How should the Royal Navy be manned? Was impressment the best answer to this question? Was the seizure of men off the streets by Press Gangs acceptable to a freedom-loving society? What was the alternative?
This issue provoked considerable debate, especially with reference to the Georgian and Victorian Navy, and attracted the attention, not only of naval officers to whom it was an essential matter of vital concern, but also of politicians, administrators, and influential voices in the City and the Press. Professor Bromley examines this important subject through the medium of twenty-five separate and complete pamphlets that were written and publicly circulated between 1693 and 1873. The authors of these pamphlets range from admirals, captains, commanders, lieutenants, and a naval chaplain to a City liveryman, a Middlesex JP, and celebrated philanthropist. Biographies of these authors are provided.
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[Footnotes are cited only when no related reference is made to the page above.]
Aberconwy, Caernarvon, 101
Aberdeen, Scotland, xix n., 102, 344
Aberdovey, Merioneth, 101
Aberthaw, Glamorgan, 101
Able Seamen, naval, xxxi, xl, 15 n., 26–7, 36, 43, 86, 89, 95–6, 103, 142, 147, 154–5, 193, 207 n., 289, 293–4, 339 n., 341 n., 347 sqq.; benefits, 182–3, 190 n., 359, 387: Coast Blockade, 361; definition, 27 n., 153 n., 158, 178–9, 201, 223 n., 285–7, 361; leading men, 143, 199, 350; punishment, 119–20; as rating, 20, 53, 62, 78 n., 114, 148 n., 163, 176, 201, 214–15, 248 n., 260, 266, 304, 307–8, 319, 327, 349; R.N.R., xlvi, 285–7, 289, 367, 370 n.; wages, 141 n.; see Pay, Petty Officers, Royal Navy
Acre, bombardment (1840), 229, 372, 377
Admiralty, Board of, xviii–xix, xxiv–v, 21, 24, 26 n., 29, 30, 39, 50, 52, 55, 89, 91, 93–4, 95–7, 112, 151–2, 185, 204, 211, 231 n., 234 n., 258 n., 282, 374, 387, 392; and Board of Trade, xii, 236, 239, 290–1; and Carmarthen, 375–6; Coastguard, 240 n., 256 n., 275; Continuous Service, 246 n., 247 n.; convoys, 40; and Crosfeild, 1–10, 378–9; manning, xxxvi n., 72, 75–7, 86, 105–6, 116–17, 144, 148, 151–2, 195–6, 199, 318 n., 359, 372; Marine Plan, xii, 343, 344 n.; messes, 265; militia, xxxvii, 282; nautical schools, 103, 318, 323; R.N.R., xlvi–vii, 290–1, 302, 315, 325 n.; Solicitor, 61; and Tagus, 280 n.
Admiralty, High Court of, 17 n.; Judge, 34 n.
Admiralty colleges, in United Provinces, 80
Admiralty courts, in France, 332 sqq., Brittany, 333 n.
Advanced ships, 208 n., 226 n.; see Demonstration ships
Affleck, Lieutenant Philip, 120 n.
Africa, naval station, 224, 231 n., 305, 380; Guinea, 96; the Cape, 250, 309
Afterguard, 252, 262, 350; captains, 142, 268, 349
Ages, of seamen on St. Domingo, 353; of marines, 353; of boys, 353
Aldershot, Hampshire, 254
Ale-houses, 29 n., 75; licences for wives of volunteers, 45; at docks, 112; extortion by keepers, 107
Algiers, bombardment (1816), 380
Allotment Acts (1758, 1795, 1806), xxx, xxxii, xxxvii, 111 n., 155, 183; see Families
America, North, naval station, 309, 372, 383; South, naval station, 309, 373, 381
American independence, effects on manning, 130, 160; war of, xxiii, xl, 145, 158; see United States
Amiens, Peace of (1802), 156, 172
Amphibious operations, xxxviii, 118, 229, 253–4
Amsterdam Gazette, The, 84 n.
Angers, France, 391
Anne, queen, xxvi
Anson, Admiral George, baron, 120 n.; Barrow’s Life, 195–6, 356
Apothecaries, 98, 99 n.
Apprentices, 45, 62 n.; in dockyards, 97–8, 121, 264; to fishery, 54; merchant service, xv, xii, xlv–vi, 13, 43, 46 n., 49 sqq., 95, 98, 99 n., 155–6, 189–90, 238, 304, 337–8, 344–5; naval, 46 sqq., 62–3, 65–7, 261; numbers, xv, 152, 157–8, 326 n., 360; parish, 46 sqq., 65–8, 192, 360; and pressing, 152, 157; and R.N.R., 367; compulsory, xv, xlvi, 238, 310, 317, 324 n., 326–7, 360; French, 334
Aquatics, xxxiii
Armourers, 117, 264, 348, 351; mates, 348, 351
Army: see Soldiers
Army and Navy Gazette, The, xviii n.
Arnold-Forster, H. O. (M.P.), 234 n.
Artificers, xiv n., 218, 245, 259, 263, 319 n., 320–1 , 347 sqq.; see Armourers, Caulkers, Carpenters, Coopers, Joiners, Painters, Plumbers, Ropemakers, Sailmakers, Turners
Artillery Volunteers (1874–91), xvii
Arundel, Sussex, 100
Astley, Sir Edward (M.P.), xl n.
Attorney, powers of, 45, 50, 55, 59, 60 n., 81, 83 n., 90, 97 n., 115, 136
Attorney General, 61, 68
Auckland, George Eden, 1st earl, xxi n., 204, 235 n., 280 n., 372
Australia, railways, 328
Ayr, Scotland, 344
Azores, the, 280 n.
Badges, xxxiv, 44, 89, 216–17, 267 n., 268 n., 307–8; good conduct, 267–9; petty officers, 145, 267 n., 364; badge-money, 307, 309
Bailiffs, 24 sqq., 74, 77
Ballot, xvi n., xxxvi, xiii, 149–50, 183 n., 188, 279, 281, 283–4; see Militia
Baltic Sea, 78, 185, 228, 302 n., 373; Rooke (1700), xxxii; Wager (1726), 74–5; Saumarez (1808–9), 384; Napier (1854), 245, 246 n., 275, 279, 303, 372, 377; trade, 11 n., 153
Bamburgh, Northumberland, 102 n.
Bandsmen, 251, 270
Banff, Scotland, 102
Bantry Bay, action (1689), 391
Barbados, 34
Barbers, 29 n., 352
Barges, 11 n., 25; bargemen, xxxiii, 44, 83 n.
Barham, Charles Middleton, 1st baron, 151 n., 152 n., 153 n., 387
Baring, Sir Francis T. (later Lord Northbrook), xiv n., xv, 296, 320 n., 372, 373
Barks, 333, 336
Barmouth, Merioneth, 344
Barnardiston, Sir Samuel (M.P.), 378
Barnstaple, Devon, 100
Barracks, xxxv, xliv, 259, 321 n., 348; in lieu of hulks, 381
Barrington, W. W. (M.P.), 2nd viscount, xxxiv, 99 n.
Barrow, Sir John, Admiralty Secretary, xiv n., xix, 142 n., 145 n., 195–6, 201 n., 356–62, 372, 383, 388
Baston, Samuel, author, 378–9
Batavian Republic, privateering against (1803–4), 362
Båtmanshåll, in Sweden, 81 n.
Båtmansindelning, in Sweden, 81 n.
Beaufoy, Henry (M.P.), xl
Beaumaris, Anglesey, 101, 344
Bedding, 59, 62, 78, 108, 182, 192, 202, 210, 212, 215, 245, 341, 364, 368, 371
Belgrade, siege (1719), 385
Benefit clubs, xliii n.: see Friendly Societies
Berkeley, Admiral G. C., 17th baron, 372
Berkeley, Hon. Grantley F., 373
Berkeley, Admiral James, 3rd earl, 84 n.
Berkeley, Rt. Hon. Sir M. F. F. (1st Baron Fitzhardinge), admiral, xlvii, 195–203, 246 n., 372–3
Bermuda, xxi, 243, 380, 390
Berwick-on-Tweed, 102, 344, 375
Bills of sale, forged for ships, 27, 44
Black Sea, operations in (1854), 278–9, 303; shipbuilding, 383
Blake, Captain John, author, xxxvi–vii
Blakeney, Norfolk, 102
Blockade Service: see Coast Blockade
Blockships, 204, 206
Bluejackets, xiv, xiv, xlvii, 96, 202, 249, 294, 320
Board of Trade, xii, xlv–vi, 236, 237 n., 238–40, 306–7, 319 n.; and R.N.R., xii, xlvii n., 290–1, 299 n., 302, 305, 313, 325
Boatmen, xxxiii n., 178; see Fishermen
Boatswains, 14, 53, 81, 112, 117, 183, 191, 258, 308, 348; mates, 116–18, 251, 268, 349–50; yeoman, 351; as examiners, 248 n.; pay, 141, 155 n.
Bodmin, Cornwall, xviii n.
Bombay, presidency, 170 n.
Bonds, by shipmasters 22, 33
Bo’ness, West Lothian, 102
Boscawen, Admiral Hon. Edward, xxxv, 120 n., 387
Bosporus, 279 n., 381
Boston, Lincolnshire, 102
Boston, Massachusetts, 382
Boulogne, 178, 303
Bounties, royal, 18, 45, 64–6, 93, 148–9, 154, 155 n., 163, 165 n., 176, 183, 188 n., 192 n., 235, 274, 282, 284 n., 303–4; abuses, 137–9; Act of 1835, 358; cost, 137, 158 n., 304; marines, 167–9; Coast Volunteers and R.N.R., 277; to contractors, 137–8; from corporations, xxxvi–vii n., 154, 155 n.; from individuals, 154 sqq.; bounty pay (Cleeve), 96–7, 103; Marine Plan, 337
Bountymen, xiii: see Quota Acts
Bowles, General Sir George, 374
Bowles, Admiral Sir William, iv, xix, xxii, xxxvii, xlvii, 222, 274–84, 373–4; Heads of a Bill (1854), 281–4, 374
Boys, for navy, xv, xliv–vi, 19, 46 sqq., 120, 190 sqq., 198–9, 202, 218, 246–8, 259–63, 273, 293, 305, 311, 314, 321, 360, 381; advantages of, 47, 50, 190–1, 260; brigs’ boys, 260; discipline, 270; instruction, 47 sqq., 190, 315; Marine Plan, 337–8; numbers, 248 n., 250–2, 320–2 , 347, 349 sqq.; in Coastguard, 297; prize money, 163; as ratings, 46–7, 192, 199, 252, 261 n., 320; St. Domingo, 353; wages, 47, 53, 55, 59, 62–3, 67; France, 79 n., 336; see Apprentices, Guardians, Marine Society, Nautical Schools, Pay, Servants, Training ships
Brassey, Thomas, baron (1886) and 1st earl, author, xiv, xvii, xliv n., xlvi, 323 n., 324 n., 328 n.
Brassey, Thomas (elder), 328
Brest, xxix n., 42, 375, 391
Brett, Charles (M.P.), xii, 337 n.
Bridgenorth, Shropshire, 101
Bridlington, Yorkshire, 101
Bristol, England, xxxiii n., 38, 101, 191, 195, 232, 245, 247, 344
British Gazetteer, The, 388
British Guiana, 380
Brittany, 330, 333
Brixham, Devon, 100
Broadfoot, Alexander, case of (1743), 72 n., 356 n.
Brown, Captain J. H., iv, xiv, xvi, xvii n., xviii, xxii n., xxvii n., xxviii n., xxx n., xxxiii, xxxix, xliv, xiv n., xlvi n., xlvii, 238 n., 242 n., 261 n., 285 n.
Bruce, Rear-Admiral H. W., 377
Buckingham, J. S. (M.P.), xxii n.
Buenos Aires, iv, 233
Bullion, 5, 390
Bumboats, 270
Burchett, Josiah, Admiralty Secretary, xxiii, xxviii n., xxxi n., 19 n., 376
Burdett, Sir Francis (M.P.), xvii, 176
Burry, Carmarthen, inlet and port, 101
Burton, Captain J. Ryder, author, 196
Butler, Charles, author, xxiv n., xxix n., xxxi n., 128–9, 161n.
Byng, Admiral Sir George: see Torrington
Cadiz, blockade, 190, 375, 383
Caernarvon, Wales, 101
Cairnbulg, Aberdeenshire, 102
Caithness, Scotland, xxxvi n.
Calais, 178
Callao, Peru, 385
Campbeltown, Argyll, 344
Captain of the head, 351
Captains, commissioned, xxiv, xxvii, 20, 39, 47, 53, 55, 67, 96–7, 106–7, 117, 140 n., 208, 210, 225, 272, 289, 306, 348; duties defined, 112–13; clerk, 112, 120, 144 n., 348; servants, 66–7, 266; cook and steward, 265–6, 351; paperwork, 57–8, 105, 111–14; and punishment, 119–20, 185–7, 236 n., 262 n.; relations with crews, 120, 141 n., 142, 210–11, 219, 222–3; and messes, 265–6; and manning, 198 n., 210, 216, 247, 260–3, 273, 314, 350; press warrants, 152 n.; prize money, 146, 359, 391; half-pay, 21, 314; Venetian, 79; Dutch, 80–1
Captains of the afterguard, 142, 268, 349; of the forecastle, 142, 349; of the hold, 349, 351; of the mast, 349; of the mizenmast, 262; of the tops, 142, 199, 268, 349; of the waist, 142
Cardigan, Wales, 101
Cardwell, Edward (M.P.), 1st viscount, xiii, xlvi n., 366, 374
Carlisle, Cumberland, 101
Carmarthen, Hon. P. Osborne, 2nd marquess, xxx n., 42–5, 374–6, 378
Carpenters, 4, 15 n., 43, 53, 112, 117, 191, 218, 245, 258, 264, 348, 350; mates, 348; yeoman, 351; crew, 348; pay, 141, 155 n.; French, 330
Cartagena, Colombia, expedition (1741), 382
Catherine II, empress of Russia, 126 n.
