How should the Royal Navy be manned? Was impressment the best answer to this question? Was the seizure of men off the streets by Press Gangs acceptable to a freedom-loving society? What was the alternative?
This issue provoked considerable debate, especially with reference to the Georgian and Victorian Navy, and attracted the attention, not only of naval officers to whom it was an essential matter of vital concern, but also of politicians, administrators, and influential voices in the City and the Press. Professor Bromley examines this important subject through the medium of twenty-five separate and complete pamphlets that were written and publicly circulated between 1693 and 1873. The authors of these pamphlets range from admirals, captains, commanders, lieutenants, and a naval chaplain to a City liveryman, a Middlesex JP, and celebrated philanthropist. Biographies of these authors are provided.
To read the whole book please Become A Member.
INDEX [Footnotes are cited only when no related reference is made to the page above.] Aberconwy, Caernarvon, 101 Aberdeen, Scotland, xix «., 102, 344 Aberdovey, Merioneth, 101 Aberthaw, Glam., 101 Able Seamen, naval, xxxi, xl, 15 «., 26-7, 36, 43, 86, 89, 95-6, 103, 142, 147, 154-5, 193, 207 //., 289, 293-4, 339 «., 341 //., 347 sqq. benefits, 182-3, 190 «., 359, 387: Coast Blockade, 361; definition, 27 «., 153 n., 158, 178-9, 201, 223 /?., 285-7, 361; leading men, 143, 199, 350; punishment, 119-20; as rating, 20, 53, 62, 78 /?., 114, 148 n.< 163, 176, 201, 214-15, 248 w., 260, 266, 304, 307-8, 319, 327, 349; R.N.R., xlvi, 285-7, 289, 367, 370 «.; wages, 141 /?.; see Pay, Petty Officers, Royal Navy Acre, bombardment (1840), 229, 372, 377 Admiralty, Board of, xviii-xix, xxiv-v, 21, 24, 26 /i., 29, 30, 39, 50, 52, 55, 89, 91, 93-4, 95-7, 112, 151-2, 185,204,211,231 w., 234/i., 258 «., 282, 374, 387, 392; and Bd. of Trade, xli, 236, 239, 290-1; and Carmarthen, 375-6; Coastguard, 240 n., 256 «., 275; Continuous Service, 246 n., 247 w.; convoys, 40; and Crosfeild, 1-10, 378-9; manning, xxxvi /?., 72, 75-7, 86, 105-6, 116-7, 144, 148, 151-2, 195-6, 199, 318 «., 359, 372; Marine Plan, xli, 343, 344 «.; messes, 265; militia, xxxvii, 282; nautical schools, 103, 318, 323; R.N.R., xlvi-vii, 290-1, 302, 315, 325 «.; Solicitor, 61; and Tagus, 280 n. Admiralty colleges, in United Provinces, 80 Admiralty courts, in France, 332 sqq., Brittany, 333 n. Admiralty, High Court of, 17 «.; Judge, 34 n. Advanced ships, 208 «., 226 /?.; see Demonstration ships Affleck, Lt. Philip, 120 n. Africa, naval station, 224, 231 «., 305, 380; Guinea, 96; the Cape, 250, 309 Afterguard, 252,262,350; captains, 142,268,349 Ages, of seamen on St. Domingo, 353; of marines, 353; of boys, 353 Aldershot, Hants., 254 Ale-houses, 29 «., 75; licences for wives of volunteers, 45; at docks, 112; extortion by keepers, 107 Algiers, bombardment (1816), 380 Allotment Acts (1758, 1795, 1806), xxx, xxxii, xxxvii, 111 n., 155, 183; see Families America, North, naval station, 309, 372, 383; South, naval station, 309, 373, 381 American independence, effects on manning, 130, 160; war of, xxiii, xl, 145, 158; see United States Amiens, peace of (1802), 156, 172 Amphibious operations, xxxviii, 118, 229, 253-4 Amsterdam Gazette, The, 84 n. Angers, France, 391 Anne, queen, xxvi Anson, Adm. Geo., baron, 120 H.; Barrow’s Life, 195-6, 356 Apothecaries, 98, 99 n. Apprentices, 45, 62 n. in dockyards, 97-8, 121, 264; to fishery, 54; merchant service, xv, xli, xlv-vi, 13, 43, 46 w., 49 sqq., 95, 98, 99 n., 155-6, 189-90, 238, 304, 337-8, 344-5; naval, 46 sqq., 62-3, 65-7, 261; numbers, xv, 152, 157-8, 326 «., 