 202 Cinque Ports, ships of, viii, 64, 67 ; early history closely allied with that of the Royal Navy, 69 ; their decline, 69 ; Mainwaring appointed Deputy Warden of, 69 ; his endeavours to improve the defences of, 72 ; mariners from, for Algiers expedition, 8o ; French refugees in, 85-8 ; difficulties of im pressing men from, 89, 99 limits of jurisdiction of Lord Warden, 122-3 ; Mainwaring’s instructions for droit gatherers, 123 ; mentioned, I18-21, 130, 199, 216 Cinque Ports, Admiralty Judge of. See Newman, Sir G. — Lord Warden of. See Zouch, Lord, and Buckingham, Duke of — Serjeant of the Admiralty of the. See Fulnetby, Thomas Clamps, 157 Clarendon, Earl of, with Prince Charles in the West of England, 305-7 ; with royalist exiles in Jersey, INDEX 347 CLARENDON CULVERINS 316-25 ; his History quoted, 266, 328 ; at the Hague, 333 ; poverty of, while in exile, 336 Clerkenwell, 79 Coast defences of England, deplorable condition of, 64 ; money to repair, 65 ; Mainwaring draws attention to their ruin and decay, 70 ; unable to defend the coast from attack, 72 ; proposed demolition of twenty castles, 85 Coke, Sir John, Commissioner of the Navy, 63 ; Mainwaring presents discourse on the English fisheries to, 90, 216 ; on Special Naval Commission, 146 ; evidence of, 154-5 ; scheme for founding a Loyal Association, 162 ; expedites reinforcements for Rochelle, 192-3 ; letter to Denbigh, 194 ; draws up report on the Navy, 219 ; instructions to first shipmoney fleet, 228-30 ; mentioned, 176, 182, 204, 233, 270, 271, 273 Coke, Walter, 301 Collins, Captain, in Cadiz expedition, 142 Committee for Compounding the Estates of the royalists, 336 Contarini, Venetian Ambassador in England, opinion on English ships and sailors, 37 ; hires merchant ships in England, 38; negotiations with Mainwaring concerning, 3 8-43 ; recommends Mainwaring to the Doge, 44 ; believes Mainwaring has turned pirate again, 47 ; mentioned, 6o Conway, Viscount, 95 ; requests that Mainwaring may be appointed Captain in the Prince Royal, i oo ; Rutland’s letter to, 103-4 ; letter of Navy Commissioners, 107 ; letter of Zouch to, 118 ; mentioned, 176, 241 n. Cope, Sir W. H., author of the History of Bramshill, 96 n. Corbett, Sir Julian, xv ; quoted, 66, 236 Cormat, a protector of pirates, story of his capture by Monson, 16-19 Cornhill, 303 Corunna, 110, 276 Cosimo II, de Medici, Duke of Florence, his offer to Mainwaring, 14-15 Cottington, Sir Francis, 92, 93, 320 Cotton, Sir Robert, on Special Naval Commission, 146 Council of the Sea. See Naval Commission of 1626-7 Covenanters. See under Scotland, rebellion in Crispe, Sir Nicholas, purchases merchant ships for the King, 306 n. Cromwell, Lord, in Cadiz expedition, 142 Crosby, Sir Pierce, commands Irish troops for Rhé, 173-4 Crowe, Sir Sackville, on Special Naval Commission, 146, 1 59 ; wooing of, 207 Culpepper, Lord, at Jersey, 316 ; joins royalists in Holland, 327 ; mentioned, 333 Culverins, 52-4, 171, 299 348 INDEX DARTMOUTH DOVER DARTMOUTH, 231, 276, 305 Davies, John, of Hereford, 5 ; writes epigram to Mainwaring, 6 ; ode to Mainwaring, 8 Davis, Captain John, 212 Day, Jonas, 14o Dayman, Captain, 315 Deal Castle, 81, 82, 83,118, 327 Deall, Sir Robert, 17o Delaware, Lord, in Cadiz expedition, 142 Demi-culverins, 299 Denbigh, Earl of, in Cadiz expedition, 142 ; on Special Naval Commission, 146, 15o, 152 ; commands squadron in Rhé expedition, 171 ; commands Rochelle expedition, 184-5, 189 ; his fleet leaves Plymouth, 190 ; arrival at Rochelle, 191 ; makes an attack with fireships, 191 ; failure of, 192 ; arrival off the Isle of Wight, 193 ; difficulties of revictualling his fleet, 193 ; Coke’s letter to, 194 Deptford, dockyard at, 136 ; survey of the ships at, 149 ; stores at, 155 ; ships at, 159 ; mentioned, 198, 224, 296 Dering, Sir Edward, wooing of, 208-9 Devizes, 306 Devon, troops mustered in, 64 D’Ewes, Sir Simond, 206 De With, Vice-Admiral, intercepts Spanish fleet in the Channel, 276 ; engagement with, 276-9 Dieppe, 216, 217, 26o, 261 Digby, Lord, at Jersey, 315, 3 1 7 Digby, Sir Kenelm, 220-2, 233, 297 Dixon, Alexander, 271 Dockyards, 136 ; improvements at, during Buckingham’s régime, 198. See also Chatham, Portsmouth, and Woolwich Donaldson, David, 271 Donato, Venetian Ambassador in England, report on Gondomar’s conversation with Mainwaring, 49-5o ; thinks Mainwaring might be able to obtain the loan of English warships, 61-2 Donne, John, Dean of St. Paul’s, 215 n. Donnell, Captain Richard, in fleet of 1637, 255 ; in fleet of 1638, 263 Dorset, soldiers billeted in, 189 Dorset, Earl of, member of the Virginia Company, 76 ; mentioned, 84 Dover and Dover Castle, defenceless state of, 64-5 ; Mainwaring appointed Lieutenant of, 69-70 ; duties of the Lieutenant and other officers, 71 ; corporation surrender certain rights to the Crown, 72 ; Mainwaring’s endeavours to improve the defences of, 72 ; Spanish Ambassador lands at, 73 -4 foreigners excluded from viewing the fortifications, 75 ; Sir H. Wotton at, 77 ; supplies for, 79, 83-5 Mainwaring elected M.P. for, 8o-1 ; dismissal of Mainwaring from, ioo ; Prince of Wales endeavours to re- INDEX 349 DOVER FERNANDO store Mainwaring, I17 ; Mainwaring stands as M.P. for, 125 ; petition again st the return of their members, 125-6 ; repairs to Dover Castle, 129 ; French Ambassador lands at, 26o ; mentioned, 3o, 32, 34, 89, 93, 96, 98, 216, 240, 257 Dover, Earl of. See Rochford, Viscount Dover, Mayor of, 77, 80. See also Garrett, Robert Downs, the, ship-money fleet of 1635 in, 230-1, 233 ; fleet of 1636 in, 238, 241, 244 ; fleet of 1637 in, 256, 257, 258-6o ; fleet of 1638 in, 264, 275 ; engagement between the Spanish and Dutch fleets in, 276 et sqq. ; revolt of the fleet in 1648 in, 327 ; mentioned, 99, 103, 108, 138 Drake, ordnance called, 298 Drake, Sir Francis, vii, I, 27, 3 2, 276 Dublin, 270 Dulwich College, 215 n. Dunkirk, 149, 192, 239, 241, 256, 258, 263-4, 276 Dunning, Henry, in fleet of 1637, 255 Duppa, Captain, 266 Durham, 291 Dyce, Alexander, 78 Dysart, 297 EAST INDIA COMPANY, 147 Easton, Peter, pirate, 7; at Newfoundland. 20 ; his career, 21-3 Edisbury, Kenrick, examined before Special Commission on the Navy, 154 ; survey of the Navy by, 224, 2 65 ; death of, 265 Egerton, Philip, 1 Elba, Conde de, 24 Eliot, Sir John, wooing of, 207 Elizabeth, Queen, 3, 216 Elizabeth Castle, Jersey. See Jersey Englebert, Mr., member of the Virginia Company, 76-7 Essex, Earl of, Vice-Admiral in the Cadiz expedition, 142 ; commands troops in expedition to Scotland, 269 Evelyn, Sir John, 301 FAIRFAX, Sir Thomas, commander of the Parliamentary forces in the West, 306 ; besieges Pendennis, 308 et sqq. Fairlight, near Hastings, 104 Fajardo, Luis, captures Mamora, 24-5 Falcons, 299 Falmouth, 177, 306, 308 Fanshawe, Sir Richard, in Jersey, 31o, 318 Fanshawe, Lady, at St. Mary’s, 310-II Felton, John, Lieutenant in the Rhé expedition, 197 . ; murders Buckingham, 198 Fenchurch Street, 84 Fernando do Noronha, Island, Mainwaring petitions for a grant of, 209-I1 ; description of, 211-12 ; charter granted, 212 35o INDEX FERRYLAND GIBRALTAR Ferryland, 22 Fielding, Lord, expedites relief ships for Rochelle, 192 Fielding, Captain Richard, in fleet of 1636, 234 ; in fleet of 1637, 258 ; in fleet of 1639, 269, 28o n., 285 ; in fleet of 1640, 288 Fighting Instructions, 1636, 236-8 Finch, Sir Heneage, wooing of, 207-9 Finett, Sir John, sails with the fleet to Santander, 112 ; meets Prince Charles and Buckingham, 112 Firth of Forth, 243, 267, 269, 27o, 290 Fisheries, 227, 242-5, 258. See also Narrow Seas and Sowe Flags, 240 Flamboro’ Head, 236, 243 Flanders, 46, 87, 275, 285 Fleming, Denis, Commissioner of the Navy, 182, 224 Fletcher, Captain John, in fleet of 1636, 235 Fogge, Captain Richard, in Rochelle expedition, 200 ; charged with cowardice, 202 n. ; in fleet of 1635, 231 ; in fleet of 1636, 235 ; in fleet of 1637, 254 ; in fleet of 1638, 263 ; in fleet of 1639, 269 ; in fleet of 164o, 288 ; in fleet of 1641, 291 n. ; refuses to surrender his ship to the Parliament, 294 Folkestone, 75,77, 278 Footwales, 156-7 Foster, Henry, Constable of Sandwich, 89-90 Fotherby, Mr., 8o