Caulkers, 21, 22, 24–6, 29, 35, 37, 212, 264, 348, 352
Certificates, of conduct, 214–16, 238–40, 247, 255, 272, 358; discharge, 242 n.; Marine Plan, 338, 341–5; master’s and mate’s, 238–9 n.; R.N.R., 285–6; of registry (1696), xxxii; French, 332, 334; see Good conduct stripes
Chads, Admiral Sir H. D., xliv
Chadwick, Lieutenant-Commander F. E. (U.S.N.), xiv n.
Chandos, R. Chandos-Grenville, marquis of, later 3rd duke of Buckingham and Chandos, 366
Channel, English, xv, 184; squadron, 226 n., 278, 288–9, 294–5, 303–4, 363 n.
Chaplains, naval, 49, 70, 191, 348, 391–2; groats, 392
Charities, xxviii, 110, 120 n., 121, 193, 240, 386; see Marine Society
Charles II, king, 376
Charterparties, as protections, 27
Chatham, Chest, 28, 47
Chatham, Dockyard, 105, 139, 178, 191, 207, 232, 375–8, 391, 392
Chatham, Sir John Pitt, 2nd earl, 151
Chelsea Hospital, 144
Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, xviii n.
Chester, England, 101
Chetwynd, Lieutenant H. W., xliv n.
Chichester, Sussex, 100
Childers, Erskine, novelist, 234 n.
Childers, Hugh C. E. (M.P.), 275 n., 300, 305, 314 n., 377, 385
China, 389; 1st Opium War, 258, 380; naval station, 258; Canton, 317 n., 380
Christchurch, Hampshire, 100
Christ’s Hospital, 97
Churchwardens, xxxiii, 25 n., 111, 389; and parish apprentices, 46 sqq.; French, 331
Cinque Ports, 43, 300 n., 301–2: see Dover, etc.
Clarence, H.R.H. Prince William, duke of, 145 n., 236 n.: see William IV
Clarke, Dr. Richard, author, xxi, 119 n., 144 n.
Classes, Maritime, in France: see Inscription
Cleeve, Alexander, pewterer, 376
Cleeve, Bourchier, xxxv, 95–103, 376–7
Clergy, and parish apprentices, 46 sqq., 60–1, 67; power to prove seamen’s wills, 60; marriage of navy men, 64; certificates, 111; see Chaplains
Clerkenwell, 379, 388–9; taphouse, 98 n.
Cley, Norfolk, 102
Clothing, by Marine Society, 99; of seamen, see Slops
Coal, prices, 6, 7, 15 n., 157; chaldrons shipped, 14, 157; levies on, 14, 300; trade, 382; see Colliers
Coast Blockade, 201, 360–1
Coast defence: see Invasion
Coastguard Service, xxxviii n., xiv n., 240, 279, 282, 321 n.; transfer from Customs, 240 n., 256 n., 275, 373; Comptroller, 275, 361; Coast Blockade, 201, 360–1; as reserve, xxxvi, 254–6, 259, 295–9, 312, 318 n., 322, 361–2; size, 248–9, 251, 254 n., 256, 275, 296–9, 312, 361, 363–4; ashore, 255, 261, 275, 277–8, 297–9, 322, 361; ships, 277, 297–9; establishment, 277, 297; cost, 275, 277, 296–7, 364; and pensions, 263, 277, 297–8; and R.N.R., 287, 289–91, 293, 364 n., 368; Crimean War, 245, 255–6, 275, 303
Cobden, Richard (M.P.), xviii n., xxx, 276 n.
Cochrane, Hon. and Rev. James, xxii
Cochrane, Admiral Sir Thomas J., 222 n., 377
Coffee-houses, xxix, 45, 392
Coke, Sir Edward, “Lord”, xxix n., 129
Colbert, John-Baptiste, xxix n., 330 n.
Colchester, Essex, 101
Coleman, E. H., chief clerk to Registrar General of Seamen, 286 n., 289 n.
Coles, Captain C. P. C., author, xliii, xlvi n.
Colliers, xxxiv, 6–7, 43, 156, 262; manning of, 13–15, 156; pressing from, 4, 6, 151 sqq.; pressing for, 13–14; nursery, 157; wages, 4, 7, 13–14, 91, 153, 156–7, 339 n.; see Coal
Collingwood, Vice-Admiral Cuthbert, 1st baron, 190–1, 194
Colonies, 5, 177–8, 181, 314, 357, 386; indentured servants, 34; French, 334
Combinations, between seamen, xiii, 153 n., 164
Commanders (rank), 207, 225, 244, 258, 265, 270, 271 n., 273, 287 n., 306, 362; proposed abolition, 374
Commissaries of the Classes, in France, 79, 330 sqq.
Commons, House of, 195 n., 231 n., 275 n., 300, 311, 318, 372, 391; and Crosfeild, 378–9; and manning, xiv n., xvi–vii, xxii, xxxiv–vi, xxxix–xlii, 135 n., 140, 175, 177, 203 n., 244 n., 254 n., 337 n., 359; Select Committee on Admiralty (1861), 196 n., 246 n., 373–4; see Marine Plan, Parliament
Complements, of men-of-war, in peace, 197 sqq., 248 sqq., 361; in war, 347 sqq.; see Boys, Divisions, Marines, Standing Navy
Compton, Henry, bishop of London, 392
Conduct money, xxxvi, 18, 56, 66, 79, 284, 340–1; to R.N.C.V. and R.N.R., 277
Connolly, Captain M., xxi, xiii, 244–73, 377
Connolly, General W. H., R.M., 377
Conscription, xiii, xxix, xxx, xxxvii, 179, 232; see Impressment, Inscription Maritime
Constable, John, painter, xliii
Constables, 14, 24, 25 n., 35, 43, 342; and parish apprentices, 46 sqq.; levies, 63
Consuls, and merchant seamen, xxxiv n., xliv, 237 n., 240, 314; assistance to shipmasters, 33; Elliot in Texas, 380; French, 331, 334–5
Continuous Service, xv, xix n., xxxix, xliv, 205, 214 sqq., 244 n., 259–61, 266, 381; described, 320; Cleve, xxxv; Pennell, xv, 371; Elliot, 242; artificers, 264; early intake, xiii, 245 sqq., 259–60, 274, 295 n., 321; numbers in 1864, 320; in 1866 and 1871, 321 n.; extra pay, 266–7
Convoys, 59, 375; evasion of, 362; inadequacy, 5, 6, 40; of pressed men, 9; Smyrna, 8 n.
Cooks, 117, 183, 191, 348, 351; mates, 35, 351; see Mess, Shifters
Coopers, 117, 264, 348, 351–2; mate, 351; crew, 348
Copenhagen, 373
Corbett, Thomas, Admiralty Secretary, 17 n.
Cork, Ireland, 191, 206 n.
Cornbury, Edward Hyde, 3rd viscount, 378
Corry, Hon. H. T. L. (M.P.), 254 n., 303
Courts martial, xvi n., xxiv n., 119, 144, 342 n., 374
Corvettes, 197, 200
Cowes, Isle of Wight, 100, 230, 231 n.
Coxswain, of the launch, 349; captain’s, 349
Crew lists, in France, 333–4; Maydman, xxv n.; St. Lo, 22–3, 33–4; Marine Plan, xii, 338
Crime, 35, 62–3, 128, 138, 190, 389; arising from press, 43, 76–7; discharged seamen, 92; impersonating relatives, 111; juveniles, xliv, 59, 61, 99 n., 323–4; navy, 120, 246, 269–71, 323–4; navy families, 49, 107–8; see Pirates, Police
Crimean War, xv, xxxviii, xiii, 245, 246 n., 255–6, 274–5, 278–9, 295, 303, 319, 322, 381
Crimpage, 95 n., 156, 157
Crimps, xliii, 109, 137–9
Crisp, Captain M. F., author, xvii, xliii
Croker, J. W., Admiralty Secretary, iv, xvii n.
Cromarty, Ross and C., 344
Crosfeild, R., xxiv n., xxviii, xxxiv, 1–11, 377–80
Cruisers, xxxii, xxxiv, 17, 32, 40; American, 180
Cullen Harbour, Banff, 102
Cumberland fleet, 387
Custom-houses, 1, 34 n., 44, 147–9, 153, 154; sloops, 66; Registrar General of Seamen, 359; of Customs, 360 n.
Customs, Board of, 290, 388; duties, 8, 17, 71; officers, xlvi, 9–10, 17, 240 n., 361; collectors, 10, 11 n., 14, 19, 11 n.., 314–15, 387; surveyors, 9–10; port registrars, 359; and R.N.R., 285 n., 290, 367 n.; see Coastguard, Revenue
Cyprus, as naval station, 385
Danby, Thomas Osborne, 1st earl, 4, 374–6
Dance, Commodore Nathaniel, 317
Dartmouth, Devon, 100
Dartmouth, George Legge, 1st baron, 391
Deal, Kent, 100
Debts, of seamen, 43, 60–3, 78, 90, 98; France, 333
Deer-stealers, 35
Defence, Royal Commission (1860), 374
Defoe, D., iv, xvii, xxiv n., xxvi, xxviii, xxxii, xiii, 26 n.
Delinquents, juvenile: see Crime
Demobilization: see Unemployment
Demonstration ships, xxxviii, 208
Denman, Admiral Hon. Joseph, xxxvii, xxxix, xiv n., 150 n., 242 n., 380
Denmark, 75 n.; Danes on St. Domingo, 352; Elizabeth, 355 n.
Dennis, John, author, xxxi–ii, xxxiii, 29 n.
Deptford, Dockyard, 376; see Trinity House
Deputy Lieutenants, of counties, 282–3, 381
Dering, Ann, 379
Deserters, from navy, xxvii n., 29, 32, 33, 43, 66 n., 78, 98, 105, 109, 114, 115, 120, 125, 137, 139, 142 n., 153, 156, 224, 235, 241, 262, 263, 304, 342 n., 345 n.; France, 333, 335
Devonport, Dockyard, xviii, 260 n.
Dieppe, 178
Disablement, of seamen, xxxii, 5, 9, 11 n., 45, 78, 144, 146, 150 n., 157, 165, 183, 238, 348 n.; Marine Plan, xl, 339–40; Dutch, 81; see Greenwich, Pensions
Discipline, naval, xvii, xix, xxix n., xliii, xlvi, 78, 114, 119–20, 125, 141–2, 185–7, 198, 206, 209–10, 217 sqq., 245–6, 385, 387–8; a definition, 314; divisions, 114, 116–19; defaulters’ books, 270; Act of 1866, 236 n., 310; Sweden, 82; see Certificates, Courts martial, Deserters, Martial law, Mutinies, Police, Punishment
Disfranchisement, as penalty, 44; for naval duties, 99
Divisions, of navy, 106, 110; of ship’s company, 114, 116–19; battalions, 381
Dockers, displace crews, 197, 213–14, 360
Dockyards, xxxiv–v, xxxvi n., 4 n., 204 sqq., 223, 263–4, 273; Commissioners, 32, 59, 105–7, 112, 391; Master of Attendance, 59; Clerks of the Cheque, 106, 111 n.; Admiral Superintendent, 206, 264; refits, 17, 25, 32, 109, 192, 205, 208–12, 220, 377, 391; labour, 25, 29, 32, 37, 105–6, 109, 204 sqq., 310, 391; pressing for, 25, 37; employment of reservists, xxxiv–v, 87, 105, 234 n., 263; tied houses, 105–11; chips, 110
Doctors’ Commons, 17
Dogger Bank, action (1781), 387
Dolben, Sir William (M.P.), xl
Dormant commissions, 376
Douglass, Commander James, 120 n.
Dover, Kent, 100, 178, 197, 301, 344; straits, 378
Downs, the, 17, 157, 245, 361, 382, 387
Dryden, John, poet, 104 n.
Dublin, 132 n., 191; Ballast Board, 240 n.
Dumfries, Scotland, 102, 344
Dunbar, East Lothian, 102
Dundas, Vice-Admiral J. E. D., 279 n.
Dundas, Vice-Admiral Sir R. Saunders, xxxvii, 284 n., 381
Dundee, Angus, 102, 344
Dunkirk, xxix n., 179, 330 n.
Eardley-Wilmot, Commander A. P., author, iv, xx, xiii, 259 n.
East Indies, voyages, xl n., 47, 90, 96, 136, 156, 166 n., 153, 156, 166, 317, 375, 383; Ostend Company, 73; naval station, 380; Marine Plan, 339; see China, India
Eboranos: see Robe
Écrivain du Roy, 113
Eddystone lighthouse, 391
Edinburgh, xxxvi n., 387–8
Edinburgh Review, The, xviii n., xxiii, xiii n.
Education, Act of 1870 316 n.; bills for, 316; National League and Union, 316; see Gunnery, Nautical Schools, Schoolmasters, Seamanship, Training ships
Edward the Confessor, king, 300
Edwards, Rear-Admiral Richard, 137 n.
Egmont, Sir John Perceval, 2nd earl (M.P.), xxxv, 386
Elections, ministerial influence, xxxv, 99 n.; see Disfranchisement
Elliot, Admiral Sir Charles, xxi, xxxvii–viii, 235–43, 380
Elliot, Admiral Sir George, 380
Elphinstone, Sir James D. H. (M.P.), 366
Elton, Richard, author, xxvi n.