360; parish, 46 sqq.. 65-8, 192, 360; and pressing, 152, 157; and R.N.R., 367; compulsory, xv, xlvi, 238, 310, 317, 324 n., 326-7, 360; French, 334 Aquatics, xxxiii Armourers, 117, 264, 348, 351; mate, 348, 351 Army: see Soldiers Army and Navy Gazette, The, xviii n. Arnold-Forster, H. O. (M.P.), 234 n. Artificers, xlv n., 218, 245, 259, 263, 319 «., 320-1, 347 sqq.; see Armourers, Caulkers, Carpenters, Coopers, Joiners, Painters, Plumbers, Ropemakers, Sailmakers, Turners Artillery Volunteers (1874-91), xvii Arundel, Sussex, 100 Astley, Sir Edw. (M.P.), xl n. Attorney General, 61, 68 Attorney, powers of, 45, 50, 55, 59, 60 «., 81, 83 «., 90, 97 /?., 115, 136 Auckland, George Eden, 1st earl, xxi «., 204, 235 n., 280 «., 372 Australia, railways, 328 Ayr, Scotland, 344 Azores, the, 280 n. Badges, xxxiv, 44, 89, 216-17, 267 «., 268 «., 307-8; good conduct, 267-9; petty officers, 145, 267 «., 364; badge-money, 307, 309 Bailiffs, 24 sqq., 74, 77 Ballot, xvi «., xxxvi, xlii, 149-50, 183 n., 188, 279, 281, 283-4; see Militia Baltic Sea, 78, 185, 228, 302 n., 373; Rooke (1700), xxxii; Wager (1726), 74-5; Saumarez (1808-9), 384; Napier (1854), 245, 246 n., 275, 279, 303, 372, 377; trade, 11 n., 153 Bamburgh, Northumberland, 102 n. 393 394 INDEX Bandsmen, 251, 270 Banff, Scotland, 102 Bantry bay, action (1689), 391 Barbados, 34 Barbers, 29 n., 352 Barges, 11 n., 25; bargemen, xxxiii, 44, 83 n. Barham, Chas. Middleton, 1st baron, 151 n., 152 n., 153 n., 387 Baring, Sir Francis T. (later Lord Northbrook), xiv n., xv, 296, 320 n., 372, 373 Barks, 333, 336 Barmouth, Merioneth, 344 Barnardiston, Sir Sam. (M.P.), 378 Barnstaple, Devon, 100 Barracks, xxxv, xliv, 259, 321 n., 348; in lieu of hulks, 381 Barrington, W. W. (M.P.), 2nd viscount, xxxiv, 99 n. Barrow, Sir Jn., Adm. Sec., xiv n., xix, 142 n., 145 «., 195-6, 201 n., 356-62, 372, 383, 388 Baston, Sam., author, 378-9 Batavian Republic, privateering against (1803-4), 362 Bdtmanshdll, in Sweden, 81 n. Bdtmansindelning, in Sweden, 81 n., Beaufoy, Henry (M.P.), xl Beaumaris, Anglesey, 101, 344 Bedding, 59, 62, 78, 108, 182, 192, 202, 210, 212, 215, 245, 341, 364, 368, 371 Belgrade, siege (1719), 385 Benefit clubs, xliii n.: see Friendly Societies Berkeley, Adm. G. C., 17th baron, 372 Berkeley, Hon. Grantley F., 373 Berkeley, Adm. Jas., 3rd earl, 84 n., Berkeley, Rt. Hon. Sir M. F. F. (1st Baron Fitzhardinge), admiral, xlvii, 195-203, 246 n., 372-3 Bermuda, xxi, 243, 380, 390 Berwick-on-Tweed, 102, 344, 375 Bills of sale, forged for ships, 27, 44 Black Sea, operations in (1854), 278-9, 303; shipbuilding, 383 Blake, Capt. Jn, author, xxxvi-vii Blakeney, Norfolk, 102 Blockade Service: see Coast Blockade Blockships, 204, 206 Bluejackets, xiv, xiv, xlvii, 96, 202, 249, 294, 320 Board of Trade, xli, xlv-vi, 236, 237 n., 238^10, 306-7, 319 n.’, and R.N.R., xli, xlvii n., 290-1, 299 n., 302, 305, 313, 325 Boatmen, xxxiii n., 178; see Fishermen Boatswains, 14, 53, 81, 112, 117, 183, 191, 258, 308, 348; mates, 116-18, 251, 268, 349-50; yeoman, 351; as examiners, 248 «.; pay, 141, 155 n. Bombay, presidency, 170 n. Bo’ness, W. Lothian, 102 Bodmin, Cornwall, xviii n. Bonds, by shipmasters 22, 33 Boscawen, Adm. Hon. Edw., xxxv, 120 n., 387 Bosporus, 279 n., 381 Boston, Lines., 102; Mass., 382 Boulogne, 178, 303 Bounties, royal, 18, 45, 64-6, 93, 148-9, 154, 155 n., 163, 165 n., 176, 183, 188 n., 192 n., 235, 274, 282, 284 n., 303-4; abuses, 137-9; Act of 1835, 358; cost, 137, 158 n., 304 marines, 167-9; Coast Volunteers and R.N.R., 277; to contractors, 137-8; from corporations, xxxvi-vii n., 154, 155 n.; from individuals, 154 sqq.’, bounty pay (Cleeve), 96-7, 103; Marine