Fowey, Cornwall, 22 Foxe, Captain Robert, in fleet of 1638, 263 ; in fleet of 1639, 269 ; in fleet of 164o, 288 Foxley, Thomas, 96 n. France, rebuilding of the navy, 16o, 221 ; Charles I makes peace with, 206 ; English claim to the sovereignty of the seas challenged by, 227 Frederick, King of Bohemia, 77, 91 n. Fryer, Sir Thomas, 198 Fulnetby, Thomas, Serjeant of the Admiralty of the Cinque Ports, 81 ; opposes Mainwaring’s authority, 82-3, 98 ; accusations against Mainwaring, 118, 12 I n . ; Zouch’s agreement with Buckingham concerning, 128 Furring, 157, 300 GALWAY, 13, 75 Gardiner, Fortune, daughter of Sir Thomas Gardiner, baptism of, 213 ; romantic marriage to Mainwaring, 213-5 ; death, 222 Gardiner, Samuel Rawson, III, 196, 199 Gardiner, Sir Thomas, account of, 213 ; letter describing the marriage of his daughter to Mainwaring, 214 ; death, 213 n. Garrett, Robert, Mayor of Dover, 88 Geere, Sir Michael, in Cadiz expedition, 142, 1 44 Germany, 66 Gibraltar, Straits of, II, 23 INDEX 35 1 GIFFARD HAMILTON Giffard, Captain Richard, 140 ; on Special Naval Commission, 146, 152 ; early career of, 147 ; mentioned, 183 Gilbert, Raleigh, in Cadiz expedition, 142 Gillingham, Boom at, 139 ; survey of ships at, 148-9 Girdling, 156, 248, 300-I Glanville, a pirate, 10 Goldsmiths’ Hall, 336, 338 Gondomar, Conde de, Spanish Ambassador in England, threat to Venice, 36 ; conversation with Mainwaring, 36 ; objects to Mainwaring entering the Venetian service, 39- 42 ; note on, 40 n. ; account of English ships serving Venice, 43 ; protests to James I about Mainwaring, 44 instrumental in bringing about the execution of Raleigh, 45 ; leaves England, 46 ; endeavours to stop Mainwaring reaching Venice, 46-7 ; conversation with Mainwaring, 48-9 ; Venetian Ambassador’s report on, 49 – 50 ; allowed to export English gunpowder, 73 ; second embassy to England, 73 ; received by Mainwaring at Dover, 73-4 ; attacked in London, 83-4 ; entertained by Prince Charles at Santander, 113 ; advises peace with England, 1 33 Goodwins, 81, 118 Goree, 257 Gorges, Sir Ferdinand, 11 Gosport, 138, 140 Gottenburg, Scottish trade with, 290 Graham, Sir Richard, Master of the Horse to Buckingham, 92 Graunt, John, 271 Gravelines, 8o Gravesend, 32 ; adventure of Prince Charles at, 92-3 ; the Gravesend barge, 168 n. ; Scottish prisoners at, 272-4 Greenwich, 78 Guernsey, 319 Guiana, 64 Guildford, 3 Guns and gunnery, 51-6 ; powerful French gun invented to sink the English fleet, 163. See also Culverins, Demi – Culverins, Drake, Falcons, Minions, Sakers Guy, John, Governor of New– foundland, 22 HABERDINE, 249 Haesdunck, John van, commands ships in the service of Prince Charles, 307 Hague, Prince of Wales at, 332-3 Hain (i.e. raise), 138 Haines, Humphrey, 296 Hakluyt, Richard, 4 Hall, Captain John, in fleet of 1638, 263 ; in fleet of 1639, 269, 277, 280 n., 285 Hamble, river, 138 Hamble Point, near Southampton, 6 Hamilton, Marquis of, 109 ; High Commissioner for Scotland, 266 ; fails to bring about a settlement with the Scots, 267 ; his plan to 35 2 INDEX HAMILTON HYTHE blockade Scotland, 267 ; commands troops for Scotland, 269-72 Hamilton, John, 271 Hamilton, Peter, 271 Hamilton, Robert, 271 Hammond, Colonel, besieges Pendennis, 308-10 Hannay, Mr. David, xvi Harbour de Grace, Newfoundland, 21 Harley, Sir Robert, 301 Harris, Captain Christopher, commands the Charles, 102 Harvey, a pirate, 22 Harvey, Captain Edward, in Rochelle expedition, 191, 200 Harvey, Captain John, in Rhé expedition, 178 n. Harwich, 269, 275 Hastings, 261 Heath, Sir Robert, Recorder of London, 88 Helford, 239 Helvoetsluys, 257 ; royalist fleet at, 327-32 Hemsley, Mr., quarrel with Mainwaring, 97 Herbert, Edward, Lord, on Special Naval Commission, 146, 152 . Herring fishery, 242-5 Hervey, Lord, on Special Naval Commission, 146 ; early career of, 147, 152 ; RearAdmiral in the Rhé expedition, 171 Heydon, Sir William, on Special Naval Commission, 146 ; on Council of War, 184 Hickes, Sir Elias, in fleet of 1636, 2 34 Hill, Captain Phillip, in fleet of 1636, 235 ; in fleet of 1637, 255 ; in fleet of 1639, 269, 28o n. ; in fleet of 1641, 291 71. Hill, Captain Richard, in fleet of 1640, 288 Hill, Captain Thomas, 30 Hill, Captain, Muster master of Dover Castle, 128 Hinds, Mr. Allen, xv Hofler, Hans, 271 Holland, fishery of, in English seas, 242-5, 258 ; ships of, 264 ; engagement between Dutch and Spanish fleets in the Downs, 1639, 275 et sqq. ; royalist fleet in, 326 et sqq. ; Charles II leaves, 333 Holland, Earl of, commands reinforcements for Rhé, 174- 176, 178-80 ; driven back into Plymouth, 18o-1 ; letter to Buckingham, 183 ; mentioned, 204 Home, George, 271 Home, James, 271 Hopton, Lord, leaves Pendennis, 310 ; at Jersey, 317 ; leaves Jersey, 320 ; joins royalists in Holland, 327 ; mentioned, 306, 307,333 Howard, Lord, of Effingham. See Nottingham, Earl of Huguenots, settle at Dover and the Cinque Ports, 86-8 ; use of St. Mary’s Church granted to, 86-7. See also Rhé and Rochelle Hurtado de Mendoza, 113 Hyde, Sir Edward. See Clarendon, Earl of Hythe, refugees at, 87 INDEX 353 IGHTFIELD KERBY IGHTFIELD, Shropshire, 1- 335 Inchcolm, 27o Inchkeith, 270 Inner Temple, 5 Ipswich, ships built at, 183 Ireland, 47 ; rumoured Spanish invasion of, 63 ; piracy on the coast of, 15-19, 3 0 Irish Sea, 267 JACOB, John, alias Van de Stat, 87 James I, grants Mainwaring a pardon, 3o—I ; sends English squadron into the Mediterranean, xi, 41 et sqq. ; orders Mainwaring to postpone his departure for Venice, 44 ; Venetian request to, for the loan of warships, 58 ; Sir H. Wotton’s letter to, 59 ; unable to grant the Venetian request, 62 ; mobilises part of the fleet, 62 ; loth to abandon his Mediterranean project, 66 ; thanks of the Venetian government to, 67 ; success of his policy, 67 ; anxiety over the Spanish match, Ioo ; letter to the Prince and Buckingham, 102-3 ; fondness for fish, 104 ; urgent request for the fleet to sail for Spain, 104 ; anxious for the return of the Prince, io6 ; letter to the Navy Commissioners, 107 ; visits Rutland’s fleet, 109 ; delighted with his reception, 109 ; naval activity I. during the latter part of his reign, 130-3 ; interest in the Navy, 1 33-4 ; strength of the Navy at his death, 135 ; mentioned, 31, 216 James, Jonas, 301 Jermyn, Lord, at Jersey, 316-7 ; plot to deliver the Channel Islands over to France, 319-20 Jersey, arrival of the Prince of Wales in, 312 ; rejoicings in, 314-5 ; arrival of Lord Digby at, 315 ; defences strengthened, 316 ; Prince of Wales leaves, 317 ; royalist exiles in, 318 ; plot to deliver to the French, 319- 320 ; fortifications, 321 ; efforts to capture, by the Parliamentarians, 321-2 ; expedition against, abandoned, 323 ; Mainwaring leaves, 324 Jesuit emissaries, precautions against them landing in England, 75 Jewell, Captain William, 200 Johnson, Captain Benjamin, in fleet of 1636, 234 Johnson, Bernard, the King’s engineer, surveys Dover Castle, 129 ; account of, 129 42. Johnson, Phillip, 285 Joliffe, Master gunner. 171 Juliers, siege of, 161o, 6 KEMP, Ned, of Dover, 8o Kent, 8o, 285 Kerby, Robert, mutiny of, 188 ; pardoned, 189 n. 2 A 354 INDEX KETCHES Ketches, 281 Kettleby, Captain Thomas, impresses men for Rhé, 169 ; commands Victory in Rhé expedition, 171 ; in Rochelle expedition, 190, 200 ; in fleet of 1636, 235 ; in fleet of 1637, 254 Killegrew, Sir Peter, 309 King Road, pirates in, 7 King, Thomas, mariner, 296 King, Captain William, petitions the King for the island of Fernando do Noronha, 209-II ; member of the Virginia Company, 209 n. Kinsale, Prince Rupert at, 332-4 Kirke, Captain Lewis, in fleet of 1635, 231 ; in fleet of 1636, 235 ; in fleet of 1637, 254 Kirke, Captain Thomas, commands Swallow in fleet of 1636, 234 ; in fleet of 1637, 245 ; in fleet of 1638, 263 Kyme, Captain, 221 LA FLOTTE, surrender of, 172 Lambert, John, in fleet of 1640, 288 ; in fleet of 1641, 291 n. Lancaster, Sir James, 298 Land’s End, 232, 241, 244, 259 Laud, Archbishop, 233 Laughton, Mr. L. G. Carr, xvi Leigh, near Southend, Turkish pirates at, 31 Leith. 