Embargoes, on outward shipping, xiii, 4, 7–9, 10, 42, 74; in Holland, 80; see Shipping delays
Emergency money, 311–12
Employment, 6, 23 n., 216, 241, 310; of reservists, xxxiv–v, 87–8, 94, 105 sqq., 116, 148, 234 n., 341; navy wives, 45, 63, 106, 110; fugitives from press, 152; keelmen, 155 n.; officers, 202; after pay-off, 216–19, 263; see Crimps, Dockyards, Unemployment
Engineers, naval, 240
Enlistment, voluntary, xvi, xxx–i, xxxv–vii, xl, xiii n., 50, 62–3, 77–8, 83 n., 86, 89, 93, 116, 128, 147–9, 154, 158, 165–6, 169, 182, 190, 194, 238, 246, 282, 357–8; re-enlistment, 214 sqq., 328; R.N.R., 368; Holland, 80–1; Sweden, 82; see Reserves, Volunteers
Enlistment Act (1835), xiii, xx, xxiii, 188 n., 192 n., 223 n., 247 n., 358, 365; (1853), xiii, 292, 365, 372: see Graham, Limited Service, Seamen Pensioner Reserve
Erskine, Admiral J. E., xiii, 312 n., 315
Everett, George, shipbuilder and author, xxiv, xxxiii, xiii n., 23 n., 25 n., 30 n., 31 n., 377, 378
Exchequer, Bills (Notes), 45; Auditorship, 376
Excise, collectors, 111 n., 379
Exercises, naval, 211, 220–2, 280–1, 316, 361, 373; manoeuvres, xlvii n., 198, 280; gun-drill, 202, 207, 248, 257–8, 308; sword, 202, 288; small arms, 288
Exeter, Devon, 100, 380
Eyemouth, Berwick, 102
Falkland Islands, crisis of 1770–1, xxiii, xxxv
Falmouth, Cornwall, 100, 260 n., 344
Families of navy men, xxvii, xxxii, xxxvii, 16, 26 n., 29, 31, 45, 59–65, 73, 75, 78, 87, 93, 97, 105–11, 114–15, 136, 150 n., 158, 341; allotment of wages, xxxii, 45, 59–60, 63, 91, 106, 110–11, 115–16, 155, 182–3, 284; pensions, 142 n., 143, 341 n.; bounties, 155; prize money, 164; married quarters, xxxv, 105 sqq.; Dutch, 81; Swedish, 81–2; see Attorney, Nautical Schools, Privileges, Widows
Fareham, Hampshire, xviii n., 387
Fellowship of British Seamen: see Marine Plan
Ferguson, Sir Adam (M.P.), xl
Ferry boats, 25, 331
Fielding, Sir John, magistrate, 109
Fisher, Admiral Sir John (later Lord), iii, xvi, xlvii
Fisheries, xxv, xxxvi n., 54, 93, 102 n., 179, 193, 226 n., 236, 238, 386
Fishermen, xxxiii, xxxvi n., 44, 54, 83 n., 150, 154, 155 n., 178, 260–2, 291, 293, 352; and R.N.R., 289 n., 308 n., 369 n., 371; Company, 44 n.; French, 178–9, 232–3, 293, 366
Fishing boats, 11 n., 25, 54, 66, 75, 262; see Oyster-cocks, Smacks, Trawl-boats
Fitzhardinge, Hon. Craven (M.P.), 195 n.
Fitzhardinge, Hon. M. F. (M.P.), 195 n.
Flag officers, 55, 196, 199, 358; dockyards, 206, 264; prize money, 146–7, 359; pamphlet offenders, xix
Flagships, xliv, 199, 212, 226 n., 248, 320 n.
Fleming, T. J. Willis, xvii, xxxviii, 227–34, 380–1
Florida, 386
Foot’s Cray, Kent, 377
Forecastlemen, 251, 350
Foremastmen, xxx n., 96; captains, 142, 349
Foretopmen, 251, 350
Forrest, Captain Thomas, 225 n.
Fortescue, Sir John, author, xxix n.
Fosdyke, Lines, 102
Foster, Sir Michael, Recorder of Bristol, later judge, 72 n., 356
Fowey, Cornwall, 100
France, 3, 27, 37, 87, 131, 165, 178–9, 261, 276, 280 n., 352, 378, 385; navy, xv, xxix, xxx, xxxv, xiii n., 37–8, 41, 79, 145, 161, 166, 173, 178–9, 180–1, 195 n., 228, 230, 232, 259 n., 289, 294–5, 300; fishermen, 178–9, 232–3, 293, 336; trade, 116, 179, 233, 384; as ally, xxxviii, 233; disputes with, xxiv, 37, 41, 90, 161, 173, 177 n., 228 n., 229, 233–4, 293; privateering against (1803–4), 362; taxes, 331, 333; Farmers, 331; colonies, 334; see Inscription, Privateers
Frankland, Admiral Sir Thomas (M.P.), 373
Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire, 102
Frederick II, king of Prussia, 126 n., 386
Freeholder, A, Essay (1791) xxii, 140 n.
Freeholder’s Journal, The, 388
French Revolution, wars of, 145, 150, 161 n., 162, 172, 180, 184–5, 189, 228, 278, 372–3, 383–4, 387
Friendly Societies, xxviii, 368, 370
Frigates, 118, 123, 144, 165, 180, 197–8, 200, 202, 244, 250, 257–8, 260, 271, 362, 373; razées, 197 n.
Funds, the: see National Debt
Fürstenbund (1785), 126–7
Gage, Thomas, 1st viscount (M.P.), xxxv n.
Galleys, 302
Gambier, Admiral Sir James, 1st baron, 373
Game laws, 35
Gander, Joseph, author, xxv n.
Gardner, Captain G. H., xiii, xxvi, xliii n., xlvii
Gaselee, Robert, 391
Gazette, The London, 7
General register, proposed for seamen, xxix–xxx, xxxiii, xxxv n., xl, xiii n., 21 sqq., 337 sqq.; see Registration Act (1835)
Gentleman’s Magazine, The, xxiii n., 389
George I, king, 85–6, 94
George II, king, 386; accession speech, xxiv, 82 n.
George III, king, 126 n.; petition to (1770), xxiii; see Hanover
Georgia, and Oglethorpe, 386
Germans, on St. Domingo, 352–3; see Hanover, Prussia
Gibraltar, 250
Gibson, Richard, 378
Gilmore, Commander A. H., xlvii, 300–17, 381; Naval Reserve, 306 sqq.
Glasgow, 102, 344
Gloucester, England, xxxiii n., 372
Good conduct stripes, 259, 267–9, 306, 308; see Certificates
Goodwin Sands, 382
Goschen, G. J. (M.P.), 1st viscount, 318–9, 321 n., 327 n.
Gosport, Hampshire, xviii n., 230, 388
Gourly, Captain John, author, iv, xviii n., xix n., xx, xxiii, xxxvi n., xiii, 188 n.
Graham, Sir James (M.P.), xiv n., xix n., xxii n., 146 n., 175 n., 229 n., 232 n., 247 n., 294, 358–9, 372, 374, 384
Gratuities, for long service, 242
Graves, S. R. (M.P.), xv, 318, 319 n., 324 n., 327 n.
Graves, Lieutenant Thomas, surveyor, 377
Gravesend, Kent, xxxiv, 24, 100
Gray, T., Board of Trade, 305 n., 371 n.
Green, John, author of Marine Plan, xxxix
Green, Richard, shipowner, 366
Greenwich, Royal Hospital, xxv n., xxviii, xxxii, 44, 45, 62, 78, 94, 143, 150, 165, 183, 190 n., 242; seamen’s sixpences, 47 n., 68, 106, 110, 345; out-pensioners, 143–4, 145 n., 165 n., 197, 387; schools, xliv n., 98, 183; R.N.R., xlvi, 287
Grey, Charles (M.P.), later 2nd earl, xii, 384
Grey, Sir Edward (later viscount): see Manning Enquiries
Grey, Admiral Hon. Sir F. W., xv, xlvi, 318–29, 246 n., 381
Griffith, Robert, author, xxvi n.
Griffiths, Captain A. J., author, iv, xv, xviii n., xix n., xx, xxxviii n., xl n., xliii, 139 n., 165 n., 167 n.
Grimsby, Lincolnshire, 101
Groats, chaplain’s, 392
Grog, xliii, 270
Gromets, 13, 46, 52–3, 54
Gruineard, Ross and Cromarty, 344
Guardians, of navy boys, 48 sqq., 53, 55, 57, 59, 68; Poor Law, 323 n.; France, 333
Guard-ships, xxxvi n., 72 n., 73, 74 n., 83 n., 97, 103, 106, 109, 136, 152 n., 155–6, 206, 226 n., 246, 255, 256 n., 261, 273, 303, 361, 363 n., 392
Guernsey, Channel Isles, 66, 102, 383
Gunboats, 281, 373
Gunners, 43, 81, 112, 117, 183, 191, 258, 348, 350; lieutenant, 248 n.; yeoman, 351; mates, 252, 349; quarter-gunners, 142; crew, 247, 250, 252, 269, 349; 1st class, 306, 308; seamen-gunners, 297, 303, 306, 308, 310, 358; pay, 141, 155 n., 364; French, 330
Gunnery, naval, xv, xxxviii, 202, 229, 231, 247–8, 250, 294, 319; gear, 209–10; gunboats, 281, 373; gun-wharfs, 264; instruction in, xxxiii, xliv n., 47–8, 50, 65, 191–2, 202, 207, 226 n., 231, 239, 248, 250, 257, 283, 295–6, 306, 308, 310, 373, 390; marines, 171; revolving guns, 390; R.N.R., xlvi, 277, 287–91; see Ships named, Excellent
Gun-room: see Mess, Midshipmen
Haddington, Thomas Hamilton, 9th earl, 373
Haisborough Gat, 382
Half-Pay schemes, xxxiv–v; Half-Pay Office, 116, 122; see Retainers
Halifax, Charles Montagu, 1st earl, 376
Haly, Lieutenant Richard Standish, author, xviii n., xix n., xx
Hamoaze, 303, 356
Hamond, Admiral Sir Graham E., xxi, xliii
Hanley, Charles, author, xviii n.
Hanover, Elector of, 126; Hanoverians on St. Domingo, 352–3
Hanway, Jonas, iv, xvii, xxxv, xlvi n., 109 n.
Hardwicke, Admiral C. P. Yorke, 4th earl, xiii, 366: see Manning Enquiries
Hardy, Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas M., 196 n.
Harpooners, 150 n.
Hartlepool, Durham, 102
Harwich, Essex, 101, 344
Haskey, Mr., apothecary, 99 n.
Hastings, Sussex, 100, 301
Hastings, Admiral Sir Thomas, 274 n., 374, 390
Havana, action (1748), 382; capture (1782), 387
Havre, Le, 179
Hawke, Admiral Edward, 1st baron, 383
Heacham, Norfolk, 101
Headboroughs, 24 sqq., 43
Health, of navy men, 47–8, 50, 54, 78, 105, 112, 114, 118, 170, 182, 202, 224, 257, 263, 341; of pressed men, xx n., 10, 12, 36, 47, 73–4, 90; home nursing, 105, 108–9; sick berth attendants, 266; France, xxix n., 334; see Disablement, Greenwich, Hospitals
Highways, rates for, 63
Hodges, Sir William xxiv n., xxviii, 378
Hodgskin, Thomas, iv, xiii, xvii, xxi, xxiii, 141 n.
Holders, 251; captain, 349, 351
Holland, 41, 73, 131, 177, 228, 376; navy, xxxvi, 80, 172; Dutch on St. Domingo, 352–3; fishery, 93; see Batavian Republic
Holland, Patrick, xvii, 151–9, 381–2
Hollond, John, Discourses, xxvi n.
Holy Island (Lindisfarne), Northumberland, 102
Hong Kong, 380
Hopkins, Richard (M.P.), xl
Horsley, William, author, xxxi n., xxxvi n.
Hosier, Vice-Admiral Francis, 73 n., 86 n.
Hospitals, 10, 11 n., 90, 98, 108, 120–1, 173 n., 257; substitute home nursing, 107; merchant seamen, 150 n., 240; see Chelsea, Greenwich, Health, Nautical Schools
House-keepers, 43, 63: see Ale- and Coffeehouses, Innkeepers, Landladies
Houses, proposed for reservists, 105–11
Houston, Sam, president of Texan Republic, 380
Howe, Admiral Richard, earl, 151, 171 n., 359, 387
Hoys, for pressing, 18; others, 52, 67, 69
Hulks, xiv, 208, 212, 381
Hull, Yorkshire, 101, 232, 344
Hume, Joseph (M.P.), xvii
Hythe, Kent, 100, 301
Idlers, 118, 218, 248–9, 251, 350–1: see Armourers, Barbers, Captain of the Head, Caulkers, Cooks, Coopers, Holders, Jack of the Dust, Landsmen, Master at Arms, Mess, Painters, Plumbers, Poulterer, Ropemakers, Sailmakers, Servants, Ship’s corporals, Sick berth, Stewards, Sweepers, Waisters, Yeomen
Impress Service, xxviii, xxxvii n., 124, 151 n.; a vested interest, 124, 135, 139; size, 152 n.; inspection (1782), 137; compositions with, 138–9, 155 n., 158; see Guard-ships, Pressgangs, Substitutes
Impressment, iii, xiii, xv–vi, xvii n., xix–xx, xxii–iv, xxviii, xxx–i, xxxiv, xxxvii–xl, 39, 69, 71 sqq., 90–1, 95, 114, 125 sqq., 147–8, 149 n., 150, 157–9, 190, 193, 200, 229, 233, 235, 241, 279, 282 n., 356, 359, 365–6, 382; cost, 9, 17–20, 25–6, 28, 38–9, 41, 50, 66, 75, 83 n., 91, 95, 115, 137, 148, 163; diplomatic weapon, 92, 173 sqq.; for dockyards, 25, 37; and emigration, 73, 75–6; of freeholders, 72, 130; legality, xxiii, xxix n., 72, 76–7, 95, 114, 126, 128, 130, 133–5, 356–7, 365; and magistrates, xxviii, 26, 45, 129–30; as penalty, 29–30, 44, 66, 68–9; plea of necessity, 77, 125–8, 158, 160–2, 175 sqq., 357; as sanction, xl; of ships, xxxvi n., 128, 175 sqq., 302; see Liberty, Press, Trade
Imprest-money, 18, 20, 22, 72
India, 133, 170; India House, 136; Mutiny, 258; naval station, 115, 258; troop ships, 321 n.; navy, 323 n.; see East Indies
Industrial Schools, 323 n., 326 n.