Plan, 337 Bounty men, xlii: see Quota Acts Bowles, Gen. Sir Geo., 374 Bowles, Adm. Sir Wm., iv, xix, xxii, xxxvii, xlvii, 222, 274-84, 373-4; Heads of a Bill (1854), 281-4, 374 Boys, for navy, xv, xliv—vi, 19, 46 sqq., 120, 190 sqq., 198-9, 202, 218, 246-8, 259-63, 273, 293, 305, 311, 314, 321, 360, 381; advantages of, 47, 50, 190-1, 260; brigs’ boys, 260; discipline, 270; instruction, 47 sqq., 190, 315; Marine Plan, 337-8; numbers, 248 n., 250-2, 320-2, 347, 349 sqq.; in Coastguard, 297; prize money, 163; as ratings, 46-7, 192, 199, 252, 261 n., 320; St. Domingo, 353; wages, 47, 53, 55, 59, 62-3, 67; France, 79 «., 336; see Apprentices, Guardians, Marine Society, Nautical Schools, Pay, Servants, Training ships Brassey, Thos, baron (1886) and 1st earl, author, xiv, xvii, xliv «., xlvi, 323 n., 324 n., 328 n. Brassey, Thos. (elder), 328 Brest, xxix n., 42, 375, 391 Brett, Chas. (M.P.), xli, 337 n. Bridgenorth, Salop., 101 Bridlington, Yorks., 101 Bristol, England, xxxiii n., 38, 101, 191, 195, 232, 245, 247, 344 British Gazetteer, The, 388 British Guiana, 380 Brittany, 330, 333 Brixham, Devon, 100 Broadfoot, Alex., case of (1743), 72 n., 356 n. Brown, Capt. J. H., iv, xiv, xvi, xvii n., xviii, xxii n., xxvii n., xxviii n., xxx n., xxxiii, xxxix, xliv, xiv n., xlvi n., xlvii, 238 n., 242 «., 261 n., 285 n. Bruce, Rear-Adm. H. W., 377 Buckingham, J. S. (M.P.), xxii n. Buenos Aires, iv, 233 Bullion, 5, 390 Bumboats, 270 Burchett, Josiah, Adm. Sec., xxiii, xxviii n., xxxi n., 19 n., 376 Burdett, Sir Francis (M.P.), xvii, 176 Burry, Carmarthen, inlet and port, 101 Burton, Capt. J. Ryder, author, 196 Butler, Chas., author, xxiv n., xxix «., xxxi «., 128-9, 16 In. Byng, Adm. Sir Geo.: see Torrington Cadiz, blockade, 190, 375, 383 Caernarvon, Wales, 101 Cairnbulg, Aberdeenshire, 102 Caithness, Scotland, xxxvi n. Calais, 178 Callao, Peru, 385 Campbeltown, Argyll, 344 Captain of the head, 351 Captains, commissioned, xxiv, xxvii, 20, 39, 47, 53, 55, 67, 96-7, 106-7, 117, 140 n., 208, 210, 225, 272, 289, 306, 348; duties defined, INDEX 395 112-13; clerk, 112, 120, 144 «., 348; servants, 66-7, 266; cook and steward, 265-6, 351; paperwork, 57-8, 105, 111—14; and punishment, 119-20, 185-7, 236 n., 262 n. relations with crews, 120, 141 «., 142, 210-11, 219, 222-3; and messes, 265-6; and manning, 198 «., 210, 216, 247, 260-3, 273, 314, 350; press warrants, 152 «.; prize money, 146, 359, 391; half-pay, 21, 314; Venetian, 79; Dutch, 80-1 Captains of the afterguard, 142, 268, 349; of the forecastle, 142, 349; of the hold, 349, 351; of the mast, 349; of the mizenmast, 262; of the tops, 142, 199, 268, 349; of the waist, 142 Cardwell, Edw. (M.P.), 1st viscount, xiii, xlvi «., 366, 374 Cardigan, Wales, 101 Carlisle, Cumberland, 101 Carmarthen, Hon. P. Osborne, 2nd marquess, xxx H., 42-5, 374-6, 378 Carpenters, 4, 15 «., 43, 53, 112, 117, 191, 218, 245, 258, 264, 348, 350; mates, 348; yeoman, 351; crew, 348; pay, 141, 155 «.; French, 330 Cartagena, Colombia, expedition (1741), 382 Catherine II, empress of Russia, 126 n. Caulkers, 21, 22, 24-6, 29, 35, 37, 212, 264, 348 352 Certificates, of conduct, 214-16, 238-40, 247, 255, 272, 358; discharge, 242 n. Marine Plan, 338, 341-5; master’s and mate’s, 238-9 n.’, R.N.R., 285-6; of registry (1696), xxxii; French, 332, 334; see Good conduct stripes Chads, Adm. Sir H. D., xliv Chadwick, Lt.