269, 275 Leland, John, 2 Lemoz, Gaspar de, 211 Levant, 31, 38 Levant Company, 31 Lewkenor, Sir Lewis, Master of the Ceremonies, 92, 93 LYNCH Liddiard, Captain, commands Charles in the Rhé expedition, 172 Limehouse, 167 Lindsey, Earl of, commands expedition to Spain, 145 ; failure of, 145–6 ; on Special Naval Commission, 146, 157 ; Vice-Admiral in the Rhé expedition, 171 ; commands expedition for Rochelle, 199- 200 ; arrival at Rochelle, 201 ; difficulties encountered, 201 ; the King’s instructions to, 201 ; attack on Rochelle, 202-3 ; failure of, 204 ; commands first ship-money fleet, 230—I ; voyage of, 232-3 ; effect of his fleet, 233 ; commands troops for Scotland, 269, 273 Lindsey, Captain Peter, in fleet of 1635, 231 ; in fleet of 1636, 235 Ling, 104, 249 Lionello, of the Venetian Embassy, interviews Mainwaring, 37 Lisbon, 26 Lizard, The, 259 Loix, Island of, 181 12. London, mentioned, 29, 103 ; port of, 31 Loseley, Surrey, 3, 4, 215 n. Love, Sir Thomas, Captain of the Antelope, 102 ; in Cadiz expedition, 142, 144 ; on Special Naval Commission, 146 ; early career of, 147 Lubeck, 12, 30 Lumley, Viscount, 209 Lynch, Anthony, merchant, 13 Lynch, Anthony, recusant, arrested, 75 INDEX 355 MAAS MAINWARING MAAS, 264 Macklin, Sir John, in Jersey, 3 18,324 Madrid, journey of the Prince of Wales to, 91-3 ; sojourn in, III Magellan, Straits of, 147 Maidstone, court house at, 85-6 Mainwaring, Anne, 3 Mainwaring, Sir Arthur, 2 Mainwaring, Sir Arthur, brother of Henry, member of the Virginia Company, 76 -; petitions the King for the island of Fernando do Noronha, 209-11 ; death of, 334 Mainwaring, Sir George, father of Sir Henry, 3, 335 Mainwaring, George, owner of the Ann Adam, 42 Mainwaring, Lady Grissell, 334-5 Mainwaring, Hawkyn, 2 Mainwaring, Sir Henry, his career typical of the sea life of the period, vii ; significance of, viii-ix ; piracy of, x-xi ; Venetian services of, xii ; Lieutenant of Dover Castle, xii ; service in the Royal Navy, xii-xv ; takes the side of the King during the Civil War, xv ; his Discourse of Pirates, xvi; frequently confused with others of the same name, xvi ; chronological table of life of, xxi-xxii ; birth, 3 ; enters Brasenose College, 4 ; B.A., 1602, 5 ; student of the Inner Temple, 5 ; pupil of John Davies of Hereford, 5 ; his epigram on Mainwaring, 6 ; promised captaincy of St. Andrew’s Castle, 6 ; commission against the pirates, 7 ; decides to accompany Sir R. Shirley to Persia, 8 ; Davies writes farewell ode to, 8 ; prevented by the Spanish ambassador, 9 ; purchases the Resistance and turns pirate, II ; captures Spanish ships, 12 ; at Mamora, 12-14 ; Spain endeavours to enlist his services, 13-14 ; offers from the Duke of Florence, 14-15 ; fame on the Irish coast, 15 ; Sir William Monson impersonates him there, 15-19 ; Dey of Tunis anxious to come to terms with, 19 ; at Newfoundland, 19-21 ; persuades Sir R. Whitbourne to negotiate a pardon, 20 ; return from Newfoundland, 25 ; defeats Spanish warships, 26 ; Spanish offers to, 26-7 ; French issue letters of reprisal against, 29 ; James I offers him a pardon, 29 ; on Irish coast, 3o ; Irishmen anxious to enlist under him, 3o ; arrives in Dover Harbour, 3o ; one of his ships detained, 3o ; purchases another, 3o ; pardoned, 30-1 ; captures a Turkish pirate in the Thames, 31-2 ; commissioned to build pinnace for Lord Zouch, 32 ; entertained by Zouch at Dover, 33 ; appointed a Gentleman of the Bed – chamber, 34 ; Gondomar’s conversation with, 36 ; 356 INDEX MAINWARING 117AINWARING Venetian request to hire English merchant ships, 37 ; Venetian Ambassador’s negotiations with, 38 ; Gondomar objects to him entering the Venetian service, 39-40; sued by Gondomar for 8o,000 ducats, 4o ; James I recommends, to the Venetian Republic, 40-1; prevented by Gondomar, 42 ; determines to embark in a private capacity, 43 ; knighted, 43 ; ordered by James I to postpone his departure, 44 ; writes a discourse on piracy and presents it to James, 46 ; leaves for Venice, 46 ; adventures en route, 46-7 ; entertained by the Duke of Savoy, 47 ; reaches Venice, 47 ; conversation with Gondomar, 48-9 ; Sir H. Wotton’s audiences with the Doge concerning Mainwaring, 48- 49 ; Donato’s report on Gondomar’s conversation, 49-50 ; Wotton’s account of, 5o ; account of his services on behalf of the Venetian Republic, 51 ; his paper on the value of large and small ships in naval warfare, 51-6 ; undertakes to supply ships and seamen for Venice, 56 ; entrusted with a mission to James I, 57 ; endeavours to loan English warships, 57 ; leaves Venice, 57 ; entrusted with letters from Sir H. Wotton, 58 ; adventures en route, 58 ; reaches England, 58 ; interview with James at Newmarket, 58 ; Wotton’s opinion of, 6o-1 ; unable to loan warships, 62 ; suggestion to Buckingham regarding the Spanish menace, 65-6 ; thanked by the Venetian government, 68 ; appointed Lieutenant of Dover Castle, 69-70 ; thanks Lord Zouch, 70-1; his zeal, 72 ; endeavours to improve the defences of Dover Castle, 72, 77; receives Gondomar at Dover, 73-4 ; Gondomar’s jest with, 74 ; asks Zouch for books, 74-5 ; precautions against spies, 75 ; member of the Virginia Company, 76 ; Wotton visits, 77 ; letter on a sonnet of Wotton’s, 78 ; visits London in order to obtain supplies for Dover, 79, 83-5 ; opposition of the Mayor of Dover to, 8o ; made a freeman of Dover, 8o ; elected M.P. for Dover, 8i ; reports the wreck of the Ark Noah, 81 ; opposition of the Serjeant of the Admiralty of the Cinque Ports to, 82-3 ; visit to Archbishop of Canterbury, 84 ; dedicates a copy of The Seaman’s Dictionary to the Archbishop, 85 n. ; account of the Huguenots at Dover, 86-7 ; orders a census of those in the Cinque Ports, 87-8 ; visits Margate, 88-9 ; difficulties of impressing seamen from the Cinque Ports, 89 ; fines French fishermen, 90 ; escorts the Ambassador INDEX 357 MAINWARING MAINWARING Boischot from Calais, 91-3 ; letter to Zouch, 93 ; recommended for service in the fleet to fetch the Prince home from Spain, 94-5 ; accused by Zouch of neglecting his office, 96-7 ; asked to resign, 96 ; reply to Zouch’s charges, 97-9 ; dismissed from Dover, Ioo ; appointed captain of the Prince Royal, 100-2 ; assumes command of the fleet during Rutland’s absence, 104-6, 107 ; illness of, 107-8 ; letter to Conway, 107-8 ; receives James I on board the Prince Royal, Iog ; fleet sails, io9 ; arrival at Santander, 112 ; leaves Santander, I I4 ; lands with the Prince on St. Mary’s Island, 115 ; arrival at. Portsmouth, 116 ; remuneration for the voyage, 116 ; efforts of the Prince to restore him to Dover, 117-8 ; the Prince’s opinion of, 119 ; Zouch refuses to restore him, 120 ; dedicates a copy of his Seaman’s Dictionary to Zouch, 12I ; instructions for the droit gatherers of the Cinque Ports, 123-4 ; prohibited from holding any office in the Ports, 124 ; stands as M.P. for Dover, 124-5 ; unsuccessful, 125 ; petition about Dover election, 125-7 ; Zouch’s agreement with Buckingham concerning, 128-9 ; advises Buckingham on naval matters, 132 ; dedicates his Seaman’s Dictionary to Buckingham, 134 ; his proportions for masts and yards, 136 ; paper on Portsmouth as a naval base, 136-40 ; his advice acted upon, 14o—i ; on Special Naval Commission, 146 ; acting Surveyor of the Navy, 148 ; surveys the King’s ships, 148-9 ; at Chatham, Woolwich, and Deptford, 149 ; at Rochester, 150 ; attends meeting of the Special Commission at the Star Chamber, 152-3 ; raises question of a dock at Portsmouth, 158 ; scheme approved, 159 ; attends last meeting of the Special Commission, 161 n. ; superintends the manning and equipment of the fleet for Rhé, 164-5 ; difficulties encountered, i65 ; accompanies the King to the Isle of Wight, 165 ; letter to Buckingham regarding the fleet for Rhé, 166-9 ; appointed a commissioner for the sale of prize goods, 17o ; opinion regarding the armament of the fleet, 171 ; instructed by the King to assume charge of reinforcements and supplies for Rhé, 1 74-5 ; at Plymouth, 175 ; his letters to Nicholas, 176-7 ; highly commended, 177-8 ; reports lack of victuals, 179- 18o ; helps to prepare fleet for Rochelle, 182 ; surveys merchant ships, 182 ; difficulties of finding sufficient seamen, 182 ; conference at 358 INDEX MAINWARING