Inequality, 126–7, 129
Informers, use of, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33–5, 44
Innkeepers, xxxii n., 28–9, 32; seamen disguised as, 29, 43
Inscription Maritime, xxix–x, xiii n., 27, 38, 79, 178, 232–3, 330–6; see Ordonnance (1689)
Insurance, maritime, 17, 159, 189 n.
Invasion, fear of, xv, xxxviii, 8, 49, 71, 84, 85, 161, 176, 200, 204, 205–6, 227 sqq., 249, 288–9, 294, 316, 373–4
Inverness, Scotland, 102
Ipswich, Suffolk, 101, 110
Ionian Islands, 361
Ireland, 87, 233, 279, 281 n.; and navy, 131, 144, 147, 154 n., 191, 260 n., 352–3; effects of emancipation on manning, 131–4; Commercial Resolutions (1785), 132, 384; trading ambitions, 133; estates, 379
Jack of the Dust, 351
Jacobites, 375, 385–6, 388
Jails, for seamen, 241: jailbirds, xiii, 185
Jamaica, 34, 73 n., 250, 380, 382–3: pressing, 136
James II, king, xxvii, xxix
Jennings, Admiral Sir John, 86 n.
Jersey, Channel Isles, 66, 102: training establishment, 260 n.
John, king, 302
Johnstone, “Governor” George (M.P.), xx n., xl n.
Johnstone, Sir James (M.P.), xxxi, xl
Joiners, 264, 352
Joinville, prince de, 228 n., 230
Joseph II, emperor, 126 n.
Junius, xxiii, 356–7
Justice, Alexander, author, xxv, xxxi n.
Justices of the Peace: see Magistrates
Karlskrona, Swedish base, 81 n.
Keels, 15 n., 25; keelmen, Tyne, xxxvii n., 151 n., 155 n.: Wear, 155 n.
Keith, Admiral G. K. Elphinstone, viscount, xl, 387
Kempenfelt, Rear-Admiral Richard, 116 n.
Kent: see Coast Blockade
Ketches, for pressing, 2, 7–8, 9–10, 18, 20
Key, Admiral Sir A. Cooper, xlvii, 302 n.
King’s Household, clerks of the market, 388–9
King’s Lynn, Norfolk, 38, 100, 344
King’s Men: see Robe
Knowles, Admiral Sir Charles, 104–13, 382–3
Kronstadt, Russian base, 278
Lady of the Gunroom, 351 n.
Lagos, battle (1759), 387
Land Tax, 45, 85, 111 n., 377, 390; assessors, xxxiii
Landen, battle (1693), 2
Landladies, 60
Land(s)men, 12–14, 23 n., 74, 83 n., 103, 129, 153 n., 154 n., 178, 190–1, 194, J96 n., 232, 246 n., 247–8, 260, 287, 304 n., 357–8, 362, 372; defined, 201 n.; pressing of, 13, 28, 47; as police, 362: as proportion of complements, 347 sqq.; see Idlers, Waisters
Launceston, Cornwall, 373
Lawcourts, and impress, 72, 77, 126, 130 n., 139, 356–7: see Impressment
Leading Seamen, as rating, 268
Leake, Admiral Sir John, 376
Leckie, John, 378
Leeward Islands, 390
Leghorn, 125 n.
Leith, Midlothian, 102, 191, 232, 344; smacks, 197
Letters of administration, 59–60: see Attorney
Letters of marque (1803–6), 362
Levellers, xxvii
Lewes, Sussex, 100
Liberty, British, xxiii, xxv, 37, 74, 85, 89; subverted by pressing, xiii, xxiii, xxvii, xxix, 71–6, 95, 114, 124 sqq., l 60–1, 175–7: by registration, xxix–xxx, 37, 359; see Magna Carta
Lieutenants, naval, xxxv n., 53, 66, 75, 77, 117–18, 120, 140 n., 207, 212, 239–40, 244, 245–7, 258, 265, 270, 271 n., 273, 306, 348, 359 n., 362, 392: prize money, 146; gunnery, 248 n.; and R.N.R., 287, 291
Lighters, 11 n., 15 n., 25, 75: lightermen, 44, 63, 355 n.: see Coal, Keels
Lighthouses: Eddystone, 391; Northern, 240; see Pilotage
Lihou, Captain J., 189–94, 383
Limited service, in navy, xiii, xxiii, xxxi, xxxvi–vii, xl, 16, 77–8, 223–4; Marine Plan, 341: militia, 282, 284; Hardwicke, 364; R.N.R., 325, 369: see Burchett, Enlistment Acts, Rotation, St. Lo, Tomlinson
Lindsay, William Schaw (M.P.), historian and shipowner, xxxviii n., xlvi n., 248 n., 366 n.
Linois, Contre-Amiral Durand de, 317
Liverpool, xv, 23, 101, 191, 213, 232, 245, 247, 344; shipowners’ committee (1869), 326, 328–9
London, 6, 14, 15 n., 17, 23, 31, 50, 59, 65, 67, 96, 97 n., 100, 103 n., 126 n., 157, 191, 213, 247, 303, 342, 344, 360, 375–9, 382, 387, 392: pressing in, xxii n., 4, 10, 35, 75–6, 117, 130, 137–8, 151–2, 157; Corporation, 300, 377; Custom-House, 359; London Tavern, 384; Mint, 43: Old Bailey, 92, 130 n.; Poultry counter, 379; Royal Exchange, 87; St. Paul’s, 14 n.; the Savoy, 43; Tower, 245, 247, 374–5; Woodstreet counter, 130 n.; see Navy Board, Thames
London Journal, The, 388
London Magazine, The, 389
Looe, Cornwall, 100
Lord High Admiral, 50, 52, 55, 59, 67, 84 n., 282–4, 391; Sweden 82
Lords, House of, and manning, xxiv, xxvi, 26 n.; Berkeley marriage, 372; Carmarthen, 375: Crosfeild, 378; see Parliament
Lords Lieutenant, of counties, 283
Lots, drawing of, xxxvi, 149· 50; see Ballot
Louis Bonaparte, king of Holland, 172 n.
Louis Phillipe, king of the French, 233
Louisbourg, captured (1758), 387
Lumpers, 346 n.
Luttrell, Hon. Temple S. (M.P.), xxxi n., 135 n.
Lyme Regis, Dorset, 22, 100, 381
Lymington, Hampshire, 100
Lyons, Admiral Sir Edmund, 1st baron, 279 n.
Macbride, Captain John (M.P.), xii, 384
Macclesfield, Thomas Parker, 1st earl, 77 n.
Mackenzie, Lieutenant John, xxi, 124–40, 383–4
Mackworth, Sir Henry (M.P.), xxxi, xxxix, xl, xii, xiii, 337 n., 384
McNeill, Sir John, xix n.
Madagascar, 233
Magistrates, xxxii n., xxxiii, xii, 14, 24 sqq., 43, 96, 98, 150 n., 154 n., 155 n.; in London, 130, 389; to assist pressmasters, 129–30; connive at evasion, xxviii, 26, 45; naval officers to be commissioned, 21; and naval militia, 282; see Middlesex, Vice-Admirals
Magna Carta, xxxv, 72, 129, 130, 139
Maidstone, Kent, 100
Maintopmen, 251, 350
Malacca Straits, 317 n.
Malcolm, Captain Charles, xvii n.
Maldon, Essex, 101
Malta, 208, 220, 228, 250, 361, 390; Maltese on St. Domingo, 352
Manchester, Lancashire, xxxix n., 237 n.
Manning Bills: see Register Act (1696), General register (1706), 1720, 1740); Vernon (1744); Luttrell (1777): Mackworth (1780–2); Johnstone (Sir James, 1785): Pulteney (1786): Quota Acts (1795), Registration Act (1835); Enlistment Acts (1835, 1853): Royal Naval Coast Volunteers (1852); R.N.R. (1859)
Manning Enquiries: Parker Committee (1852), xiv, xxi, xxxix n., xliv, 183 n., 260 n., 320 n., 374, 380; Hardwicke Commission (1858–9), xiii, xxi, xxvii n., xxviii, xxxviii–ix, xliv–vi, 150 n., 242 n., 244, 248 n., 256 n., 260 n., 278 n.; 293 n., 298 n., 321 n., 323 n., 326 n.., 363–6, 373–4, 381; Tryon Committee (1892), 304 n., 307 n., 308 n., 315 n., 370 n.; Niblett Recruiting Committee (1898), xiv n.; Naval Reserves Committee (Grey, 1902), iii, xiv, 315 n., 329
Manning requirements, xxvii–viii, xxxiv, 5, 7, 12, 83 n., 137, 163, 166, 171–2, 180, 226 n., 305, 319, 322; deficiencies, xxiii n., xxvii–viii, 17, 19, 26, 40–2, 74, 188, 194, 197–202, 245, 250, 274, 279, 304, 320–2; of gunners, 294; delays caused by, 17, 190, 210: information of men available, xxix, 21, 25, 148: peace establishment, xv, xxvii n., 193, 195 sqq., 218–19, 294–6, 303, 305, 319–20, 363–4: skeleton crews, 209, 218, 263, 294–5; topping-up, 199, 215, 218, 223–5, 257–8, 262–3: see Able Seamen, Boys, Complements, Impressment, Marines, Mobilization, Volunteers
Manningtree, Essex, 101
Margate, Kent, 100
Marine Boards, xii–ii, xlvi, 238–9 n., 240 n.; Pulteney, 342 n., 344 n.; Marine Plan, xii, 344–5
Marine Offices, xxxii: St. Lo, 21–4, 26–35: Cleeve, 96 sqq, (listed, 100–2): Marine Plan, 337 sqq. (listed, 344): see Marine Boards, Shipping Offices
Marine Plan (1780), xxii n., xxxi, xxxix–xlii, 147 n., 148 n., 337–46; fund, 345–6; cost, 346 n.: see Green (John), Johnstone (Sir James), Mackworth, Pulteney
Marine Society, xliv, xlvi, 109, 121, 193, 323 n., 326 n.; instructions (1757), 98–9 n.
Marines, xxii n., xxvii n., xxx, xxxiii, xxxix, 115, 117, 146, 163, 180, 192, 196 n., 210, 212, 218, 229, 246, 248 sqq., 259, 263, 273, 277 n., 303, 310, 347 sqq., 387; origin of Corps, 168, 375; substitute for Impress, 167 sqq.; numbers, 167–72, 248 n., 249–51, 321–2, 347–9, 363, 366; on St. Domingo, 353; limit on growth, xxxix, 322; commandants, 264; commissariat, 249; officers, 253; sergeants, 117–18, 167: drummers, 117–18, 167; weapons, 249; gunnery, 171, 248, 250, 310: uniform, 219; benefits, 183: pensioners, 269, 363–4; cost, 249, 254; French, 336; see Police
Market-boats, xxxiii n.
Marlborough, John Churchill, 1st duke, 376, 378
Marriages, of seamen, xxxvii, 43, 64–5, 106, 110, 158, 217; French, 335; see Families
Marryat, Captain Frederick, xviii n., xx, 347–55
Martial Law, 141, 206–7, 284, 361–2; Naval Discipline Act (1866), 310; courts martial, xxiv n., 119, 144, 342 n.; see Discipline, Punishments
Martin, James (M.P.), xl
Martin, Admiral Sir Thomas Byam, xiii n., xv–vi, xix, xxii, xxxiii n., 173–88, 384
Martin, Admiral Sir W. Fanshawe, xix, 285–99, 366, 384–5
Massie, J., author, 377
Master at arms, 191, 245, 247, 269–73, 348, 351
Masters, naval, 20, 47, 53, 57, 58, 66, 120, 146, 212, 258, 348, 385: mates, 4, 14, 15 n., 20, 30 n., 39, 43, 50, 55, 81, 119, 144 n., 146, 239, 258, 348; 2nd masters, 258, 348: pay, 141
Masters in Chancery, 77
Mates, naval: boatswain’s, 116–18, 251, 268, 349–50: carpenter’s, 348: gunner’s, 252, 349: master’s, 4, 14, 15 n., 20, 30 n., 39, 43, 50, 55, 81, 119, 144 n., 146, 239, 258, 348; surgeon’s, 144 n.
Matthews, John, 388
Maydman, Henry, author, xxv n.
Mayo, J. J., enquiry into R.N.R., xxxviii n., xlvi, 288 n., 289 n., 292 n.
Mayors, 24 sqq., 130: see Magistrates
Mediterranean Sea, 8, 11 n., 75, 185, 228, 232, 306: naval station, 115, 208, 229, 274–5, 278, 294–5, 303, 361, 384–5
Medway, river, 139, 356: towns, 100
Melville, Henry Dundas, 1st viscount, 142 n., 151, 153, 154–5, 387
Melville, R. S. Dundas, 2nd viscount, xvii n., xviii n., xx n., 222 n., 275 n., 373
Mends, Admiral Sir William R., 327
Men-in-lieu, 157 n.
Mercantile marine, and navy, xv, xxxix, xiii–vii, 237, 319, 329, 366: condition in 1846, 236–7: in 1870, 326, 328–9; foreign seamen in, xv, xliv n., xiv, 154 n., 304, 317, 345; pension fund, xiv n., 150 n., 242, 366 n., 372: regulation of, xii, 237 n., 238–9 n., 240 n., 366: steam companies, 239–40; Superintendents, 369, 371; training for, xlv–vi, 318 sqq.: see Apprentices, Navigation Acts, Nursery, Seamen, Shipmasters, Shipowners, Trade
Mercantile Marine Act (1850), xii, 237 n., 238–9 n., 240 n.