-Cmdr. F. E. (U.S.N.), xlv n. Chandos, R. Chandos-Grenville, marquis of, later 3rd duke of Buckingham and C., 366 Channel, English, xv, 184; squadron, 226 «., 278, 288-9, 294-5, 303-4, 363 n. Chaplains, naval, 49, 70, 191, 348, 391-2; groats, 392 Charities, xxviii, 110, 120 n., 121, 193, 240, 386; see Marine Society Charles II, king, 376 Charterparties, as protections, 27 Chatham, dockyard, 105, 139, 178, 191, 207, 232, 375-8, 391, 392; Chest, 28, 47 Chatham, Sir Jn. Pitt, 2nd earl, 151 Chelsea Hospital, 144 Cheltenham, Glos., xviii n. Chester, England, 101 Chetwynd, Lt. H. W., xliv n. Chichester, Sussex, 100 Childers, Erskine, novelist, 234 n. Childers, Hugh C. E. (M.P.), 275 «., 300, 305, 314 «., 377, 385 China, 389; 1st opium war, 258, 380; naval station, 258; Canton, 317 «., 380 Christ’s Hospital, 97 Christchurch, Hants., 100 Churchwardens, xxxiii, 25 «., Ill, 389; and parish apprentices, 46 sqq. French, 331 Cinque Ports, 43, 300 «., 301-2: see Dover, etc. Clarence, H.R.H. Prince William, duke of, 145 «., 236 n. see William IV Clarke, Dr. Rd., author, xxi, 119 «., 144 n. Classes, Maritime, in France: see Inscription Cleeve, Alexander, pewterer, 376 Cleeve, Bourchier, xxxv, 95-103, 376-7 Clergy, and parish apprentices, 46 sqq., 60-1, 67; power to prove seamen’s wills, 60; marriage of navy men, 64; certificates, 111; see Chaplains Clerkenwell, 379, 388-9; taphouse, 98 n. Cley, Norfolk, 102 Clothing, by Marine Society, 99; of seamen, see Slops Coal, prices, 6, 7, 15 «., 157; chaldrons shipped, 14, 157; levies on, 14, 300; trade, 382; see Colliers Coast Blockade, 201, 360-1 Coast defence: see Invasion Coastguard Service, xxxviii /?., xlv n., 240, 279, 282, 321 «.; transfer from Customs, 240 «., 256 «., 275, 373; Comptroller, 275, 361; Coast Blockade, 201, 360-1; as reserve, xxxvi, 254-6, 259, 295-9, 312, 318 w., 322, 361-2; size, 248-9, 251, 254 «., 256, 275, 296-9, 312, 361, 363-4; ashore, 255, 261, 275, 277-8, 297-9, 322, 361; ships, 277, 297-9; establishment, 277, 297; cost, 275, 277, 296-7, 364; and pensions, 263, 277, 297-8; and R.N.R., 287, 289-91, 293, 364 n., 368; Crimean War, 245, 255-6, 275, 303 Cobden, Rd. (M.P.), xviii n., xxx, 276 n. Cochrane, Hon. and Rev. Jas,. xxii Cochrane, Adm. Sir Thos. J., 222 «., 377 Coffee-houses, xxix, 45, 392 Coke, Sir Edw., “Lord”, xxix «., 129 Colbert, Jn.-Bapt., xxix n., 330 n. Colchester, Essex, 101 Coleman, E. H., chief clerk to Reg. Gen. of Seamen, 286 n., 289 n. Coles, Capt. C. P. C., author, xliii, xlvi n. Colliers, xxxiv, 6-7, 43, 156, 262; manning of, 13-15, 156; pressing from, 4, 6, 151 sqq.’, pressing for, 13-14; nursery, 157; wages, 4, 7, 13-14, 91, 153, 156-7, 339 n. see Coal Collingwood, Vice-Adm. Cuthbert, 1st baron, 190-1, 194 Colonies, 5, 177-8, 181, 314, 357, 386; indentured servants, 34; French, 334 Combinations, between seamen, xlii, 153 «., 164 Commanders (rank), 207, 225, 244, 258, 265, 270, 271 n., 273, 287 n., 306, 362; proposed abolition, 374 Commissaries of the Classes, in France, 79, 330 sqq. Commons, House of, 195 n., 231 n., 275 «., 300, 311, 318, 372, 391; and Crosfeild, 378-9; and manning, xiv n., xvi-vii, xxii, xxxiv-vi, xxxix— xlii, 135 «., 140, 175, 177, 203 «., 244 n., 254 «., 337 «., 359; Select Committee on Admiralty (1861), 196 /i., 246 «., 373-4; see Marine Plan, Parliament Complements, of men-of-war, in peace, 197 sqq., 248 sqq., 361; in war, 347 sqq. see Boys, Divisions, Marines, Standing Navy Compton, Hy., bishop of London, 392 Conduct money, xxxvi, 18, 56, 66, 79, 284, 340-1; to R.N.C.V. and R.N.R., 277 Connolly, Capt. M., xxi, xlii, 244-73, 377 Connolly, Gen. W. H., R.M., 377 Conscription, xiii, xxix, xxx, xxxvii, 179, 232; see Impressment, Inscription Maritime 396 INDEX Constable, Jn., painter, xliii Constables, 14, 24, 25 /?., 35, 43, 342; and parish apprentices, 46 sqq. levies, 63 Consuls, and merchant seamen, xxxiv /?., xliv, 237 «., 240, 314; assistance to shipmasters, 33; Elliot in Texas, 380; French, 331, 334-5 Continuous Service, xv, xix «., xxxix, xliv, 205, 214 sqq., 244 «., 259-61, 266, 381; described, 320; Cleve, xxxv; Pennell, xv, 371; Elliot, 242; artificers, 264; early intake, xlii, 245 sqq., 259-60, 274, 295 w., 321; numbers in 1864, 320; in 1866 and 1871, 321 //.; extra pay, 266-7 Convoys, 59, 375; evasion of, 362; inadequacy, 5, 6, 40; of pressed men, 9; Smyrna, 8 n. Cooks, 117. 