MAINWARING Trinity House, 182 ; appointed to the Council of War, 183-4 ; letter to Buckingham regarding Rochelle expedition, 185-8 ; helps to quell mutiny at Plymouth, 188 ; prepares relief ships for Rochelle, 192-3 ; audience with Buckingham, 194 ; payment for his services, 204 ; wooing ‘of a wealthy widow, 207-9 ; petitions the King for the grant of Fernando do Noronha, 209-11 ; petition granted, 2I ; failure to settle on, 212 ; romantic marriage of, 213-5 ; Master of Trinity House, 215 ; presents discourse to Sir J. Coke on the Sowe fishery, 216 ; accompanies the King on a tour of inspection, 219 ; appointed on a commission to survey the King’s ships, 221-2 ; death of his wife, 222 n. ; commands Unicorn in the fleet of 1636, 2 34 lack of seamen for, 238 ; detained in the Downs, 240 ; joins the fleet off the Lizard, 240 ; at Portsmouth, 245 ; evidence regarding the defects in the fleet, 247-50 ; captain of the Unicorn in the fleet of 1637,253-4,256 appointed for the winter guard of the seas, 260 ; journey to Dieppe to fetch the French Ambassador, 260—I ; injured, 262 ; appointed to the Charles in the fleet of 1638, 262 ; tries for the Surveyorship of the Navy, 265 ; unsuccessful, 266 ; appointed ViceAdmiral in the fleet of 1639, 268 ; convoys troops to Scotland, 269 ; receives Scottish prisoners, 271 ; conveys them to Gravesend, 272-4 ; letters to Windebank, 273-4 ; joins the fleet in the Downs, 275 ; meets the Spanish and Dutch fleets, 276 ; his proceedings with, 277 ; letter to Sir J. Pennington, 278 ; negotiations with Tromp, 280, 283 ; account of the defeat of the Spanish fleet, 283-5 ; appointed to the Charles in the fleet of 1640, 287-8 ; deprived of his command, 291 ; chosen Master of the Trinity House, 295; account of his connection with, 295-302 ; dismissed by the Parliament, 302 ; outbreak of the Civil War, 302 ; joins the royalists at Oxford, 302 ; created a Doctor of Physic, 302 ; his Seaman’s Dictionary published by the Parliament, 303 ; object of the book, 303-5 ; accompanies the Prince of Wales to the West of England, 305 ; appointed to command the St. George, 306 ; his ship detained by the governor of Pendennis for the defence of that Castle, 307-9 ; joins Prince of Wales in Scilly, 310 ; arrives with the Prince in Jersey, 312 ; poverty of, in exile, 313 ; instructs the Prince in the rudiments of seamanship, 313-4 ; de- INDEX 359 MAINWARING MESSINA dines to accompany the Prince into France, 318 ; leaves Jersey, 324 ; joins the revolted ships in Holland, 326 ; commands the Antelope, 327 ; his ship dismantled, 332 ; warrant to pay him 30o guineas, 333 returns to England, 334 compounds for his estate, 336-8; death and burial, 33 8 Mainwaring, Sir John, 2 Mainwaring, Margaret, 2 Mainwaring, Sir Randle, 3 Mainwaring, Sir Richard, 2 Mainwaring, Thomas, younger brother of Sir Henry, member of the Virginia Company, 76 Mainwaring, William, 1, 2 Mainwaring. See also Mesnilwarin Malaga, Straits of, 31 Mamora, English pirates at, 9 ; Mainwaring at, 12-4 ; Spanish plans to capture, 23-4 ; its capture by Fajardo, 24-5 Mansell, Sir Robert, 1 33, 1 47, 221-2 Manty, Admiral de, 231 Marbery, Captain Anthony, in Rochelle expedition, 19o, 200 ; charged with cowardice, 202 n. Margate, damage done by the sea at, 88-9 ; pier, 89 Marlborough, Earl of, on Special Naval Commission, 146 Marseilles, 20 Marsh, Gabriel, Marshal of the Admiralty, 167 Marsh, Richard, Clerk of Dover Castle, 97-8 ; statement against Mainwaring, 118 ; Zouch’s agreement with Buckingham concerning, 128 Marten, Sir Henry, Judge of the Admiralty Court, 227, 297 Mason, Captain, 197 Masts, sizes, 136 Maynwaring. See Mainwaring Medina, Duke of, his offer to Mainwaring, 14 Mediterranean, England’s policy in, ix ; piracy in, 9, 26 ; Spanish fleet in, 35-6 ; English squadron in, 41 ; English fleet to enter, 63-4 ; expedition to, abandoned, 67-8 ; mentioned, 1 37, 297 Medway, 148 Mennes, Sir John, in fleet of 1635, 231 ; in fleet of 1636, 234 ; in fleet of 1637, 254 in fleet of 1638, 263 ; in fleet of 1639, 269 ; in expedition to Scotland, 28o, 287 n.; refuses to surrender to the Parliament, 294 Mervin, Sir Henry, in Rhé expedition, 178 n., 179, 18o, 181; Rear-Admiral in fleet of 1636, 235 ; distributes licences to Dutch fishermen, 243 ; Rear-Admiral in fleet of 1637, 254, 256 ; RearAdmiral in fleet of 1638, 262 ; refuses command in fleet of 1639, 268 ; demands of, 268 n. ; mentioned, 188, 206, 221, 225, 247, 2 93 Mesnilwarin, Ranulphus de, 1 n. Messina, 63, 66 36o INDEX MICHIELINI NAVY Michielini, of the Venetian Embassy, interview with Mainwaring, 37 Milan, 46 Milles, Lieut.-Colonel, 271 Minions, 52-4 ; 2 97, 299, 301 Monson, Sir William, uses Mainwaring’s name to capture a pirate’s stronghold on the Irish coast, 15-19 ; thinks Chatham the safest base for the fleet, 14o n. ; ViceAdmiral in fleet of 1635, 230-I Montague, Captain James, in fleet of 1635, 231 Montgomery, Earl of, 41, 6o, 109 Montrose, Marquis of, 333 More, Sir George, of Loseley, 215 n. More, Sir William, of Loseley, 3-4 Morley, Lord, Vice-Admiral in fleet of 1623, 102, 116 Morocco, Emperor of, 29 Morosini, Venetian Ambassador, 26 Morter, Peter, 87 Morton, Earl of, Vice-Admiral in Rochelle expedition, 200 Murray, Captain David, in fleet of 1636, 235 ; in fleet of 1637, 254 ; in fleet of 1638, 263 ; in fleet of 1639, 269 ; in fleet of 164o, 288 ; in fleet of 1641, 291 n. Murray, Sir David, 318, 324 NAPLES, Spanish Viceroy at, 35 Narrow Seas, right of fishery in, 215-6, 218 ; Admiralty of, claimed by Sir H. Mervin, 268 n. ; mentioned, 219, 227 Naunton, Sir Robert, recommends Mainwaring as captain of the Prince Royal, 95 Naval Art, Mainwaring’s paper on the relative value of large and small ships in naval warfare, 51-6 Naval Commission of 1618, 13o-1, 143 Naval Commission of 1626-7, proceedings of, 146-6o Naval ordnance. See Guns and gunnery Naval punishments, io5 n.- io6 n. Navy, English, Venetian request to loan English warships, 57-62 ; refused, 62 ; mobilised against possibility of Spanish invasion, 62-3 ; to enter the Mediterranean, 63-4 ; lack of money to fit out, 65 ; expedition against the pirates postponed, 67 ; services not seriously requisitioned during reign of James, 133 ; Spanish fear of, 133 ; Mainwaring suggests Portsmouth as a base for, 136-40 ; abuses in, 1 43-4 ; Charles I appoints Special Commission to inquire into, 146-6o ; chaos and fraud in administrative departments of, 152 ; major ity of fleet unseaworthy, 154 ; fraudulent dealing by the Commissioners of, 1 54-5 ; rates of pay for officers and men, 1 59 ; Charles urged to devote the revenue of the subsidies INDEX 361 NAVY OGLANDER to, 16o ; fleet for the constant guard of the seas suggested, i 6o ; Parliament refuses supplies for, 161, 205 ; summary of Buckingham’s administration of, 198-9 ; inquiry into the state of, 219 ; interest of Charles I in, 219-20 ; survey of, 1633, 224 ; defects in 1636, 246-7 ; efforts of Charles I to raise a naval force, 292-3 ; revolts to the Parliament, 294 ; several join the royalists, 327 ; at Helvoetsluys, 327 et sqq. See also Cadiz, Rhé, Rochelle, Ship-Money Navy, Commissioners of the, 103, 107 ; frauds and abuses by, 1 54-5 ; mentioned, 165, 204 Newcastle, 271, 272, 273, 290 Newcomb, Sir Beverley, in Cadiz expedition, 142 Newcome, John, in fleet of 1638, 263 Newfoundland, English pirates at, 19-23 ; Mainwaring at, 19-21, 25 ; mentioned, 31 Newhall, Essex, 92 Newman, G., 208 Newman, Sir George, Admiralty Judge of the Cinque Ports, 98 Newmarket, 58, 66 Newport, Earl of, RearAdmiral in the Rochelle expedition, 200 ; allows Spaniards to purchase gunpowder, 28o Newport, Captain Christopher, voyage to Persia, 9 ; account of, 9 n. Nicholas, Sir Edward, Secretary to the Admiralty, &c., account of, 74 n. ; Mainwaring’s letter to, regarding reinforcements for Rhé, 176 ; expedites relief ships for Rochelle, 192 ; at the Hague, 333 ; mentioned, 129, 219 Nicholls, William, 285 Normandy, 47 Noronha, Fernando do, island named after, 2 I 1-2 . See also Fernando do Noronha Norreys, Thomas, Surveyor of the Navy, 148 ; fraudulent dealing by, 1 55 North Foreland, 32, 257 Northumberland, Earl