Mercantile Marine Magazine, The, xviii n.
Merchant Seaman’s Fund, xiv n., 150 n., 242, 366 n., 372
Merchant Seamen’s Office, 99 n.
Merchant Shipping Act (1854), 240 n., 285 n., 366 n.
Merchants’ service: see Mercantile marine, Shipmasters, Shipowners
Mess, for crews, 245, 257, 270: ward-room, 258, 265–6; gun-room, 265–6, 351, 392: marines, 265; monkey pump, 270; traps, 368, 371; utensils, 364
Mexico, 380, 386: war (1846–8), 241 n.
Middlesex, justices and Robe, 388–9: Hanwell Park, 390
Midshipmen, 39, 47 n., 55, 75, 116–17, 119–20, 144 n., 347–8: servant, 351: Jack of the Dust, 351: see Mess (gun-room)
Milbanke, Vice-Admiral Mark, 137 n.
Milford Haven, Pembroke, 101, 375
Militia, regular, xv, xxii n., xxxvi–viii, 63, 135–6, 169–70, 176, 228, 232, 234, 274–5, 280, 288, 295, 357, 365; naval, xv, xxii n., xxxi, xxxvi–ix, xliii n., 149–50, 227 sqq., 235 n., 241, 274 n., 277, 279–84, 357, 374, 380: false analogy, xxxvii–viii, 135–7, 176: Heads of a Bill (1854), 281–4, 374: and marines, 169–71; see Ballot
Ministers: see Chaplains, Clergy
Mint, the, 43
Minto, Gilbert Elliot, 2nd earl, 372
Mizentopmen, 252, 350
Mobilization, rapidity of, xv–xvi, xxxviii, 173–80, 278, 361; French, xxx
Molloy, Charles, author, xx, x n.
Moncrieff, John, author, xxxv
Money-lenders, 97 n., 107; see Ticket-buyers
Montagu, Lieutenant E. P., 390
Montrose, Angus, 102
Moore, Thomas, seaman and author, xiv n.
Mordaunt, General Sir John, 383
Morning Chronicle, The, xviii
Morning Post, The, 374
Mulgrave, C. J. Phipps, 2nd baron (M.P.), xxxi n., 135 n.
Mulgrave, Sir H. Phipps, 1st earl, 359 n.
Mundy, Admiral Sir George R., 377
Murray, James, Foreign Office, xliv
Mutinies (l797), xxii, xlii, 141 n., 146, 147, 165 n., 171, 186, 387; Princess Royal, 374
Nantes, chateau, 391
Napier, Admiral Sir Charles xxxviii, 229 n., 245 n., 246 n., 275 n., 293 n., 303, 372
Napoleon I, emperor, 172 n., 230 n., 233, 303
National Debt, 70, 71, 127, 145: Sinking Fund, 94
Nautical Magazine, The, xviii n.
Nautical Schools, xx, xxxv, xliv, 97–8, 103, 120–1, 183, 239, 240
Naval and Military Gazette, The, xviii n.
Naval Chronicle, The, xviii n.
Naval Courts, 240 n.
Naval Defence Act (1889), xlvii
Naval Discipline Act (1866), 236 n., 310
Naval Officers, for enrolling R.N.R., 285–9, 291: St. Lo, 21 sqq.
Naval Reserves Committee (1902): see Manning Enquiries
Naval Review, The, xviii n.
Naval stations, foreign, xxxvii–viii, 190, 199–200, 205, 207–8, 214, 219, 224, 257, 262–3, 305, 314; reliefs for, 363 n.: see Africa, America, East and West Indies, Mediterranean, Pacific
Navarino, battle (1827), 201
Navigation: see Seamanship
Navigation Acts, relaxed, 154 n.: repeal of, xiv, 304, 317 n., 366 n., 372
Navy Board, xxvi n., xxxi, xxxii n., 18–19, 24, 44–5, 55 n., 65–6, 95–6, 105, 107, 111–12, 375, 384, 391: Treasurer, 105, 151 n.; Comptroller, 384: Pay Office, xxvi n., 55 n., 66; and Crosfeild, 378–9; see Dockyards
Navy League Journal, The, xviii n.
Navy of Great Britain: see Elliot
Neale, H. I. Vansittart, Admiralty, xiii
Neapolitans, on St. Domingo, 352
Neath, Glamorgan, 101
Nepean, Sir Evan, Admiralty Secretary, 151 n.
Nevis, 390
New France, 334
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 4, 6, 7, 102, 155 n., 382: see Coal, Colliers, Keelmen
Newfoundland, 293, 334, 384
Newhaven, Sussex, 361
Newport, Monmouthshire, 101
Newspapers and naval reforms, xvi n., xviii, 195 n., 244: naval officers and, xviii–ix, 374: Admiralty advertisements, 106, 111, 342; and Walpole, 388
Newton, Glamorgan, 101
Niblett, Captain H. S. F.: see Manning Enquiries
Nile, battle of the (1798), 201
Nine Years War (1689–97), xxv, xxvii–viii, 1 sqq., 90–1, 378–9, 391
Nootka Sound, armament (1790), 173–4, 177
Nore, the, 117, 387, 391: see Mutinies
Norris, Admiral Sir John, xxix n., xxx
North Sea, 184, 206, 289 n., 293, 306
Northumberland, Sir Algernon Percy, 4th duke, 320
Northumberland, East Marches of, 102: Grey, 381
Norway, 72 n., 87
Nursery for seamen, xiv–v, xxv n., xxxiv, xiv, xlvii, 12–15, 37, 49–50, 52–4, 63, 66, 75, 93, 98, 120, 155, 157, 189 sqq., 197–8, 205, 228, 231, 234, 236 sqq., 248, 254, 356, 366: see Colliers, Inscription, Seamen, Trade
Nursery Office, proposed, 49, 65–6, 67
Officers (commissioned), xvi–xxii, xxxiii, xxxvii–viii, xlii–iii, 347 sqq., 392: see Captains, Commanders, Flag officers, Lieutenants, Mess, Naval Officers, Pressmasters, Regulating Officers
Officiers mariniers, 330 n.
Oglethorpe, General J. E., xvii, xxix, 71–83, 385–7
Oléron, Île d’, 330, 332 n.; laws of, 8
Onslow, Sir Richard (M.P.), xxv, xxxi n., 377, 378
Ordinary Seamen, naval, 158 n., 163, 178, 190, 214–15, 247, 255, 285–6, 294–5, 304 n., 307: defined, 201 n.: as rating, 47, 52–4, 192, 248 n., 260, 320, 324, 326, 360: as servants, 265–6: wages, 141 n.; see Pay, Royal Navy, Seamen
Ordnance Office, 44, 65
Ordonnance de la marine (1681), 113 n.
Ordonnance de la marine (1689), xxix–xxx, 113 n., 330–6: see Inscription
Oregon question (1845), 227
Orkneys, xxxvi n., 110
Orphans, 46 sqq.: of seamen, 45: see Families
Osborn, Rear-Admiral Sherard, author, iii, iv, xxxi n., xxxvii, xxxviii, 282 n., 283 n., 284 n., 367 n.
Ostend, East India ships, 73
Otway, Lieutenant Robert, author, xviii n.
Outlaws, pardoned, 138
Out-pensions: see Greenwich
Overseers of the Poor, xxxiii, 25 n.; and parish apprentices, 46 sqq., 60–1, 68
Overton, Richard, leveller, xxvii
Oxford, England, 391
Oyster-cocks, 27
Pacific Ocean, 181, 383: naval station, 377
Packet service, 362
Padstow, Cornwall, 100
Painters, 264, 352–3
Pakington, Sir J. S. (baron Hampton), 385
Palliser, Admiral Sir Hugh, 120 n.
Palmerston, H. J. Temple, 3rd viscount, 280 n., 281 n., 373, 380
Pamphleteering, during Interregnum, xxvi–vii: and naval officers, xviii–xxiii, 20–1, 36, 104, 196, 273: and parliament, xxiv
Pamphlets, anonymous or pseudonymous:
Cursory suggestions (1822), xliii
Encouragement and increase of seamen considered (1728), by Philanthropus, xxiv n.
Enquiry into the causes of our naval miscarriages, An (1707), xxiv n.
Enquiry into the nature and legality of press warrants, An (1770), xxiii, xxxvii n., 72
Enquiry into the practice and legality of pressing, An (1772), xxiii n.
Essay towards a method of speedily manning, An (1754), xxxiv
Friendly address, A (1820), xiii n.
Guide for the freeholders of Gt. Britain, A (1771), xxxv n.
Hints on educating and manning (1885), by a Captain, R.N., xiv
Impress of seamen (1786), 124–40
Impressment of seamen (1834), 173–88
Infallible project, An (1745), xxv–vi
Inquiry into the nature and effects of flogging, An (1826?), xix n.
Letter to the right hon. ***, A (1744), xxxvi n.
Observations and Proposals (1745), xxxi n., xxxiv n.
Old and true way of manning the fleet, The (1707), xxiv n.
Plain suggestions of a British seaman (1794), xxi, xxxvii n., 383
Popularity of the royal naval service (1826), by An Officer of the R.N., xix n.
Proposal for the encouragement of seamen, A (1758), by Philo Nauticus, 104–13
Proposals to increase seamen (1693), 12–15
Remarks upon the navy (1700), xxix
Rights of the sailors vindicated, The (1772), xxiii, 72, 135, 386
Short essay upon the present mode of impressing, A (1791), by A Freeholder, xxii, 140
Some hints (1758), by A Sea-Officer, 114–23
Tack about (1703), xxv n., xxxii, xxxiii n.
The impress considered (1810), 160–72
True method, A (1703), xxv n., xxxiii
View of the naval force of Great Britain, A (1791), by An Officer of Rank, xxxvii n., xl n.
Woollen-draper’s letter, A (1786), 383–4
Paris, 233, 375
Parish officers, xxxiii, xxxvi, 24 sqq., 43, 46 sqq., 67–8, 99; protected from navy, 43: connive at evasion, xxviii, 26, 45; exemption from serving as, xxxii, 45; France, 331: see Apprentices, Churchwardens, Constables, Headboroughs, Overseers, Scavengers, Tithingmen
Parish rates, fear of burdening, 26 n., 93, 158, 179, 190; increase 1689–1713, 91: proposed exemptions, 45, 63–4
Parker, Admiral Sir William, Bt., xiv, 196 n., 280 n.; see Manning Enquiries
Parliament, and Ireland, 132–3: manning, xiii, xvi n., xvii, xxiv–v, xxxiv–v, 25, 27–8, 32, 40, 42–3, 53, 82, 84 n.–85–6, 94, 98–9, 103–4, 109–10, 114, 130, 133–4, 140, 148–50, 160, 177, 181, 188 n., 203 n., 236 n., 238–9, 282, 292, 318: petitions to, xxiv, xxvii: reform of, 124; see Commons, Lords, Manning Bills
Patents, clerkship of, 376
Paley, Admiral C. G. E., 377
Patronage, in navy, 225
Patton, Charles, author, 388
Patton, Admiral Philip, xviii n., xix, xxi, xl, xlix, 141–50, 387–8
Pay, naval, xxvi n., xxx, xxxiii, xliv n., xl, 2, 5, 7, 16, 30–1, 45, 65, 78, 93, 97, 140–5, 153, 162–4, 169, 182, 213, 216, 242, 246, 264, 284, 327, 358, 367–8, 370: arrears, xxxii, 39, 56, 90–1, 98; of deceased, xxxii, 47, 59–60: deductions, xxxii, 32, 47 n., 48, 53, 58, 61–2, 68, 77–8, 90–1, 105, 108, 182, 379: increases, 141 n., 216–17, 219, 247, 261: mess servants, 66, 265–6; Pay Office, xxvi n., 55 n., 66; payships, xxxvi–vii; paymasters, 266, 292 n.; pays, 55, 59, 61, 83 n., 97, 111, 115, 183, 205, 210, 212–13, 223, 248, 263–4; France, 79; Holland, 80; Sweden, 81–2; see Bounties, Boys, Families, Tickets
Peace establishment, of navy: see Complements, Manning requirements, Standing Navy
Peel, Sir Robert (M.P.), 373
Pelham, Henry (M.P.), xxxiv, 99 n.
Pell, Admiral Sir Watkin O., 225
Pembroke, Wales, 101, 191, 207, 344
Penalties, xxxii, 26–7, 28 sqq., 43–4, 67, 89, 98–9, 103, 106, 109, 111, 241, 262, 302, 338, 342–3, 345 n., 346, 360: French, 331, 333–6
Penarth, Glamorgan, 101
Pennell, Sir Charles Henry, xiv–v, 312, 372
Penrose, Admiral Sir Charles, author, xviii n., xiii n.
Pensions, 64–5, 327–8: disability, 2, 5, 11 n., 90, 150 n., 165, 190, 238, 242, 310, 339–40, 368: widows, 142 n., 143, 341 n.: long-service, xxxiv, xl, 89–90, 145, 183, 190, 199, 214–17, 218, 238–42, 243 n., 255, 261, 264, 292–3, 307 n.., 320, 339 n., 340, 368: short-service, xiv n., 144, 242 n., 292–3, 296, 310, 314: marines, 269, 363–4: R.N.R., xlvi, 287, 305, 307 n., 313, 368–9, 370 n.: Pennell, 312 n.: Connolly, 272–3: Gilmore, 307, 309, 311–12: see Greenwich, Merchant Seaman’s Pension Fund, Seamen Pensioner Reserve
Penzance, Cornwall, 100
Pepys, Samuel, xxiv n., xxv, xxvii–viii, 390
Perry, Captain John, author, xvi, xx, xxix, xxxiii, 23 n., 30 n., 31 n., 37 n.