183, 191, 348, 351; mates, 35, 351; see Mess, Shifters Coopers, 117, 264, 348, 351-2; mate, 351; crew, 348 Copenhagen, 373 Corbett, Thos., Adm. Sec., 17 n. Cork, Ireland, 191, 206 n. Cornbury, Edw. Hyde, 3rd viscount, 378 Corry, Hon. H. T. L. (M.P.), 254 w., 303 Courts martial, xvi /?., xxiv //., 119, 144, 342 /i., 374 Corvettes, 197, 200 Cowes, Isle of Wight, 100, 230, 231 n. Coxswain, of the launch, 349; captain’s, 349 Crew lists, in France, 333-4; Maydman, xxv rc.; St. Lo, 22-3, 33-4; Marine Plan, xli, 338 Crime, 35, 62-3, 128, 138, 190, 389; arising from press, 43, 76-7; discharged seamen, 92; impersonating relatives, 111; juveniles, xliv, 59, 61, 99 M., 323-4; navy, 120, 246, 269-71, 323-4; navy families, 49, 107-8; see Pirates, Police Crimean War, xv, xxxviii, xlii, 245, 246 «., 255-6, 274-5, 278-9, 295, 303, 319, 322, 381 Crimpage, 95 «., 156, 157 Crimps, xliii, 109, 137-9 Crisp, Capt. M. F., author, xvii, xliii Croker, J. W., Adm. Sec., iv, xvii //. Cromarty, Ross and C., 344 Crosfeild, R., xxiv /?., xxviii, xxxiv, 1-11, 377-80 Cruisers, xxxii, xxxiv, 17, 32, 40; American, 180 Cullen Harbour, Banff, 102 Cumberland fleet, 387 Custom-houses, 1, 34 «., 44, 147-9, 153, 154; sloops, 66; Registrar General of Seamen, 359; of Customs, 360 n. Customs, Board of, 290, 388; duties, 8, 17, 71; officers, xlvi, 9-10, 17, 240 n., 361; collectors, 10, 11 «., 14, 19, 111 «., 314-15, 387; surveyors, 9-10; port registrars, 359; and R.N.R., 285 «., 290, 367 n.; see Coastguard, Revenue Cyprus, as naval station, 385 Danby, Thos. Osborne, 1st earl, 4, 374-6 Dance, Commodore Nathaniel, 317 Dartmouth, Devon, 100 Dartmouth, Geo. Legge, 1st baron, 391 Deal, Kent, 100 Debts, of seamen, 43, 60-3, 78, 90, 98; France, 333 Deer-stealers, 35 Defence, Royal Commission (1860), 374 Defoe, D., iv, xvii, xxiv /?., xxvi, xxviii, xxxii, xlii, 26 n. Delinquents, juvenile: see Crime Demobilization: see Unemployment Demonstration ships, xxxviii, 208 Denman, Adm. Hon. Joseph, xxxvii, xxxix, xlv «., 150 /i., 242 «., 380 Denmark, 75 n. Danes on St. Domingo, 352; Elizabeth, 355 n. Dennis, Jn., author, xxxi-ii, xxxiii, 29 n. Deptford, dockyard, 376; see Trinity House Deputy Lieutenants, of counties, 282-3, 381 Dering, Ann, 379 Deserters, from navy, xxvii «., 29, 32, 33, 43, 66 /?., 78, 98, 105, 109, 114, 115, 120, 125, 137, 139, 142 n., 153, 156, 224, 235, 241, 262, 263, 304, 342 «., 345 /*.; France, 333, 335 Devonport, dockyard, xviii, 260 n. Dieppe, 178 Disablement, of seamen, xxxii, 5,9, 11 «., 45, 78, 144, 146, 150 n., 157, 165, 183, 238, 348 n. Marine Plan, xl, 339-40; Dutch, 81; see Greenwich, Pensions Discipline, naval, xvii, xix, xxix /7., xliii, xlvi, 78, 114, 119-20, 125, 141-2, 185-7, 198, 206, 209-10, 217 sqq.i 245-6, 385, 387-8; a definition, 314; divisions, 114, 116-19; defaulters’ books, 270; Act of 1866, 236 «., 310; Sweden, 82; see Certificates, Courts martial, Deserters, Martial law, Mutinies, Police, Punishment Disfranchisement, as penalty, 44; for naval duties, 99 Divisions, of navy, 106, 110; of ship’s company, 114, 116-19; battalions, 381 Dockers, displace crews, 197, 213-14, 360 Dockyards, xxxiv-v, xxxvi «., 4 «., 204 sqq., 223, 263-4, 273; Commissioners, 32, 59, 105-7, 112, 