of, commands fleet of 1636, 234 instructions to, 235-8 ; sails, 238 ; capture of Dutch privateer by, 239 ; voyage of, 239-45 ; list of defects in his fleet, 246-7 ; Lord High Admiral, 246 n. ; Lords of the Admiralty displeased with, 25o-1 ; commands fleet of 1637, 254 ; joins his flagship, 257 ; voyage of, 257-60 ; illness, 262 ; instructions to Pennington, 2 75, 279, 281 ; mentioned, 29o, 293 Nottingham, Earl of, Lord High Admiral, 7 ; his flagship, 64 Nowell, Dean, 5 Noy, Attorney-General, 227 OGLANDER, Sir John, Deputy Governor of the Isle of Wight, 3, 148 ; his opinion of Mainwaring, 148 n., 164 362 INDEX OLERON PENNINGTON Oleron, Isle of, 172 n. Olivares, Spanish Prime Minister, III Oppenheim, Mr. M., quoted, 1 55 Oquendo, Antonio de, commands Spanish fleet, 1639, 276 ; sails from Corunna, 276 ; off Plymouth, 276 ; engaged by de With and Tromp, 276-9 ; seeks shelter in the Downs, 279 ; narrative of his defeat by Tromp, 278-85 Orinoco, 1 47 Orlop, 156, 157 Ortegal, Cape, 112 Ossuna, Duke of, Spanish Viceroy at Naples, plot against Venice, 35, 45, 48,57 Oxford, royalist forces at, 302 ; Prince of Wales leaves, 305 PALMER, Sir Henry, Captain of the Rainbow, 102 ; brings provisions to Rhé, 176 ; Vice-Admiral in Rochelle expedition, 190 Pardoe, Captain, 200 Parker, Captain Nicholas, i.n Rochelle expedition, 190 Parliament, The, declare shipmoney illegal, 291-2: ; appoint Warwick Lord High Admiral, 293 ; revolt of the Navy to, 294 ; ask Trinity House for a loan, 301 ; dissolve charter of Trinity House, 302 ; efforts to reduce Jersey, 321-3 Parr, Roger, Clerk to the Navy Commissioners, examined before the Special Commission, 154 Parramour, Captain Richard, in fleet of 1635, 231 Peacham’s Compleat Gentleman quoted, 4 Peeker, George, 271 Pembroke, Earl of, on Special Naval Commission, 146 Pendennis Castle, 239 ; Prince of Wales at, 306-7 ; besieged by the Parliament, 307 ; Mainwaring’s ship assists in the defence of, 307-8 ; besieged by land and sea, 308-9 ; summoned to surrender, 309 ; refusal, 310 ; provisions for, 315 ; surrender of, 319 Pennington, Sir John, on Special Naval Commission, 146-8, 1 59 ; commands Lion in the Rhé expedition, 172 ; Buckingham’s instructions to, 172 n. ; expedites relief ships for Rochelle, 192 ; Admiral for the guard of the Narrow Seas, 224 ; RearAdmiral in the fleet of 1635, 230-1 ; Vice-Admiral in fleet of 1636, 235, 238 ; detained in the Downs through lack of seamen, 240 ; distributes licences to Dutch fishermen, 243 ; Vice-Admiral in fleet of 1637, 254, 256, 26o ; Admiral in the fleet of 1638, 262-5 ; offered surveyorship of the Navy, 266 n. ; Admiral of the fleet in 1639, 268 ; convoys troops to Scotland, 269 ; blockade of Scotland by, 27o ; Mainwaring’s letter to, 271 ; in INDEX 363 PENNINGTON PLYMOUTH the Downs, 275 ; the Spanish and Dutch fleets in the Downs, 276 ; Mainwaring’s letter to, concerning, 278 ; Northumberland’s instructions to, 279 ; list of fleet under his command, 28o n. ; proceedings with the Spanish and Dutch fleets, 280-3 ; his account of the defeat of the Spaniards, 283-5 Admiral of the fleet in 1640, 287-8 ; capture of Scottish merchantmen by, 288-9 ; arrival in the Forth, 290 ; ineffectual blockade of Scotland, 290 ; withdrawal of bis fleet, 291 ; commands the fleet of 1641, 291 ; viewed with suspicion by the Parliament, 292 ; removed from his command, 293 ; mentioned, 218, 219, 225, 247,299, 300 Penniwick, Alexander, 271 Pennycomequicke, 308, 309 Penruddock, Captain Anthony, in fleet of 1635, 23 1 Penryn, 309 Peover, Cheshire, 1 Pepys, Samuel, 312 Perraulx, 315 Persia, Sir R. Shirley’s embassy from, 7-9 Petersfield, 323 Pett, Captain John, in Rochelle expedition, 200 Pett, Phineas, builds pinnace for Lord Zouch, 32 ; appointed to the Prince Royal, 103 ; his Autobiography quoted, I04, I09, I13, 116 ; visits Portsmouth, 141-2 ; on Special Naval Commission, 146, 152, 154 ; early career of, 147 ; surveys the King’s ships, 148-9 ; appointed chief shipwright, 158 n. ; entertains Charles I at Woolwich, 219 ; – mentioned, 134, 156, 300 Pett, Captain William, in fleet of 1638, 263 Peyton, Sir Henry, enters Venetian service, 41 ; commands ships and troops for Venice, 42 ; sails from Gravesend, 44 ; arrival in the Adriatic, 45 ; account of, 56 Piracy, a school for seamanship, x Pirates, English, on the Barbary coast, 9-14 ; in the Mediterranean, 9, 26 ; on the Irish coast, 15-19 ; at Newfoundland, 19-23 ; Mainwaring presents discourse on, to James I, 46 Pirates, Turkish, attacks on English shipping, 31 ; captured by Mainwaring in the Thames, 31-2 ; English expedition against, 8o ; on Dorset coast, 264 Plumleigh, Captain, in Rochelle expedition, 200, 202 Plymouth, defenceless state of, 65 ; ships from, to carry reinforcements for Rhé, 174, 178, 18o ; death of 500 seamen at, 181 ; ships for Rochelle at, 184-5 ; mutiny of seamen at, 188 ; fleet for Rochelle leaves, 190 ; Spanish fleet off, 276 ; mentioned, 204, 232, 256, 259 Plymouth Sound, 109, III, 241 364 INDEX POOR Poor John, 104 Popham, Captain Edward, in fleet of 1637, 255 ; in fleet of 1639, 269, 28o fl., 285 ; in fleet of 1640, 288 Porter, Endymion, 92, 93, 214 Porter, Captain Thomas, in Cadiz expedition, 142 ; impresses men for Rhé, 169 ; commands Warspite in Rhé expedition, 172 ; in fleet of 1635, 231 ; in fleet of 1636, 235 Portland, 24o, 2 75 ,338 Portsmouth, Earl of Rutland’s fleet at, 1 04-9 ; dock at:, 136 ; Mainwaring’s suggestion regarding it as a naval base, 136-40 ; estimates for a dock there, 140-1 ; project deferred, 141; Teredo Navalis at, 141; dry-dock started at, 142 ; naval base during the Dutch wars, 142 ; Mainwaring’s scheme for a dock approved, 158-9 ; Rhé expedition assembles at, i 70 ; Charles I at, 170 ; necessity of a dock at, 183 ; fleet for Rochelle at, 195 ; visit of Charles I to, 196 ; Bucking-. ham at, 196 ; mutiny of seamen at, 197 ; Bucking-. ham murdered at, 198 ; return of the Rochelle fleet: to, 205 ; naval stores at, exhausted, 205 ; .mentioned, 224, 23o, 245, 3 23 Portsmouth, Mayor of, 141 Poulett, Lord, in fleet of 1635, 231 Povey, Captain John, in Rochelle expedition, 200 ; in fleet of 1635, 231 ; in RAVEN fleet of 1636, 235 ; in fleet of 1637, 254 ; in fleet of 1638, 263 ; Rear-Admiral in fleet of 1639, 269 ; RearAdmiral in fleet of 1640, 288 ; Rear-Admiral in fleet of 1641, 291 n. Powell, Captain, 200 Press, Shropshire, 2 Press-Masters, ill-manning of Navy due to, 249 Price, Captain Thomas, in fleet of 1635, 231 ; in fleet of 1636, 235 ; in fleet of 1639, 269 ; in fleet of 1640, 288 ; in fleet of 1641, 291 n. Primrose, Captain, 271 Privateers, ix. Protestants, French. See Huguenots QUEENBOROUGH, 103, 165, 167 RABNETT, Thomas, Master in the fleet of 1637, 255 Rainborowe, Captain Thomas, 221 ; to command expedition against Jersey, 321 ; ordered to stay his regiment, 323 ; mutiny of his troops, 323 ; appointed ViceAdmiral of the Parliament’s fleet, 326-7 ; note on 323 n. Raleigh, Sir Walter, ships built for, 64 ; draws attention to the decay of the Cinque Ports, 69 ; mentioned, 27, 3 2-3, 1 37, 147 Ramsey, Andrew, 271 Rattray, Dr., account of Fernando do Noronha, 212 Raven, Dr., wooing of, 207-8 INDEX 365 READING ROCKWELL 203 ; considers Rochelle impregnable, 203 ; surrender of Rochelle to, 204 ; orders the French fleet to the Bay of Biscay, 232 Rochelle, Huguenots at, 164 ; Charles I determines to relieve, 182 ; fleet for, 182 ; provisions from England for, 182 ; expedition delayed, 184 ; Mainwaring’s letter regarding, 185-7 ; fireships for, 187 ; lack of seamen for, 188 ; fleet sails for, 190 ; arrival at, 191 ; elaborate system of defence at, 191 ; attack by fireships on, 191 ; failure, 192 ; victualling of fleet for, 192 ; rumoured impossibility of relieving, 193 ; fireships and corn for, 194 ; expedition to sail under Buckingham, 195 ; plight of, 195 ; rumoured relief of, 197 ; expedition sails under the command of the Earl of Lindsey, 199-200 ; arrival at, 201 ; feeble attack on, 201–2 ; Richelieu considers impregnable, 203 ; surrender of, 204 ; return of fleet from, 205 ; French fleet at Rochelle in 1636, 238 Rochester, adventure of Prince