Persian Gulf, 170 n.
Perthshire, Scotland, 102
Pertuis Maumusson, 32 n.
Peter, Charles, 388–9
Peter I, tsar of Russia, 375–6
Peterhead, Aberdeenshire, 102
Petitions, xxiii, xxiv, xxvii, 71: of Right (1628), 72
Petropavlovsk, Russian base, 377
Petty, Sir William, author, xxvi, xxxiv, xiv
Petty Officers, xxiv n., xxxiii, 106–7, 111–12, 116–17, 121, 199, 201, 207 n., 210, 214–15, 246 n., 296, 33911., 347, 349; sqq, quarterdeck, 144; chief, 269, 271–2, 310, 387; 1st class, 255, 262, 269, 271: 2nd class, 267, 271, 308; disrating, 119: good conduct stripes, 267–9; and mutiny, 141 n.: numbers, 142, 145, 217, 246; pay, 141–3, 155 n., 266–7, 358–9; pension, 143–5; prize money, 146–7: punishment, 119–20: in Coastguard, 296, 322; see Captains (afterguard, etc.), Mates, Midshipmen, Quartermasters, Ship’s corporals, Yeomen
Pevensey, Sussex, 100
Philanthropus, author, xxiv n.
Philipps, Sir John (M.P.), xxxvi n.
Philo Nauticus, xxiii n., 104–13: see Knowles
Physicians, naval, 105, 108: see Trotter
Pill, Somerset, 101
Pilotage, of U.K., 240, 382
Pilots, 87, 240, 258; French, 330, 332
Pirates, 62, 73, 92, 379–80, 390: and privateering, 362
Pitt, William, “the younger”, xl n., xii, 132, 151, 154 n., 177 n., 346 n., 384, 387
Plate, river, 373
Plumbers, 264, 352
Plunkett, Captain the Hon. E., author, 16th baron Dunsany, xliii n.
Plymouth, Devon, xviii, xii, xliii, 17, 51, 100, 105, 107, 108, 151, 157, 16111., 191, 197, 207, 232, 260 n., 320 n., 344, 361, 378, 384, 385, 391
Pole, Admiral Sir Charles M. (M.P.), 161 n.
Police, naval, 171, 259, 269 sqq., 362
Polk, President James K., 227 n.
Poole, Dorset, xviii n., 22–3, 100, 230, 344
Port Royal, Jamaica, 136
Portland, Dorset, 100, 260 n.
Ports, listed by Cleeve, 100–2: Marine Plan, 344; see Cinque Ports
Portsea, Hampshire, xviii
Portsmouth, Hampshire, xviii n., xliii, 98, 100, 105, 151, 157, 191, 197, 207, 232, 260 n., 303, 320 n., 344, 356, 361, 374, 375, 376, 384, 385, 390, 391, 392
Portsoy, Banff, 102
Portugal, 7, 79, 237 n.; Tagus squadron, 280, 385; Lisbon contractors, 280; Portuguese on St. Domingo, 352
Post Office, General, 39, 57–8, 68, 375, 379; mail steamers, 239–40; see Ship letters
Postlethwayt, Malachy, author, xvii n., 84 n.
Poulterer, 351
Poulton, Lancashire, 101
Press-gangs, xxii, 51, 163, 301–3: afloat, xxviii, xxxii, 2, 7–8, 17–18, 20, 25, 51, 66, 76, 90, 125, 135, 152–3, 156–7, 189 n., 357; ashore, xxviii, 9–10, 17–18, 74–7, 135, 151 n., 152: alarms of, 35, 88, 115, 151–2, 188 n.; bribes to, 43, 74, 76; and juries, 77, 126, 130 n.; pay, 115, 139; rendezvous, 163–4: violence, xxvii, 43, 72–5, 77, 125–6, 163, 357, 382; see London, Impress Service, Protections
Pressmasters, xxvi, 8 n., 18 n., 20, 27, 72, 75–6, 76–7, 95, 139, 152; instructions, 129–30: emoluments, 124, 135, 139: see Impress Service, Lieutenants, Press-gangs
Press-tenders, 2, 7–8, 9–10, 17–18, 38, 72 n., 74 n., 75, 76, 83 n., 125 n., 136, 152, 163; hiring of 20, 95, 115; see Ketches, Smacks
Press warrants, xxxv, 7, 9, 43, 75–6, 152 n., 163; general, 357: see Impressment, Protections
Prices, influenced by pressing, 93: provisions at London, 96; see Coal
Prime seamen: see Able Seamen
Privateers, 7, 11 n., 66, 109, 146, 153, 165, 228, 375, 391: Algerine, 91: American, 160; French, xxviii, 5, 6, 8, 25, 66, 334: Spanish, 73; Barrow’s objections, 362: abolition, 362 n.
Privileges, for navy men, xxxii, xlvi, 182–3: arrest for debt, 43, 61, 98, 339 n.; parish offices, xxxii, 45, 339 n.; statute-work, 339 n.; taxes, xxxiii: immunities for wives, 45, 63: marriage without banns, 64; tied houses, 105–11: education of sons, xxxv, xiv, 97–8, 120–1, 183: in France, 79, 332–3: Sweden, 81: see Employment, Marine Plan, Pensions, Widows
Privy Council, xxxiii n., 26 n., 133, 150, 282–3, 365, 376, 377; Lord President, 4; see Proclamations
Prize money, 47, 66, 142 n., 143, 145–7, 162–3, 164, 190 n., 224, 341, 346.359, 368, 371, 391; Commissioners, 391; American, 181
Proclamations, royal, xiii, xxxvii, 26 n., 45, 46, 106, 137 n., 138, 192 n., 283–4, 304, 358, 365, 369, 371; see Privy Council
Prostitution, 64–5
Protections, from pressing, xxxvi, 16: by favour, 20, 43–4: fraud, 27, 34, 43–4; law, xxxvi, 34, 43 n., 46 n., 50–2, 54, 130, 150 n., 152, 358; composition, xxxvi n., 155 n., 158, 197; on Indiamen, 166 n.; for privateersmen, 362; disregarded, 152, 357; see Substitutes
Provence, 330, 334
Provisions; see Victuals
Prussia, xxxviii, 126 n., 177 n.: Prussians on St. Domingo, 352; Elizabeth, 355 n.
Public Accounts, Commissioners for Stating, 378
Public Advertiser, The, xxxv–vi
Pulteney, William (M.P.), xxxix–xl, 124 n., 140 n., 337 n., 338 n., 339 n., 340 n., 341 n.., 344 n., 345 n.
Punishment, corporal, xviii, xxiv n., xxxiii, xliii, 119, 137, 174, 183–8, 235, 236 n., 241, 262 n., 385
Pursers, xxiv, xxv n., 57–8, 68, 78, 81, 91, 112, 120, 136, 191, 266, 348: gains, 113, 115: steward, 117, 191, 266, 351; compared with écrivains, 113
Quakers, 83 n.
Quartermasters, 55, 116–18, 142–3, 191, 199, 251, 269, 310, 349–50
Quiberon Bay, battle (1759), 387
Quota Acts (1795), xiii, 151 n., 154 n., 155 n.
Quotas, of seamen, xxx, xxxvi n., 153–4, 155 n., 156–7, 391; of King’s Men in merchantmen, 87; naval militiamen, 279, 281–2; see Militia, Quota Acts
Raines, Sir Richard, Admiralty Judge, 34 n.
Ralegh, Sir Walter, xxvi n.
Ramsgate, Kent, 23, 100
Ranelagh, T. H. Jones, 7th earl, author, 232
Ras al Khaima, 170 n.
Reddie, James, Admiralty Accountant-General, xiv, xxvii n., xlvii, 276 n., 327, 328
Reformatory ships, 323–4, 326 n.
Register Act (1696), xxiv n., xxx sqq., xii–ii, 29 n., 68 n., 147–8: advocates, xxix, xxxi–iv, 16 sqq.
Registrar General of Seamen, iv, xlvi, 248 n., 278 n., 359–60: and R.N.R., 286 n., 289, 292 n., 371 n.; see Brown, Mayo
Registrars, in ports, proposed by St. Lo, xxxiii, 22–4; Cleeve, 96 sqq.; under Registration Act (1835), 286 n.; R.N.R., 285–7, 290–1, 367 n., 369, 371; see Customs officers, Marine and Shipping Offices, Shipping Masters, Superintendents
Registration Act (1835), xxx, 188 n., 359–60; see Brown, Graham, Registrar General Registration of seamen, xiv n., xvi, xviii–ix, xxix, xxx–i, XXXV, xl, xiii “·· 140, 176–7, 188 n., 359–60: St. Lo, xvi, xxix, xxxiii, 21 sqq.; Perry, xxix, xxxiii, 23 n., 30 n., 31 n.: Robe, 87; Walpole, xxx; Marine Plan, xl-i, 147 n., 148 n., 337 sqq.; Patton, xl, 141 n., 147–9, 387; Graham, xxx, 188 n., 359–60; Elliot, 238–40; militia, 357; see General register, Inscription, Register Act (1696), Registration Act (1835)
Regulating Officers, xxviii, xxxvi n., 95, 138, 152 n., 155 n..
Religion, 2–4, 54, 97: C. of E., 378: charity sermons, 121; Swedish navy, 82: see Chaplains, Clergy
Reserves, enacted: see Register Act (1696); Coast Blockade, Coastguard (1831, 1856): Seamen Riggers (1844), R.N. Coast Volunteers (1852); R.N.R. (1860): R.N. Artillery Volunteers (1874); Seamen Pensioner Reserve (1876): Royal Fleet Reserve (1900): R.N. Volunteers (1903); see Cinque Ports
Reserves, proposed: see Petty (1676); Robe (1726); Barrington (1749); Cleeve (1756); Sea Officer (1758); Marine Plan (1780): Patton (1802); Brown (1838–52); Pennell (1852): Bowles (1854); Gilmore (1869); Brassey, Thomas (baron), xvii, xlvi
Retainers, proposed by Petty, xxxiv; Act of 1696, xxxi–ii, xxxiv; Cleeve, 96: Sea-Officer (1758), 115, 121–2; Patton, 144–5: Burdett, 176; Pennell, xiv n.; R.N.R., xlvi, 287, 292 n., 293, 305, 310, 324–6, 328, 367, 369–70
Revenue, national, 2, 8, 11 n., 17, 70, 71, 93; and Coastguard, 276, 361: see Taxes
Rex v., Broadfoot: see Foster, Sir M.
Richard I, king, 71
Ridgway, James, publisher, xviii n.
Riga, 384
Rigging-houses, 263
Robe, T., xvii, xxiv, 84–94, 388–90
Rochefort, expedition (1757), 104 n., 383
Rochester, Kent, 100
Roddam, Vice-Admiral Robert, 139 n.
Romney, Kent, 301
Romsey abbey, Hampshire, 373
Rooke, Admiral Sir George, 390
Ropemakers, 21, 24–6, 29, 35, 37, 349, 351–3, 355
Rotation of service, in navy, xxxiii, xxxvi, 16, 19, 27, 30–1, 32–3, 34–5, 37, 38, 39, 341, 343, 344 n., 365; France, xxix: see Enlistment Act (1853), Inscription, Limited Service, Marine Plan, Militia
Rothery, H. C., 366
Rowe, Peter, author, xxv n.
Royal Fleet Reserve (1900), xiv, xlvii n., 306 n.
Royal Naval Artillery Volunteers (1874–91), xvii
Royal Naval Coast Volunteers (1852–70), xxxv, xxxvii, xxxviii n., 276–8, 283 n., 284 n., 291, 299, 363–5
Royal Naval Reserve (R.N.R.), iii, xiii–iv, xxxi, xxxvii, xii, xlvi–vii, 276–7, 283 n., 296, 304–5, 325, 363–4, 373, 381: and boys, xlvi, 324, 367; cost, 301, 305, 313, 325–6: discipline, 314–15, 369; discharge, 368, 370; drill, xlvi, 287–90, 305, 313, 328, 368, 370–1: early enrolments, xlvi, 276 n., 289 n., 295, 318 n.: officers, 310, 322: pay and allowances, 367–70: and pensioners, 292–3, 306, 367 n.; reports on, xlvii n.: Second Class (1870), xlvi, 288 n., 290–1, 324–5, 365 n., 369–71; size, 302, 305.311, 313, 322: Trawler Section, xiv n.; Gilmore’s version (1869), 306 sqq.; Gardner’s (1871), xlvii n.; see Board of Trade, Mayo, Retainers
Royal Naval Volunteers (1860–2), xlvi–vii, 286, 296, 363–4: see Royal Naval Reserve
Royal Naval Volunteers Reserve (1903), xvii n., 234 n.
Royal Navy, crews of, compared with merchant service, xiii n., 165, 190 n., 216, 255, 261, 315–17; deceased men, xxxii, 33, 59–60, 64, 66 n., 105–107, 120, 136; discharge, xxxv, xxxix, 6–7, 30–1, 49, 59, 68, 86, 89, 92, 97, 99, 174, 210, 213 sqq., 224, 246, 262, 264, 297, 303–4, 358; duties, 202: how composed, 117, 170–1, 179, 197–8, 200, 202, 209, 222, 251–2; improved conditions, xxx, 162 sqq., 172, 182–3, 185; promotions, xxxii, 19, 39, 48, 53, 55, 78, 112, 183, 217, 219, 248 n., 261; skeleton crews, 209, 218, 263, 294–5; terms of engagement, xiii, 89, 96, 135, 214–15, 221, 223–4; see Able Seamen, Boys, Complements, Disablement, Discipline, Divisions, Families, Health, Manning, Marines, Pay, Pensions, Petty and Warrant Officers, Punishment, Turnovers
Royal Society, 383
Royal Thames Yacht Club, 231
Royal United Service Institution, xiii–iv, xlvii, 380
Royal Victoria Yacht Club, 227, 381
Royal Yacht Squadron, 230–1
Rudders, 383
Russell, Admiral Edward, earl of Orford, xxxi n., xxxiii, 377
Russia, 126 n., 174 n., 177, 234, 352–3, 376: navy, 73, 303, 383; Russians on St. Domingo, 352–3: see Crimean War, Peter I
Ryder, Rear-Admiral A. P., xiii–iv
Rye, Sussex, 100
Ryswyck, peace of (1697), 40 n.