391; Master of Attendance, 59; Clerks of the Cheque, 106, 111 n. Adm. Superintendent, 206, 264; refits, 17, 25, 32, 109, 192, 205, 208-12, 220, 377, 391; labour, 25, 29, 32, 37, 105-6, 109, 204 sqq., 310, 391; pressing for, 25, 37; employment of reservists, xxxiv-v, 87, 105, 234 «., 263; tied houses, 105-11; chips, 110 Doctors’ Commons, 17 Dogger Bank, action (1781), 387 Dolben, Sir Wm (M.P.), xl Dormant commissions, 376 Douglass, Cmdr. Jas, 120 n. Dover, Kent, 100, 178, 197, 301, 344; straits, 378 Downs, the, 17, 157, 245, 361, 382, 387 Dryden, Jn., poet, 104 n. Dublin, 132 /*., 191; Ballast Board, 240 n. Dumfries, Scotland, 102, 344 Dunbar, E. Lothian, 102 Dundas, Vice-Adm. J. E. D., 279 n. Dundas, Vice-Adm. Sir R. Saunders, xxxvii, 284 w., 381 Dundee, Angus, 102, 344 Dunkirk, xxix «., 179, 330 n. Eardley-Wilmot, Cmdr. A. P., author, iv, xx, xlii, 259 n. INDEX 397 East Indies, voyages, xl «., 47, 90, 96, 136, 156, 166 H., 153, 156, 166, 317, 375, 383; Ostend Company, 73; naval station, 380; Marine Plan, 339; see China, India Eboranos: see Robe Ecrivain du Roy, 113 Eddystone lighthouse, 391 Edinburgh, xxxvi «., 387-8 Edinburgh Review, The, xviii «., xxiii, xlii n. Education, Act of 1870 316 n. bills for, 316; National League and Union, 316; see Gunnery, Nautical Schools, Schoolmasters, Seamanship, Training ships Edward the Confessor, king, 300 Edwards, Rear-Adm. Rd., 137 n. Egmont, Sir Jn. Perceval, 2nd earl (M.P.), xxxv, 386 Elections, ministerial influence, xxxv, 99 n. see Disfranchisement Elliot, Adm. Sir Chas., xxi, xxxvii-viii, 235-43, 380 Elliot, Adm. Sir Geo., 380 Elphinstone, Sir James D. H. (M.P.), 366 Elton, Rd., author, xxvi n. Embargoes, on outward shipping, xlii, 4, 7-9, 10, 42, 74; in Holland, 80; see Shipping delays Emergency money, 311-12 Employment, 6, 23 «., 216, 241, 310; of reservists, xxxiv-v, 87-8, 94, 105 sqq., 116, 148, 234 «., 341; navy wives, 45, 63, 106, 110; fugitives from press, 152; keelmen, 155 n.; officers, 202; after pay-off, 216-19, 263; see Crimps, Dockyards, Unemployment Engineers, naval, 240 Enlistment Act (1835), xiii, xx, xxiii, 188 «., 192 n., 223 «., 247 n., 358, 365; (1853), xiii, 292, 365, 372: see Graham, Limited Service, Seamen Pensioner Reserve Enlistment, voluntary, xvi, xxx-i, xxxv-vii, xl, xlii «., 50, 62-3, 77-8, 83 w., 86, 89, 93, 116, 128, 147-9, 154, 158, 165-6, 169, 182, 190, 194, 238, 246, 282, 357-8; re-enlistment, 214 s^.,328; R.N.R., 368; Holland, 80-1; Sweden, 82; see Reserves, Volunteers Erskine, Adm. J. E., xiii, 312 «., 315 Everett, Geo., shipbuilder and author, xxiv, xxxiii, xlii ;i., 23 ii., 25 «., 30 «., 31 «., 377, 378 Exchequer, Bills (Notes), 45; Auditorship, 376 Excise, collectors, 111 «., 379 Exercises, naval, 211, 220-2, 280-1, 316, 361, 373; manoeuvres, xlvii /?., 198, 280; gun-drill, 202, 207, 248, 257-8, 308; sword, 202, 288; small arms, 288 Exeter, Devon, 100, 380 Eyemouth, Berwick, 102 Falkland Is., crisis of 1770-1, xxiii, xxxv Falmouth, Cornwall, 100, 260 /?., 344 Families of navy men, xxvii, xxxii, xxxvii, 16, 26 n., 29, 31, 45, 59-65, 73, 75, 78, 87, 93, 97, 105-11, 114-15, 136, 150/7., 158, 341; allotment of wages, xxxii, 45, 59-60, 63, 91, 106, 110-11, 115-16, 155, 182-3, 284; pensions, 142 w., 143, 341 n.’, bounties, 155; prize money, 164; married quarters, xxxv, 105 sqq. Dutch, 81; Swedish, 81-2; see Attorney, Nautical Schools, Privileges, Widows Fareham, Hants., xviii «., 387 Fellowship of British Seamen: see Marine Plan Ferguson, Sir Adam (M.P.), xl Ferry boats, 25, 331 Fielding, Sir Jn., magistrate, 109 Fisher, Adm. Sir Jn. (later Lord), iii, xvi, xlvii Fisheries, xxv, xxxvi «., 54, 93, 102 «., 179, 