Charles at, 92 ; survey of Navy at, 148-9 ; Mainwaring at, 165 ; Charles I at, 219 ; mentioned, 137 Rochester, John, 285 Rochford, Viscount, afterwards Earl of Dover, 98 n. Rockwell, Thomas, in fleet of 1639, 285 ; in fleet of 1640, 288 ; in fleet of 1641, 291 n. Reading, John, Rector of St. Mary’s, Dover, 86-7 Red Nore, Sussex, 121 Rhé, Isle of, expedition to, xiii ; fleet for, 164 ; difficulties of, 165 ; lack of seamen for, 166-8 ; money for, 170 ; fleet and troops assemble at Portsmouth, 170 ; inspected by the King, 170-1 ; guns for, 171 ; expedition leaves Stokes Bay, 171 ; landing effected at, 172 ; siege of St. Martin’s, 173 ; ships encompass, 173 ; Mainwaring in charge of reinforcements and supplies for, 1 73- 5 ; arrival of provisions, 176 ; Buckingham decides to make a final effort to capture the fort of St. Martin’s, 177 ; Mainwaring’s efforts to hasten reinforcements to, 178 ; lack of victuals in the relief ships for, 179-80 ; relief ships driven back, 180 ; Buckingham storms the fort, 181 ; failure of, 181 ; withdrawal and embarkation from, 181 Rhine, 58 Ribera, Francisco de, commands Spanish squadron against Venice, 35-6 ; withdraws his fleet, 45 Rice, Captain Anthony, in Rochelle expedition, 190 Richelieu, Cardinal de, his efforts to make France a prominent naval power, 163-4 ; determined to crush Huguenots at Rochelle, 164 ; negotiations with Charles I, 366 INDEX ROMNEY Romney Marsh, 87 Rosewell, George, 33o Rotterdam, 328 Rouen, 75, 32o Rupert, Prince, joins revolted ships at Helvoetsluys, 327 ; appointed to command, 332; sails from Helvoetsluys, 33 ; arrival at Kinsale, 33 2; prizes taken by, 333 ; leaves Kinsale, 334 Russell, Sir William, Treasurer of the Navy, 146, 152, 159 n ., 161, 182, 224 Rutland, Earl of, Admiral of the fleet to bring Prince Charles home from Spain, 95, I00, I OI, 102 ; joins fleet in the Downs, 103 ; letter to Conway, 103-4 ; fleet arrives at Stokes Bay, 104 ; injured by a fall, 104 ; letter of Mainwaring to, 105-6 ; sickness in his fleet, 106 ; comes to London, 107 ; at Portsmouth, 109 ; fleet sails, 109 ; detained at Plymouth, II() ; arrival at Santander, I I2 ; leaves Spain, 114 ; arrival of his fleet at Portsmouth, 116 ; mentioned, 1 33 Rye, foreigners in, 88 ; mayor of, 90 ; fishery of, 216-7 ; decay of, 217-8 ST. ANDREW’S Castle, Hants, 6 St. Aubin’s Bay, 314 St. Dunstan in the West, 209 St. Giles’ Church, Camberwell, 213, 215 n., 222 n. ; Mainwaring buried at, 338 St. Helens, 179, 231 SCOTLAND St. Leger, Sir William, captain of the Bonaventure, 102 ; in Cadiz expedition, 142 St. Lucar, 240 St. Malo, 313, 318 St. Marie, surrender of, 172 St. Martin’s, siege of. See Rhé St. Mary’s Church, Dover, French refugees at, 86-7 St. Mary’s Creek, 103, 167 St. Mary’s Island, Scilly, 115, 307, 310—II St. Mauves, 308 St. Olave, Old Jewry, 207 St. Paul’s Cathedral, marriage of Mainwaring at, 214-5 Sakers, 52-4, 297, 299 Sallee, pirates at, 19, 252 Sandown Castle, 327 Sandwich, 87, 89 ; mayor of, 90, 99 Sandys, Sir Edwin, member of the Virginia Company, 127 San Roque, Cape, 2I1 Santander, no ; English fleet at, I12-3 ; Prince Charles leaves, 114 Sardinia, 66 Savile, Sir John, on Special Naval Commission, 146 Savoy, 47 Savoy, Duke of, entertains Peter Easton, 23 ; entertains Mainwaring, 47 ; Sir H. Wotton appointed Ambassador to, 77 Sayes Court, Chertsey, 334 Scantlings, 156-7 Scarborough, 244 Scilly Islands, 114, 115, 232, 241 ; Prince of Wales at, 306-7 Scotland, rebellion in 1639, 264; English fleet sent to, 265 ; INDEX 367 SCOTLAND failure of Hamilton’s mission to, 266-7 ; plan to blockade, 267 ; troops for, 267, 269 ; fleet blockades, 27o ; prisoners taken and conveyed to London, 271-4 ; peace with, 274 ; rebellion in 164o, fleet and army for, 287 ; shipping captured, 288 ; petition to Charles I, 289 ; invasion of England by, 289- 290 ; English fleet in the Forth, 290 ; ineffectual blockade of, 290 ; failure of campaign against, 290 ; withdrawal of English fleet, 291 Sea-fight, contemporary description of, 27-9 ; Mainwaring’s paper on sea-fighting, 51-6 ; brief instructions for, 1636, 235-8 Seaman, Captain Edmond, in fleet of 1638, 263 ; in fleet of 1639, 269 Seaman, Captain Richard, in fleet of 1640, 288 ; in fleet of 1641, 291 n. Seamen, English, forbidden to enter foreign service, ix ; bad treatment of, xiv—xv ; superiority of, 37, 54 ; wages, 56 ; impressment of, 89, 99 ; enter foreign service owing to higher rate of pay, 99 ; desertion of, io6 ; bad treatment and mutiny of, 145–6 ; have neither money nor clothes, 151 ; new rates of pay for, 159 ; food of, 166 ; lack of, for the expedition to Rhé, 167 ; dissatisfaction and disease among, 181 ; lack of, for Rochelle, 182, SHIP-MONEY 186, 188 ; causes of Mutiny among, 189 ; hostility towards Buckingham, 196 ; mutiny of, 197 ; view service in the King’s ships worse than being galleyslaves, 206 ; numbers for each ship propounded by the Trinity House, 223 ; lack of, in fleet of 1636, 238, 240, 248-9 Sebu River, 9 Shields, The, 272 Ship-money fleets, significance and necessity of, xiv—xv, 226-7 ; first writs for, 228 ; Coke’s instructions concerning, 228 ; list of the fleet for 1635 , 231 ; sailing of, 231 ; proceedings, 232-3 ; effect of, 233 ; writs for 1636 extended to the whole of the kingdom, 233-4 ; Northumberland appointed to command the fleet of 1636, 234 ; list of, 23q.-5 ; instructions to, 235-8 ; lack of seamen for, 238, 24o ; sails from the Downs, 238 ; proceedings of, 239-45 ; its presence keeps French out of the Channel, 246 ; issue of the third writs, 246 ; defects in the fleet of 1636, 246–5o ; amount due under the third writs, 252 ; opinion of the judges on, 253 ; list of the fleet for 1637, 254- 5 ; proceedings of, 256- 260 ; moral effect of the fleets on the French and Dutch, 261 ; writs for 1638, 261 ; opposition to, 261-2 ; list of the fleet for 1638, 368 INDEX SHIP-MONEY 262-3 ; Pennington appointed to command, 262 ; voyage of, 263-5 ; writs for 1639, 266 ; decrease in, 265 ; choice of competent commanders for, 268 ; Mainwaring appointed ViceAdmiral of, 268 ; list of fleet for 1639, 269 ; fleet convoys troops to Scotland, 270 ; in the Downs, 275 ; engagement between Spanish and Dutch fleets in the Downs, 276 et sqq. ; organised resistance against the writs, 286 ; list of fleet for 1640, 288 ; Scottish shipping captured by, 288-9 ; fail to blockade Scotland, 290 ; withdrawal of the fleet from Scotland, 291 ; Parliament attacks shipmoney, 291 ; the tax declared illegal, 291-2 Ships, Royal Navy, Mainwaring’s paper on the relative value of large and small ships in naval warfare, 51-6 ; dimensions of, 131, 223 ; proportions of masts and yards, 136 ; number of men and guns for each, 223 ; not fitting to loan ships of the Royal Navy . to a foreign power,62 ; defeats in 1626, 149-58 ; in 1635, 246 et sqq. Ships named, royal : Adventure, 135, 149, 153, 223, 231, 234, 247, 263 Anne Royal, 135, 142, 144, 149, 153, 223, 235 n., 238 Antelope, 102, 135, 190, 223, 231, 262 H., 269, 280 n., 288, 3 2 7 ,332 SHIPS Ships named, royal : Ark Royal, 64 Assurance, 64, 135, 1 49, 150, 153, 223 , 235, 247 Bear, 135, 1 49, 153 Black George, 200, 247 Bonaventure, 102, 132, 135, 142, 144, 149, 156, 179, 223, 234,254, 260 n., 269, 28o n., 291 n. Charles, 102, 135, 172, 223, 235, 262, 288 Constant Reformation, 132, 135, 142, 149, 151, 153, 156, 223, 231, 263, 327 Constant Warwick, 328, 329, 33 1 Convertive, 135, 142, 1 44, 178 n., 179, 223 , 234, 254, 263, 288, 322, 3 2 7,330 Crescent, 327 Defiance, 102, 11 3, 135 , 149, 153, 223 , 235 , 24 1, 247 Desire, 1 35, 1 49 Destiny, 64. Afterwards Convertive Dreadnought, 135, 142, 149, 153, 200, 223, 247, 254, 269, 270, 277, 280 n. Entrance. See Happy Entrance Espérance, 149, 164, 172, 191, 220 Fortune, 263 Garland, 132, 135, 1 44, 15 6, 190, 200, 223, 235, 263, 288, 291 n. George, 149, 190, 248 Greyhound, 234, 255, 26o n., 263, 264, 269, 27o, 288, 291 n. Happy Entrance, 132, 1 35 , 190, 200, 223, 156, 178 n., 234, 263, 264, 288, 291 n. INDEX 369 SHIPS • Ships named, royal : Henrietta, 149, 223, 225 Henrietta Maria, 223, 231, 234, 254, 269, 27 1-5 , 277, 28o n. Hind, 327 James, 