Sailmakers, 21, 24–6, 29, 35, 37, 117, 245, 263–4, 289 n., 349, 351–2, 355: mate, 349, 351: crew, 349, 351
Sailors’ Advocate, the, xxiii, 71, 82–3, 386: see Oglethorpe
Sailors’ Homes, 240, 374
St-Domingue, 382
St. Helens, Alleyne Fitzherbert, baron, 173
St. Helen’s, Isle of Wight, 391–2
St. Ives, Cornwall, 100, 344
St. James’s Journal (1722–3), 388
St. Katherine’s dock, 75
St. Lo, Commissioner George, xvi, xix, xxiii n., xxv, xxix, xxxiii, 9, 12 n., 16–41, 390–1
St. Malo, 37 n.
St. Mawes, Cornwall, 100
St. Vincent, Admiral John Jervis, earl, 151 n., 385
Saintonge, 330, 332
Salcombe, Devon, 100
Salisbury, Wiltshire, xviii n.
Saltash, Cornwall, 100
Saltfleet, Lincolnshire, 102
Sandwich, John Montagu, 4th earl, xxi, 128 n., )3) n.
Sandwich, Kent, 301
Saumarez, Admiral Sir James, 1st baron, 383, 384
Savoy, the (London), 43
Scarborough, Yorkshire, 101
Scavengers, 45
School ships: see Training ships
Schoolmasters, naval, xliv, 47–50, 54, 65, 191, 270, 348
Schools: see Industrial, Nautical, Training ships
Scotland, xxxvi n., 260 n., 281 n., 352–3; Scots on St. Domingo, 352–3
Screw warships, 385
Sea Fencibles, xxxvii; Elliot, 235 n., 380
Seafarers, defined, xxxiii n., 178
Seamanship, instruction in, xxxiii–iv, xliv–vi, 47–8, 50, 65, 97, 121, 190, 239, 283, 294–6, 308; see Nautical Schools, R.N.R., Training ships
Seamen, numbers, xv, xxvii n., xxviii, xxxi–ii, xxxviii, xlvi, 5, 7, 14, 24, 38, 83 n., 88, 100–3, 115, 122, 131, 137, 154, 158, 164, 166–7, 189–90, 346 n., 356, 359–60; in hiding, 5, 7, 10, 26, 28–30, 35, 43, 51, 64, 69, 75, 91, 356, 359–60: mobility, 31–2, 108, 110–11: emigration, 34, 42, 62, 73, 75–6, 92, 115, 152–3, 158, 160, 205, 218, 388: aversion from navy, xix n., 95, 116, 120, 155, 163, 169, 183–6, 190, 193, 236–7, 254–5, 316–17, 319, 359 n., 366; character, xxxii, xiii–iv, 2, 10–11, 26, 74, 107, 110–11, 121, 125, 134, 163–4, 185, 210, 212, 216–18, 224, 237, 245 sqq., 261–2, 290, 326, 328–30: Irish, 131–2: see Combinations, Debts, Mercantile Marine, Registration, Wages
Seamen-gunners: see Gunners
Seamen Pensioner Reserve, xiv n., 242 n., 292–3, 310 n., 322: proposed by Patton, 144–5: Enlistment Acts (1835, 1853), 358, 292: 1849 Regulations, 243 n.: Hardwicke, 363–4: Gilmore, 306, 310–13
Seamen Riggers, xxxv, 207 n., 279 n.: Sharpe’s Corps, 205 sqq.
Seamen’s Bills (1780–6), xxxix–xlii, 140, 384: see Marine Plan
Sea-Officer, A, Some Hints (1758), 114–23
Search, right of, 193: risk taken by captains, 359
Sebastopol, 278, 279 n.
Sedgemoor, battle (1685), 375
Servants, 51, 57, 65, 66–7, 97, 117, 252, 259, 266, 321, 350; mess cooks and stewards, 265–6; midshipmen’s, 351; French, 334
Service, naval: see Continuous, Limited, Rotation, Royal Navy
Seudre, river, 332 n.
Severn, river, 101
Sharp, Granville, xvii, xxii n., xxix n., xlix, 72 n., 386–7
Sharpe, Bartholomew, 390
Sharpe, Lieutenant Benjamin, xxi n., xliv, 204–26, 390
Shaw-Lefevre, Sir J. G. (M.P.), 326 n.
Sheerness, Dockyard, 151, 201, 207, 245, 361, 385
Shepherd, Rear-Admiral John, 366
Sheppey, Kent, 100
Sheridan, R. B. (M.P.), xii, 384
Sheriffs, 25 n., 130, 342
Sheringham, Captain W. L., surveyor and author, xiii n., xviii n.
Shetlands, xxxvi n., 344
Shields, Northumberland, 102, 155 n.; North, xvii, 151, 382; South, 155 n.
Shifters, 35, 117: see Cooks
Ship letters, miscarriage of, 57–8, 68; to parishes and parents, 57, 67; to ships, 58: charges, 57, 58, 67–8, 183
Shipbuilding, naval, 25, 37, 97, 189, 377; art of, 122, 375; yachts, 230
Shipmasters, xxxiv n., xxxvi, xxxix, 11 n., 13, 20, 22, 26–7. 30–l, 33–5, 43–4, 49–51, 63, 67, 87, 95–6, 106, 110, 152–3, 193, 238–9, 240 n., 285 n., 307, 309, 326, 328, 338–9, 342, 368, 370, 374; authority of, 237: mates, 238–9 n., 368, 370, 374; and Mercantile Marine Act, 238–9 n.; pay, 141; yachting, 228: French, 330 sqq.; Swedish, 82
Ship-money, xxxvii
Shipowners, xvii, xxiv n., xxxviii n., xii, xliii, xlv–vi, 16–17, 40, 51–2, 87–8, 90–1, 96, 106, 110, 116, 152–9, 189, 238, 302, 326, 327 n., 328, 338 n., 339, 372, 382; Liverpool committee (1869–80), 326, 328–9: French, 330–1, 333
Shipping delays, 1, 2, 4, 16–17, 51–2, 74, 88, 92, 155, 159, 194: naval, xxxiv n., 17, 25, 190, 210–11; see Embargoes
Shipping losses, by under-manning, 17, 28, 51; want of convoys, 40: weak defence, 17, 28, 36: fear of press, 51: men-of-war, 36–7: see Privateers
Shipping Masters, xlvi, 240 n.; and R.N.R., 285–7, 290–1: see Customs officers, Marine Boards, Registrars (R.N.R.)
Shipping Offices, 285 n., 287 n.: see Customs officers, Marine Boards, Shipping Masters, Superintendents
Ships (mercantile) named:
Akbar (training), 323 n.
Arethusa (training), 323 n.
Asia (East Indiaman), 166 n.
Britannia, 125 n.
Chichester (training), 323 n.
Clarence (training), 323 n.
Conway (training), 323 n.
Endeavour (training), 323 n.
Gatton, 137 n.
Gibraltar (training), 323 n.
Goliath (training), 323 n.
Hillsborough, 137 n.
Indefatigable (training), 323 n.
London, 304
Warspite (Marine Society), 193 n., 323 n.
Worcester (training), 323 n.
Ships (R.N.) named:
Agamemnon, 377
Albemarle, 391
Beacon, 377
Blenheim, 139
Britannia, 320
Burford, 392
Castor, 377
Colchester, 392
Curaçoa, 303–4
Dartmouth, 390
Donegal, 377
Dover, 392
Dreadnought, 173 n.
Elizabeth, 354–5
Excellent, 226 n., 248, 373, 390
Exeter, 375
Firebrand, 390
Hampshire, 390
Hercules, 201
Howe, 224, 390
Impregnable, xiv
Leopard, 167 n.
Lichfield, 392
Lyme, ix, 392
Marlborough, 385
Mary, 392
Monarch, 248 n. 377
Montague, 392
Neptune, 392
Norwich, 392
Peregrine Galley, 376
Pique, 198
Portsmouth, 391
President, 377
Prince George, 387
Princess Charlotte, 258
Princess Royal, 374
Queen, 191 n.
Racoon, 303–4
Raleigh, 258
Renown, 303–4
Resolution, 375
Revenge (1700), 392
Revenge (1865), 381
Romney, 392
Royal Transport, 375
Royal William, 375
Russell, 392
St. Domingo, 352–4
Shannon, 200 n.
Southampton, 382
Suffolk, 375
Swiftsure, 190
Thunderer, 198 n.
Victory, 383
Winchester, 381
Windsor Castle, 375
Ships (U.S.N.) named:
Chesapeake, 162, 167, 200 n.
Franklin, 181
Ship’s corporals, 117–8, 269, 271–3, 349
Ships of the line, xiv, 117–18, 122–3, 144–5, 165, 181, 197, 206–8, 244, 249–51, 266, 271, 279, 285, 361–2; converted to frigates, 197; to troop ships, 257
Shipwrights, 21, 22, 24–6, 29, 35, 37, 97, 154, 264, 352; yachts, 230, 231 n.
Shore-leave, xxxvii, 97, 109, 166, 214, 216, 246, 296 n.; absence of, 114–15, 165, 185; liberty-books, 270; see Tickets, Turnovers
Shoreham, Sussex, 100
Short-allowance money, 47, 66
Shot-cleaners, 252
Shovell, Admiral Sir C., 377
Sicilians, on St. Domingo, 352
Sick and Wounded, Commissioners, 378
Sick berth attendants, 266
Signal books, 387
Signalmen, 251; Yeoman, 349
Sinclair, Sir John (M.P.), author, xiii
Sixpences, under Act of 1696, 47 n., 68, 106, 110, 345; for navy, see Chatham Chest
Sixpenny Office, 110; see Greenwich
Slave trade, xxii n., 96, 161
Sleigh, Captain Adderley W., author, 213 n., 237 n.
Sloops, 66, 331, 362
Slops, 59, 62, 78, 98, 105, 108, 112, 164, 165, 182, 191, 215, 219, 245, 270, 341, 364; pursers’ profits, 115; inspection, 119
Smacks, for pressing, 18, 20, 74 n., 75; fishing, 52, 67, 69
Smart, Captain Robert, 225 n.
Smart money, 238: see Pensions (disability)
Smith, Admiral Thomas, 114 n.
Smugglers, xxxviii n., 138 n., 150 n., 210 n.
Smyrna, convoy to (1693), 8 n.
Soap, 182
Social contract, 126–7
Society of Seamen, xl, 147 sqq.: see Patton
Soldiers, 32, 73, 122, 150 n., 249, 253, 261, 352; discipline, 119–20, 187, 221; freedom from quartering, 63, 332; pay, 97, 169; pensions, xl, 256; bounty, 170 n.; pressing of, 69; recruitment, 72, 205; seamen as, 114, 116–18, 249; transport of, xxxviii, 204, 211, 249, 253, 256–9; see Marines, Militia
Solicitor, Marine, proposed, 68
Solicitor General, 61
Somers, John, baron, 376
Somerset, E. A. Seymour, 12th duke, 318 n., 381
Sound, the Danish, xxxii
South Foreland, 339 n.
Southampton, Hampshire xvii n., 23, 62 n., 230, 380–1, 388
Southwold, Suffolk, 102
Spain, 7, 42, 73, 131, 234, 280 n., 352, 373, 382–3, 386; privateers, 73; privateering against (1805–6), 362; treasure fleet, 73 n., 382; Nootka Sound, 173, 177; see Spanish Succession
Spalding, Lincolnshire, 102
Spanish Succession, war of the, xxxi–iii, 42, 68–9, 90–1, 376, 392
Spencer, J. G., 2nd earl, 387
Spithead, 136, 173, 374, 387: see Mutinies
Stamp Office, 64
Standing Navy, size of, xiv, xxxiv–v, xxxviii–ix, xliv, 197 sqq., 204 sqq., 226 n., 248 sqq., 263–4, 294–6, 314, 322–3, 363, 381; see Complements
Statute-work, freedom from, 339 n.
Steamers, 285, 328 n.; effect on Nursery, 197, 356; mail, 239–40; naval, xv, 209, 226 n., 227–8, 231–2, 234–5, 250, 257, 281.362, 373, 385; Steam Reserve, 249, 303
Stephens, Sir Philip, Admiralty Secretary, xvii n., 151
Stevenson, John, author, xxii, xl n., 346 n., 384
Stewards, 265–6, 35 i; see Mess, Pursers
Stewart, Lieutenant Duncan, author, xix n., xxi, 259 n.
Stockjobbers, 389
Stockton, Durham, 102
Stokers, 251, 319 n., 320–1
Stores, 109, 112, 208–9, 213, 257–8, 277; damage to, 205, 212–13, 259
Stornoway, Hebrides, 344
Stowage, 212, 248, 251, 257; see Stores
Straits: see Mediterranean
Street Arabs, 324
Stromness, Orkneys, 344
Subsistence money, 264
Substitutes, sale of, 138–9; for pardoned men, 138–9; for pressed men, 139, 155 n., 158; for enlisted men, 223 n., 224; in militia, xxxvi–vii, 135, 176; under Act of 1835, 358
Sudbury, John, author, xxvi n.
Sulivan, Admiral Sir B. J., xiv, xlvi
Sunderland, Durham, 102, 232, 344
Superintendents of Mercantile Marine, 369, 371: see Marine Boards, Registrars (R.N.R.), Shipping Masters
Supernumeraries., 199, 261, 321 n.