193, 226 >?., 236, 238, 386 Fishermen, xxxiii, xxxvi «., 44, 54, 83 «., 150, 154, 155 «., 178, 260-2, 291, 293, 352; and R.N.R., 289 «., 308 «., 369 «., 371; Company, 44 «.; French, 178-9, 232-3, 293, 366 Fishing boats, 11 «., 25, 54, 66, 75, 262; see Oyster-cocks, Smacks, Trawl-boats Fitzhardinge, Hon. Craven (M.P.), 195 n. Fitzhardinge, Hon. M.F. (M.P.), 195 «., Flag officers, 55, 196, 199, 358; dockyards, 206, 264; prize money, 146-7, 359; pamphlet offenders, xix Flagships, xliv, 199, 212, 226 «., 248, 320 n. Fleming, T. J. Willis, xvii, xxxviii, 227-34, 380-1 Florida, 386 Foot’s Cray, Kent, 377 Forecastlemen, 251, 350 Foremastmen, xxx /z., 96; captains, 142, 349 Foretopmen, 251, 350 Forrest, Capt. Thos.,. 225 n. Fortescue, Sir Jn., author, xxix n. Fosdyke, Lines, 102 Foster, Sir Mich., Recorder of Bristol, later judge, 72 «., 356 Fowey, Cornwall, 100 France, 3, 27, 37, 87, 131, 165, 178-9, 261, 276, 280 «., 352, 378, 385; navy, xv, xxix, xxx, xxxv, xlii /;., 37-8, 41, 79, 145, 161, 166, 173, 178-9, 180-1, 195 «., 228, 230, 232, 259 «., 289, 294-5, 300; fishermen, 178-9, 232-3, 293, 336; trade, 116, 179, 233, 384; as ally, xxxviii, 233; disputes with, xxiv, 37, 41, 90, 161, 173, 177 w., 228 «., 229, 233^1, 293; privateering against (1803-4), 362; taxes, 331, 333; Farmers, 331; colonies, 334; see Inscription, Privateers Frankland, Adm. Sir Thos. (M.P.), 373 Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire, 102 Freeholder, A, Essay (1791) xxii, 140 n. Freeholder’s Journal, The, 388 French Revolution, wars of, 145, 150, 161 /?., 162, 172, 180, 184-5, 189, 228, 278, 372-3, 383-4, 387 Friendly Societies, xxviii, 368, 370 Filrstenbund (1785), 126-7 Funds, the: see National Debt Frederick II, king of Prussia, 126 /?., 386 Frigates, 118, 123, 144, 165, 180, 197-8, 200, 202, 244, 250, 257-8, 260, 271, 362, 373; razees, 197 n. Gage, Thos., 1st viscount (M.P.), xxxv n. Galleys, 302 Gambier, Adm. Sir Jas., 1st baron, 373 Game laws, 35 Gander, Jos., author, xxv n. Gardner, Capt. G. H., xiii, xxvi, xliii «., xlvii 398 INDEX Gaselee, Rob., 391 Gazette, The London, 1 George I, king, 85-6, 94 Gentleman’s Magazine, The, xxiii n., 389 General register, proposed for seamen, xxix-xxx, xxxiii, xxxv «., xl, xlii n., 21 sqq., 337 sqq.’, see Registration Act (1835) George II, king, 386; accession speech, xxiv, 82 n. George III, king, 126 «.; petition to (1770), xxiii; see Hanover Georgia, and Oglethorpe, 386 Germans, on St. Domingo, 352-3; see Hanover, Prussia Gibraltar, 250 Gibson, Rd., 378 Gilmore Cmdr. A. H., xlvii, 300-17, 381; Naval Reserve, 306 sqq. Glasgow, 102, 344 Gloucester, England, xxxiii n., 372 Good conduct stripes, 259, 267-9, 306, 308; see Certificates Goodwin Sands, 382 Goschen, G. J. (M.P.), 1st viscount, 318-9, 321 n., 327 n. Gosport, Hants., xviii n., 230, 388 Gourly, Capt. Jn., author, iv, xviii n., xix n., xx, xxiii, xxxvi n., xlii, 188 n. Graham, Sir Jas. (M.P.), xiv n., xix n., xxii n., 146 n., 175 n., 229 n., 232 «., 247 n., 294, 358-9, 372, 374, 384 Gratuities, for long service, 242 Graves, S. R. (M.P.), xv, 318, 319 n., 324 n., 327 n. Graves, Lt. Thos., surveyor, 377 Gravesend, Kent, xxxiv, 24, 100 Gray, T., Bd. of Trade, 305 n., 371 n. Green, Jn., author of Marine Plan, xxxix Green, Rd., shipowner, 366 Greenwich, Royal Hospital, xxv n., xxviii, xxxii, 44, 45, 62, 78, 94, 143, 150, 165, 183, 190 n., 242; seamen’s sixpences, 47 n., 68, 106, 110, 345;out-pensioners, 143-4, 145 n., 165 n., 197, 387; schools, xliv «., 98, 183; R.N.R., xlvi, 287 Grey, Chas. (M.P.), later 2nd earl, xli, 384 Grey, Sir Edw. (later viscount): see Manning Enquiries Grey, Adm. Hon. Sir F. W., xv, xlvi, 