231, 235, 254, 269, 288, 293 Leopard, 225, 231, 263, 264, 269, 288, 291 n. Lion, 231, 291 n. See also Red Lion Maria, 220, 223, 225 Mary Rose, 132, 135, 149, 153, 157, 178 n., 19o, 200, 223, 231, 235, 254, 263, 269, 288, 291 n. Merhonour, 135, 149, 15o, 153, 223, 231 Moon, 1 35, 149, 153 Nicodemus, 255, 263, 288, 291 n. Nonsuch, 135, 149, 153, 164, 172, 185, 190, 200, 223, 234, 263 Pelican, 327 Phcenix, 135 Prince Royal, 101-3, 106, 109, 112-4, 135, 149, 153, 223 Rainbow, 102, 114, 135, 142, 1 49-50, 153, 164, 167, 170-I, 185, 223, 231, 254, 269, 275, 288, 291 n. Red Lion, 64, 1 35, 1 44, 149, 151, 153, 164, 172, 223 Reformation. See Constant Reformation Repulse, 1 35, 1 49, 1 53, 164, 165, 167, 170-I, 223, 234, 2 47 Roebuck, 235, 255, 263, 269, 28o n., 288, 291 n., 327 St. Andrew, 102, 132, 135, 142, 157, 190, 200, 220, I. SHIPS Ships named, royal : 223, 231, 235, 248, 262, 291 31. St. Claude, 191, 200 St. Denis, 223, 247, 263 St. George, 102, 132, 135, 142, 144, 157, 178 n., 185, 1 9 1 , 200, 203, 220, 223, 231, 254, 257, 263, 288 St. James, 200 Satisfaction, 327 Seven Stars, 102, 114, 135 Sovereign of the Seas, 262 n. Speedwell, 64 Squirrell, 190 Swallow, 225, 231, 234, 327 Swan, 255, 263 Swiftsure, IO2, 132, 135, 142, 144, 15o, 156, 200, 220, 223, 231, 254, 260 n., 288 Triumph, 132, 135, 144-5, 15o, 157, 164, 170-1, 220, 223, 234, 244, 248, 254, 257 Unicorn, 234, 245, 248, 254, n., 26o-2, 269, 275, 28o 299-3 01 Vanguard, 64, 1 35 , 1 44, 149, 151, 153, 164:165, 167-8, 17o, 172, 190, 223, 231, 234. 254, 269 Victory, 132, 135, 1 49, 1 53 , .164-8, 1 70-I,223, 156, 234, 262, 269, 291 n. Warspite, 1 35, 1 53, 164, 167-70, 172, 220, 223 Warwick. See Constant Warwick First Whelp, 200, 223, 231, 255, 26o n., 263, 288 Second Whelp, 200, 223 , 235 , 255, z6o n., 261, 269, 28o n., 288 2 B 370 INDEX SHIPS Ships named,. royal : Third Whelp, 200, 220, 223, 231, 269, 280 n., 288 Fourth Whelp, 200, 223, 234 Fifth Whelp, 200, 223 , 235, 255 Sixth Whelp, 200, 263 Seventh Whelp, 200 Eighth Whelp, 200, 220, 223, 231, 263, 269, 288 Ninth Whelp, 200, 223, 270 Tenth Whelp, 200, 223, 231, 235, 263-4, 288, 291 12., 33o Ships, Merchant, strength of the mercantile marine, 1634, 225 Ships named, merchant : Abigail, 43, 52, 56 Ann Adam (Anadem), 42, 43, 52, 56 Anne Percy, 292 n. Ark Noah, 81, 118 Barbary, 3o Centurion, 43 ,53, 56 Confident, 262 n. Defence, 255 Devil of Dunkirk, 43 Doggerbank, 315 Dragon, 43, 53, 56 Eagle, 149, 297 n. Expedition, 9, 263, 269, 288, 291 n. Experience, 292 n. Fellowship, 177 Freeman, 231 George and Elizabeth, 297 n. Golden Lion, 3o Great George, 305, 307, 310 n. Hector, 175-6 Hercules (or Thomas Hercules), 43, 52, 56 Honour, 292 n. Hopewell, 276 SHIRLEY Ships named, merchant : Industry, 255 Jonas, 234. , 297 Jonathan, 175-6 Joseph, 299 Leghorn Merchant, 292 n. Little George, 309 n. Love, 33o Lucy, 292 n. Margaret, 255 Mary Anne, 31 Matthew, 43, 52, 56 Mayflower, 255, 263, 292 n. Minnikin, 231 Neptune, 234 Paragon, 292 n. Phcenix, 307 Pleiades, 231, 255 Proud Black Eagle, 311, 313, 3 1 4 Providence, 263, 265, 269, 280 n., 288, 291 n. Resistance, II Richard and Mary, 255 Royal Exchange, 42-3, 52, 5 6, 23 1 Royal Prudence, 255 St. Francis of Dunkirk, 315 St. George, 305, 310 n. Sampson. 231 Silver Falcon, 32 Squire of Aldeburgh, 301 Thomas and Lucy, 292 n. Thomas Hercules. See Hercules Trial, 297 True Love, 235, 292 n. Unicorn, 255, 258, 269,28o n., 292 n. William, 255 William and Thomas, 23r Shipwrights, 151, 165 Shirley, Sir Robert, arrival in England, 7 ; entertained by INDEX SHIRLEY STEWART 371 James I, 7 ; returns to Persia, 8-9 Shoe Beacon, Essex, 12I Sibett, John, 271 Simonds, Captain Francis, in fleet of 1638, 263 Singleton, Thomas, 5 Skinner, Lady, 208 Skipworth, Ralph, 213 Skipworth, Captain R., commands Espérance in Rhé expedition, 172 ; in Rochelle expedition, 191 Slingsby, Captain Robert, in fleet of 1636, 235 ; in fleet of 1637, 2 55 ; in fleet of 1638, 263 ; in fleet of 1639, 269, 28o n., 285 ; in fleet of 1640, 288 ; in fleet of 1641, 291 ii. ; refuses to surrender to the Parliament, 294 Smiles, Samuel, xvi Smith, Captain Francis, in fleet of 1636, 235 Smith, Captain John, governor of Virginia, quoted, II, 27- 29 ; mentioned, 304 n. Smith, Captain ohn, in service of Charles II, 305 Smith, Mr. L. Pearsall, xv Smith, Thomas, secretary to the Earl of Northumberland, 266, 268 Smith, Captain William, in fleet of 1635, 231 Somerset, .soldiers billeted in, 189 Somerset, Sir Thomas, at Santander, I12 Soubise, Due de, 17o Southampton, troops billeted in, 192 ; mentioned, 6, 108, 276 Southsea, 197 Sovereignty of the Seas, England’s claim to, viii, 216, 218, 219 n., 224, 227, 242, 246, 291 ; Coke’s instructions concerning, 228-3o. See also Ship-money fleets Sowe, fishing-ground near Rye, illegal French fishing at, 77, 90 ; Mainwaring’s discourse on, 216-8 ; importance of, 228-9 Spain, journey of the Prince of Wales and Buckingham to, 91-3 ; fleet to be fitted out for, 94 ; list of ships, 102 ; fleet leaves for, 109 ; fear of • English navy, 133 ; peace signed with, 206 n. Spanish fleet, capture of Mamora by, 24-5 ; enters the Adriatic, 35-6 ; English fleet mobilised against a possible invasion of England by, 62-3 ; Mainwaring’s suggestion to Buckingham concerning, 65-6 ; operations against Venice abandoned, 67 ; battle with Dutch in the Downs, 1639, 275 et sqq. Spanish Plot, 1618, 35-48 Spies, precautions against landing in England, 75 Star Chamber, meetings of the Special Naval Commissions at, 149, 161 ; mentioned, 214 Start, The, 276 Stawell, Sir Edward, 318, 324 Steward, Sir F., Captain of the St. George, 102 ; mentioned, 176 Stewart, Captain Walter, 231 ; commands Victory in the fleet of 1636, 234 ; in fleet of 1637, 254 372 INDEX STOKES TYNEMOUTH Stokes Bay, near Portsmouth, 104, 109, 144, 170-I Stradling, Captain Henry, in fleet of 1635, 231 ; in fleet of 1636, 235 ; in fleet of 1637, 254, 256 ; in fleet of 1638, 263 ; in fleet of 1639, 269, 28o n., 285 ; in fleet of 1640, 288 ; in fleet of 1641, 291 n. Strafford, Earl of, 250-1, 258 Strategy and tactics in 1636, 236-8 Swanley, Captain Richard, in fleet of 164o 288 ; in fleet of 1641, 291 n. Swanton, John, 285 Sweden, Scottish trade with, 290 Sydenham, Sir Francis, in Rhé expedition, 178 n. ; impresses seamen for Rochelle, 188 ; commands Mary Rose in Rochelle expedition, 190, 200 ; in fleet of 1635, 231 TAYLOR, Captain, Zoo Temple, Sir Peter, 208 Teredo Navalis, supposed existence of, in Portsmouth harbour, 141 Thames, mentioned, 37 , 137, 159. 178 Theobalds, 91, 1 33 Thynne, Sir Henry, voyage to Persia, 8-9 Tilbury, 167. 168, 182, 257 Toledo, Don Pedro de, 24 Torbay, 145, 259 Totnes, Earl or, on Special Naval Commission, 146 Tower of London, 84 Tower Hill, 1 97 Tranckmore, Robert, 14o Trenchfield, Captain Thomas, in fleet of 1637, 254 ; in fleet of 1638, 263 Trevor, Sir John, on Special Naval Commission, 146 ; Surveyor of the Navy, 147 Trevor, Sir Sackville, captain of the Defiance, 102 ; saves Prince Charles from drowning, I I3 ; on Special Naval Commission, 146, 152 ; early career of, 147 ; mentioned, 221 Trieste, 63 Trinity House, xiv, 141, 182 ; survey of the Navy by, 221 ; list of ships drawn up by, 223 ; Mainwaring elected Master, 294 ; duties of, 296- 298 ; petition of John Browne to, 298 ; survey of the Navy by, 298 ; report on the Unicorn, 299-301 ; Parliament requests a loan from, 30x ; Mainwaring dismissed by the Parliament from, 301-2 ; charter dissolved by Parliament, 302 Tromp, Martin Harpertzoon, intercepts Spanish fleet in the Downs, 278 ; engagement with, 279-85 ; mentioned, 286 n., 331 Truro, 306, 308 Tunis. Dey of, anxious to secure Mainwaring’s services, 19 Turner, Captain Robert, in fleet of 1636, 234 Tutchen, Anthony, 301 Tyburn, 116 Tyne, The, 290 Tynemouth, 242, 290 INDEX 373 UPNOR WEDDELL UPNOR, 139 n. Ushant, 232 Uxbridge, Treaty of, 305 VALENTIA, Viscount, in Cadiz expedition, 142 Van de Walle, Philip, 87 Van Dorp, Admiral, 244, 256 Van Galen, Captain, captures Dunkirk frigate, 239 ; note on, 239 n. Venice, Spanish plot against, xi, 35 ; Ossuna’s fleet against, 35 ; seek assistance of James I, 36 ; hire