Surgeons, naval, 26, 98, 105, 108, 165, 191, 266, 348, 392; assistant, 348; mates, 144 n.; see Clarke
Surveying, instruction in, 239; ships, 226 n.
Sussex: see Coast Blockade
Swabbers, 35: see Sweepers
Swanne, Rev. John, xvi, xxvi, xliv, 46–70, 391–2
Swansea, Glamorganshire, 101, 344
Sweaborg, Russian base, 372
Sweden, 75 n.; manning, 81–2; Swedes on St. Domingo, 352; Elizabeth, 355 n.
Sweepers, 250, 252: see Swabbers
Sydenham, Humphrey (M.P.), xxxvi
Syrian crisis (1839–41), 198 n., 229, 246, 377, 390
Tagus, naval station, 280 n., 385; see Portugal
Tahiti, war scare (1844), 228 n., 373
Tangier, bombardment (1844), 230 n.
Tarleton, Vice-Admiral J. W., xlvii n., 371 n.
Taxes, 85, 116, 176, 384; exemptions for navy men, xxxii; widows, 45; on coal, 14; spirits, 389; and country gentlemen, xxxiv, 377, 390; see Customs, Land Tax, Tonnage
Taylor, Henry, of Newcastle, 382
Taylor, Randal, publisher, 42 n.
Texas, 241, 380
Thames, river, xxxi, xxxvii, 4, 13, 44, 50, 59, 76, 81, 91, 99 /1., 100, 138, 151, 197, 356, 375; Flats, 207; yachting, 231; see Deptford, Gravesend, London, St. Katherine’s dock, Wapping, Watermen’s Company, Woolwich
Thiers, Adolphe, 233
Ticket-buyers, xxiv n., xxvi n., 78, 83 n., 97 n.
Tickets, of leave, 31 n., 32, 106, 110, 185; for wages, xxiv n., xxvi n., 68, 78, 378–9; others, 30 n., 31 n.: French, 330: see Pay, Shore-leave, Ticket-buyers
Tiltboats, 25
Timber, 107, 281
Times, The, xvii, 305, 374
Tithingmen, xxviii, 24 sqq.
Tobacco, xliii, 112, 182; Carmarthen, 376
Tomlinson, Lieutenant Robert, author, iv, xvi, xx–i, xxxi, xxxvii, xxxix–xl, 124 n., 135 n.
Tonnage, duties proposed, xii, 11 n., 93, 345 n.; increase of, 158
Torbay, Devon, 100
Torres Strait, 383
Torres Vedras, 372
Torrington, Sir George Byng, 1st viscount, xiii n., 375, 378
Totnes, Devon, 100
Toulon, xxix n.
Tower Hamlets, xx
Tower Hill, 245, 247
Trade, coasting, xxxix n., 2, 4–7, 9, 87–8, 116, 236, 337, 360; and steamers, 356; and R.N.R., 289–90, 293, 367: French, 332: see Colliers
Trade, foreign, 5–7, 71, 87–8, 92, 116, 152–4, 157, 177, 180–1, 192, 200, 236, 239 n.: and pressing, xxviii, I sqq., 19, 40, 51, 72–4, 77, 88, 92–3, 95–6, 157, 181; and R.N.R., 290–1, 363–4, 367, 369, 371; Gilmore’s reserve, 307, 309, 314: French, 116, 178–9, 233, 332, 334–6; see East and West Indies, Embargoes, Mercantile Marine, Shipmasters, Shipowners
Trades, freedom of, 45, 63, 106, 150 n.; represented on St. Domingo, 352–3; Elizabeth, 355 n.
Trafalgar, battle, 190, 201, 353, 383, 387; Roll, xvi n.
Trained Man money, 307, 309, 370
Training ships, xliv–vi, xlviii n., 190 sqq.; naval brigs, 257–8, 260, 263, 275, 314, 320, 324 n., 326, 329; merchant service, 323–4, 329; Sulivan’s school-ships, xiv: Hardwicke, xliv–v, 364; Grey, 324–7; costs, 192–3, 325; see Ships (mercantile)
Transports, naval, 253, 257–98, 314; cost of hiring, 258; Transport Board, 387; Connolly’s service, 256–9; see Troop ships
Trawl-boats, 178
Treasury, 323 n., 361, 377: see Exchequer
Treby, Sir George, L. C. J., 378
Trevor, John 378
Trinidad, 380
Trinity House, of Deptford Strond, xxxiv, xii–ii n., 48 n., 65, 240, 382
Troop ships, 211, 321 n.; see Soldiers, Transports
Trotter, Dr. Thomas, physician and author, xx, 382
Tryon, Admiral Sir George: see Manning Enquiries
Trumbull, Sir William, 379
Tucker, Captain William, 120 n.
Turner, Charles (M.P.), 337 n.
Turners, 264
Turnovers, xxvii, 16, 37, 55–6, 58, 97, 185
Tutchin, John, Observator, xxvi n., xxix
Tyne, river, pressing, 151 n., 152 n., 155 n.; wage-riots, 156 n.; see Coal, Colliers, Keelmen
Tyrol, 228
Under-manning: see Manning requirements
Unemployment, after naval discharge, xxxv, 86, 92, 106, 115, 150 n., 155 n., 215, 246, 297; servants, 265
Uniform, for King’s Men, xxxiv, 89; H.M.’s Seamen, 96; R.N., 219; R.N.R., 310, 370
United Provinces: see Holland
United Service Journal, The, xviii n.
United States of America, 136, 184–5, 316, 388; navy, xliv–v, 160, 180–1, 184, 197 n., 200, 233; immigration of British seamen, xxxix, 153 n., 158, 160, 166–8, 171, 235, 246; embargo (1807), 167; War of 1812, 199–200; annexations, 227 n., 241 n.; Civil War, 319: Americans on St. Domingo, 352; on Elizabeth, 355 n.; see American independence
Uphill, Somerset, 101
Urquhart, Thomas, shipowner and author, iv, xvii, xviii n., xliii, 346, 349, 351, 353
Vagrants, 10, 14, 35, 149; seamen as, 5; their families, 75, 107
Vavasor, Lieutenant Richard, 120 n.
Venezuela, 382
Venice, manning, 79
Vernon, Admiral Edward, xix, xxvi, xxix n., xxxvi n., 120 n., 382, 386
Vernon, Captain Edward, 120 n.
Vice-Admirals, of counties, xxviii, 19, 21–2
Victuallers: see Innkeepers
Victualling Office, 44: yards, 264
Victuals, naval, 13–14, 18, 20, 32, 37, 59, 112, 162–3, 182, 191–2, 212–13, 364, 379: in Dutch navy, 80, 81 n.; Swedish merchantmen, 82; victualling store allowance, 266; for R.N.C.V. and R.N.R., 277, 368, 371: Gilmore, 311–12
Viner, Sir Robert, goldsmith, 374
Volunteers, for navy, xxxii, xxxiv–vi, 38–9, 44–5, 47, 93, 138–9, 164, 171, 179, 193, 282, 304, 322, 358–60; from Indiamen, 166 n.; in lieu of press, 197; pressed men as, 139; rendezvous, 357–8, 372; recruiting staff, 373; for Marine Corps, 169–70; American, 181; see Enlistment, Reserves
Wager, Admiral Sir Charles, xxx, 72 n., 74, 75 n..
Wages, in merchantmen, xxxvi, xxxix, 2, 34–5, 43, 51–2, 78, 83 n., 91, 95–6, 116, 140, 153, 155–7, 166, 189, 235: inflated by pressing, xxviii, 6–7, 16–17, 40, 51, 69, 88, 155, 164; lost by pressing, 76 n., 92–3, 136–7; deductions, xxxii, 47 n., 68, 90 n., 106, 150 n.; Marine Plan, 339–41, 346; Pulteney, 339 n.; see Colliers, Crimpage
Wages, naval: see Pay
Wainfleet, Lincolnshire, 102
Wainwright, Captain J., 170 n.
Waisters, 247–8, 252, 350: see Land(s)men
Wales, impressment in, 302: Welsh on St. Domingo, 352–3
Walpole, Sir Robert, xxx, xxxv n., xl n., xli, 77 n., 386, 388
Wapping, xiii, 75, 360
War of 1812, 199–200
Ward-room: see Mess
Ware barges, 25
Warenmouth, Northumberland, 102
Warrant Officers, 39, 53, 55, 66, 78, 83 11,, 212, 306, 308–9, 321 11,, 346, 387: book-keeping, 112–13: master-at-arms, 271–2: and mutiny, 141–2 n.: pay, 141–2: prize money, 146: promotion to quarterdeck, 258: stores, 113; widows, 142 n., 364: and see (1) Chaplains, Masters, Pursers, Schoolmasters, Surgeons: (2) Boatswains, Carpenters, Gunners: (3) Armourers, Caulkers, Cooks, Ropemakers, Sailmakers
Warren, Admiral Sir John Borlase, xxii n., putative author, 384
Wast Cumberland, 101
Waste lands, drainage of, 94
Watch and ward, 63: France, 332
Watch bills, 197–8, 258, 350: watchkeepers, 258: see Divisions
Watermen, xxxiii, 13, 25 sqq., 44, 63, 75, 79, 153 n., 154, 352; Company (Thames), xxxiii, 13 n., 19, 20, 44, 81, 197.283, 385
Watermen’s Hall, xxxiii, 19: see Watermen
Wear, river, 155 n.
Weights and measures, 389
Welbeck abbey, Nottinghamshire, 375
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st duke, 195, 228 n., 234, 356 n., 384
Wells, Norfolk, 101
West, Vice-Admiral Temple, 120 n.
West Indies, xii, 34, 161, 189 n.; voyages, 47, 78, 153, 157, 189 n., 309, 390: Hosier’s squadron (1726), xxiv, 73–4, 75; naval stations, 115, 136, 250, 372, 382: crew of St. Domingo, 352; French, 334: see separate islands
Western barges, 25
Weymouth, Dorset, 23, 38, 100
Whalers, xxxv n..150
Wherries, 197
Whitby, Yorkshire, 344
White, Mr. (of Cowes), yacht-builder, 231 n.
Whitehaven, Cumberland, 344
Whitewashers, 252
Widows, 13, 150 n., 341 n.; of navy men, xxxii, 45, 62, 63, 64–5, 90, 105, 108, 143, 368; warrant officers, 142 n., 365: R.N.R., 368; see Families
Wight, Isle of, 197, 374, 381: see Cowes, St. Helen’s
Wilberforce, Samuel (M.P.), xvii n., xxii n., 161 n., 387
Willes, Captain G. O., 322 n.; for R.N.R. enquiry, see Mayo
William I, king, 300–1
William III, king, xxvi, 2, 16 n., 91, 375–6, 379
William IV, king, 188 n., 384: see Clarence
Williamson, John, Liverpool Shipowners Committee, 326 n.
Wills, of seamen, 59–60
Wilson, Captain J. C., xiv n., xiv n., xlvii n.
Winchester, Hampshire, 381
Wisbech, Huntingdon, 101
Wivenhoe, Essex, 101
Wood, Sir Charles (M.P.), 1st Viscount Halifax, 195 n., 203 n., 372, 390
Wood, Captain Thomas, xxii n.
Wood, William, 388
Woodbridge, Suffolk, 102
Woolwich, Dockyard, 207
Worthing, Sussex, xxxvi n.
Wyndham, Sir William (M.P.), xxx
Yachts, named:
Corsair, 230
Galatea, 230
Talisman, 230
Waterwitch, 230, 231 n.
Wyvern, 230 n.
Zephyretta, 230 n.
Yachts, naval, 59, 103; for pressing, 18, 66; for pleasure, 228 sqq., 375, 380: clubs, 227, 230–1, 381
Yarborough, C. A. Worsley, 2nd earl, 231
Yarmouth, Norfolk, 23, 102, 157, 344, 390
Yates, Lieutenant E. V., 120 n.
Yeomanry: see Militia
Yeomen, 251; of signals, 349; boatswain’s, 351; carpenter’s, 351
Yonge, Sir George (M.P.), xl n.
York, England, 375, 386
Born in 1913, John Selwyn Bromley was educated at Bedford School and at New College, Oxford, before serving briefly as a lecturer at the University of Liverpool before the outbreak of war. He joined the Civil Service and was Private Secretary to the Financial Secretary to the Treasury between 1941 and 1946. He was Fellow in Modern History at Keble College, Oxford, between 1947 and 1960, and Professor of Modern History at the University of Southampton, between 1960 and 1977. He published widely and is best known for Volume VI of the New Cambridge Modern History, published in 1970. He was a keen promoter of Anglo-Dutch historical studies, and initiated a series of conferences in this field; as a result, he was made a Commander of the Order of Orange-Nassau in 1976. He was elected an honorary Vice-President of the Society for Nautical Research in 1981, and died in Southampton on 17 April 1985, aged 71.
Publications include:
• Corsairs and Navies, 1660-1760, 1987
• The Clockmakers’ Library : the catalogue of the books and manuscripts in the library of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers, 1977
• The Manning of the Royal Navy : selected public pamphlets, 1693-1873 (Navy Records Society), 1974-1976
• Statesmen, Scholars and Merchants : essays in eighteenth-century history presented to Dame Lucy Sutherland, 1973
• New Cambridge Modern History – Volume VI – The Rise of Great Britain and Russia, 1688-1715, 1970
• William III and Louis XIV : Essays 1680-1720, 1968
• Britain and the Netherlands : Papers delivered to the Anglo-Dutch Historical Conference, 1962, 1964
• History and the Younger Generation : an inaugural lecture delivered at the University on 28th November, 1961, 1962
• The Armorial Bearings of the Guilds of London : a record of the heraldry of the surviving companies with historical notes, 1960
• The Man of Ten Talents : A Portrait of Richard Chenevix Trench, 1807-86; Philologist, Poet, Theologian, Archbishop, 1959
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