English merchantmen, 36 et sqq. ; English squadron sails for, 44 discovery of Spanish plot, 45 ; Mainwaring leaves England for, 46 ; reaches Venice, 47 ; Ossuna’s plans to capture, 48 ; Mainwaring’s scheme for supplying ships and seamen for, 56 ; request the loan of English warships, 57, 62 ; Mainwaring’s suggestion regarding the Spanish menace to, 65-6 ; gratitude of, to James I, 67 ; thanks of the Republic to Sir H. Wotton and Mainwaring, 68 ; mentioned, 94, 95 Venice, Gulf of, 44 , 63 Vere, Lord, 298 Verney, Sir Francis, turns pirate, io Vespucci, Americo, account of Fernando do Noronha, 211 Victualling, 107-8 ; of the fleet for Rhé, 165-6 ; mismanagement of, 179-80 ; bad in the fleet of 1636, xv, 249 Villafranca, pirates’ base at, 25 Virginia Company, 32, 76-7 WAKE, Sir Baldwin, in fleet of 1640, 288 ; in fleet of 1641, 292 n. ; refuses to surrender to the Parliament, 294 ; accompanies Prince Charles to Jersey, 311 ; knighted, 3 1 4 Wales, Prince of. See Charles I and Charles II Walker, Sir Edward, at the Hague, 333 Wallace, Alexander, 271 Walmer Castle, 327 Walsingham, Captain, piracy of, 25 ; service in the Navy, 25 n. Walton, Izaak, 209 Ward, a pirate, 10 Wardeman, Joachim, of Lubeck, sells ship to Mainwaring, 3o Warren, Grffyn, 2 Warwick, Earl of, appointed Lord High Admiral by Parliament, 293 -4 ; demands surrender of Jersey, 321 ; blockádes revolted ships at Helvoetsluys, 329-31 ; mentioned, 129, 175-6 Waterford, 315 Watermen’s Hall, Masters of, 166, 168 Watts, Sir John, in Cadiz expedition, 142 ; on Special Naval Commission, 146, 152, 159 ; early career of, 1 47 ; at Rochester, 150 ; in Rhé expedition, 170-I Weddell, John, in Rhé expedition, 171, 173 ; in Rochelle 374 INDEX WEDDELL expedition, 185, 191 ; account of, 187 n. ; in second Rochelle expedition, 200, 202. Wells, John, keeper of Naval stores, examined by Special Commission, 1 54 ; pay due to, 1 55 Wentworth, Lord, at Jersey, 316-7 ; at the Hague, 333 West Indies, 99 Weymouth, 109, 231 Wheeler, Captain Abraham, in fleet of 1638, 263 ; in fleet of 1639, 269 ; in fleet of 1640, 288 ; in fleet of 16I, 291 n. Whitbourne, Sir Richard, meets Mainwaring at Newfoundland, 20 ; meets Easton at Newfoundland, 20-2 White, Peter, narrative of the engagement between the Spanish and Dutch fleets in the Downs, 1639, 277, 285 ; mentioned, 196, 238 Whitehall, meeting of the Special Naval Commission at, 16o ; Council of War at, 183 ; mentioned, 210 Whiteing, Walter, master of the Prince Royal, 115 Whitmore, Robert, prisoner at Dover Castle, 75-6 Whitchurch, I Wight, Isle of, troops billeted in, 165 ; Rochelle expedition off, 193 ; mentioned, 47, io8, 138, 285, 286 Williams, Captain, commands fireship at Rochelle, 191 Willoughby, Lord. See Lindsey, Earl of Wilmot, Viscount, commands reinforcements for Rho, 177 ; WOTT6N praises Mainwaring, 178 ; mentioned, 18o, 333 Wilsford, Captain, 98 Wilsford, Sir Thomas, 125, 127 Wimbledon, Viscount. See Cecil, Sir Edward Windebank, Sir Francis, Secretary of State, Mainwaring’s letters to, 2 73- 4 ; mentioned, 271, 272 Windsor, 99, 281 Windsor, Lord, Rear-Admiral in the fleet of 1623, 102, 105, 108, 116 Wine ships, English, detained at Bordeaux, 162 Wislade, William, 276 Woking, 43 Wolstenholme, Sir John, Commissioner of the Navy, 182 Woolward, Captain Anthony, in fleet of 1638, 263 ; in fleet of 1639, 269, 28o n. ; in fleet of 1640, 288 Woolwich, dockyard at, 136 ; survey of stores and ships at, 149 ; Charles I at, 219 ; Unicorn launched at, 299 ; mentioned, 32, 159, 167 Wotton, Sir Henry, English Ambassador at Venice, audience with the Doge regarding Mainwaring, 47 , -50 49; account of Mainwaring’s early career, 50 ; entrusts Mainwaring with letters to James I and Lord Zouch, 58-60 ; opinion of Mainwaring, 6o ; suggests expedition against Algiers, 63 ; Venetian thanks to, 67-8 ; recommends Mainwaring to Zouch, 7o ; visits Mainwaring at Dover, 77 ; INDEX 375 WOTTON ZOWE sonnet to the Oueen of Bohemia, 78 ; mentioned, 56, 93 Wotton, Lady, 77, 86 Wotton, Lord, 77, 86 ; account of, 86 n. Wreckage within the jurisdiction of the Cinque Ports, Mainwaring’s instructions concerning, 123-4 YARDS, sizes, 136 Yarmouth, 241 Yarmouth Roads, Isle of Wight, 1 79, 245 ,32 7 York, Duke of, 327 York House, I16 Young, Sir Richard, M.P. for Dover, 81,124-5 ; unseated, 126 ; re-elected, 127 ; finances Lord Zouch, 127-8 ZAPATA, Cardinal, I13 Zen, Venetian Ambassador at Savoy, 47 fl. Zouch, Lord, Lord Warden of the. Cinque Ports, detains ship belonging to Mainwaring, 3o ; commissions Mainwaring to build him a pinnace, 32 ; entertains him at Dover, 33 ; Sir H. Wotton’s letter to, regarding Mainwaring, 6o–I ; appoints Mainwaring Lieutenant of Dover Castle, 7o ; Mainwaring’s thanks to, 7o-1 ; Mainwaring’s letter to, announcing the arrival of Gondomar, 73 ; letter to, on sonnet of Sir H. Wotton, 77-8 ; accuses Mainwaring of neglecting his office, 96 ; requests him to resign, 96 ; Mainwaring’s reply to, 97-8 ; dismisses Mainwaring, I oo ; Prince of Wales’ letter to, regarding Mainwaring, I17 ; offers to vacate the Wardenship, 117-8 ; illness of, 118 ; his report on Mainwaring, 118 ; letter of the Prince of Wales to, 119 ; refuses to restore Mainwaring, 120 ; character of, 120 ; copy of the Seaman’s Dictionary dedicated to, 121 ; his jurisdiction as Lord Warden, 121-2 ; Mainwaring’s instructions for the droit gatherers of the Cinque Ports, 123-4 ; determines that Mainwaring shall not hold any office in the ports, 124 ; Dover election and, 125-7 ; sells the wardenship to Buckingham, 128 ; death, 129 n. ; mentioned, 8o-1, 9o, 93, 95 Zouch, Sir Edward, 117 Zowe. See Sowe
William Perrin was born on 10 February 1874, and lost his father at a very early age. His education was thus limited, and he progressed through hard work and industry. He entered the Civil Service by examination and was posted to the Admiralty on 2 August 1893, serving first in the Record Office, where he acquired an aptitude for original research, and later in the legal branch, where he developed an interest in flag questions, upon which he became a recognised authority, and wrote the standard work. In December 1900 he became private secretary to Sir Evan MacGregor, Secretary to the Admiralty, and then to his successor, Sir Inigo Thomas. His services here were recognised by the First Sea Lord, Jackie Fisher, with a glowing tribute.
He was appointed Librarian at the Admiralty on 10 April 1908. The completion of the Admiralty arch over the Mall afforded accommodation for the reorganisation of the Library, and Perrin was the ideal man to undertake this. He gathered from attics and disused rooms throughout the Admiralty many volumes lying idle and uncared for, giving them a proper home, and took in hand the task of compiling an catalogue. Within two years he had succeeded to such an extent that his work was recognised in a special article in The Times on 16 September 1910, which referred to the transfer of some 5,000 volumes to their new, spacious and well-lit apartments. A year later a new reading room attached to the Library was opened by the First Lord, Reginald McKenna.
From 1922 until his death on 12 February 1931 Perrin was Honorary editor of The Mariner’s Mirror and honorary secretary of the Navy Records Society, and, by appointment of the Admiralty, secretary to the Trustees of the National Maritime Museum and the Macpherson Collection. His death was brought on by overwork, causing a breakdown in January, swiftly leading to his death.
His publications include
• Nelson’s Signals: the evolution of the signals flags (H.M.S.O., 1908).
• The Autobiography of Phineas Pitt (Navy Records Society,1917
• The Life and Works of Sir Henry Mainwaring Volume II (Navy Records Society, 1921).
• British Flags, their early history, and their development at sea, with an account of the origin of the flag as a national device (C.U.P., 1922).
• The Naval Miscellany volume III (Navy Records Society, 1922
• The Letters and Papers of Admiral Viscount Keith, volume I (Navy Records Society, 1926).
• Boteler’s Dialogues (Navy Records Society, 1928).
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