318-29, 246 n., 381 Griffith, Rob., author, xxvi n. Griffiths, Capt. A. J., author, iv, xv, xviii n., xix n., xx, xxxviii n., xl n., xliii, 139 «., 165 n., 167 n. Grimsby, Lines., 101 Groats, chaplain’s, 392 Grog, xliii, 270 Gromets, 13, 46, 52-3, 54 Gruineard, Ross and Cromarty, 344 Guardians, of navy boys, 48 sqq., 53, 55, 57, 59, 68; Poor Law, 323 /?.; France, 333 Guard-ships, xxxvi n., 72 n., 73, 74 n., 83 n., 97, 103, 106, 109, 136, 152 n., 155-6, 206, 226 n., 246, 255, 256 n., 261, 273, 303, 361, 363 n., 392 Guernsey, C. I., 66, 102, 383 Gunboats, 281, 373 Gunners, 43, 81, 112, 117, 183, 191, 258, 348, 350; lieutenant, 248 «.; yeoman, 351; mates, 252, 349; quarter-gunners, 142; crew, 247, 250, 252, 269, 349; 1st class, 306, 308; seamengunners, 297, 303, 306, 308, 310, 358; pay, 141, 155 n., 364; French, 330 Gunnery, naval, xv, xxxviii, 202, 229, 231, 247-8, 250, 294, 319; gear, 209-10; gunboats, 281, 373; gun-wharfs, 264; instruction in, xxxiii, xliv n., 47-8, 50, 65, 191-2, 202, 207, 226 n., 231, 239, 248, 250, 257, 283, 295-6, 306, 308, 310, 373, 390; marines, 171; revolving guns, 390; R.N.R., xlvi, 277, 287-91; see Ships named, Excellent Gun-room: see Mess, Midshipmen Haddington, Thos. Hamilton, 9th earl, 373 Haisborough Gat, 382 Half-Pay schemes, xxxiv-v; Half-Pay Office, 116, 122; see Retainers Halifax, Chas. Montagu, 1st earl, 376 Haly, Lt. Rd. Standish, author, xviii n., xix «., xx Hamoaze, 303, 356 Hamond, Adm. Sir Graham E., xxi, xliii Hanley, Chas., author, xviii n. Hanover, Elector of, 126; Hanoverians on St. Domingo, 352-3 Hanway, Jonas, iv, xvii, xxxv, xlvi n., 109 n. Hardwicke, Adm. C. P. Yorke, 4th earl, xiii, 366: see Manning Enquiries Hardy, Vice-Adm. Sir Thos. M., 196 n. Harpooners, 150 n. Hartlepool, Durham, 102 Harwich, Essex, 101, 344 Haskey, Mr., apothecary, 99 n. Hastings, Sussex, 100, 301 Hastings, Adm. Sir Thos., 274 n., 374, 390 Havana, action (1748), 382; capture (1782), 387 Havre, Le, 179 Hawke, Adm. Edw., 1st baron, 383 Heacham, Norfolk, 101 Headboroughs, 24 sqq., 43 Health, of navy men, 47-8, 50, 54, 78, 105, 112, 114, 118, 170, 182, 202, 224, 257, 263, 341; of pressed men, xx n., 10, 12, 36, 47, 73-4, 90; home nursing, 105, 108—9; sick berth attendants, 266; France, xxix n., 334; see Disablement, Greenwich, Hospitals Highways, rates for, 63 Hodges, Sir Wm. xxiv n., xxviii, 378 Hodgskin, Thos., iv, xiii, xvii, xxi, xxiii, 141 n. Holders, 251; captain, 349, 351 Holland, 41, 73, 131, 177, 228, 376; navy, xxxvi, 80, 172; Dutch on St. Domingo, 352-3; fishery, 93; see Batavian Republic Holland, Patrick, xvii, 151-9, 381-2 Hollond, Jn., Discourses, xxvi n. Holy Island (Lindisfarne), Northumberland, 102 Hong Kong, 380 Hopkins, Rd. (M.P.), xl Horsley, Wm., author, xxxi n., xxxvi n. Hosier, Vice-Adm. Francis, 73 n., 86 n. Hospitals, 10, 11 n., 90, 98, 108, 120-1, 173 n., 257; substitute home nursing, 107; merchant seamen, 150 n., 240; see Chelsea, Greenwich, Health, Nautical Schools House-keepers, 43, 63: see Ale- and Coffeehouses, Innkeepers, Landladies INDEX 399 Houses, proposed for reservists, 105-11 Houston, Sam, president of Texan Republic, 380 Howe, Adm. Rd., earl, 151, 171 «., 359, 387 Hoys, for pressing, 18; others, 52, 67, 69 Hulks, xlv, 208, 212, 381 Hull, Yorks., 101, 232, 344 Hume, Joseph (M.P.), xvii Hythe, Kent, 100, 301 Idlers, 118, 218, 248-9, 251, 350-1: see Armourers, Barbers, Captain of the Head, Caulkers, Cooks, Coopers, Holders, Jack of the Dust, Landsmen, Master at Arms, Mess, Painters, Plumbers, Poulterer, Ropemakers, Sailmakers, Servants, Ship’s corporals, Sick berth. Stewards, Sweepers, Waisters, Yeomen Impress Service, xxviii, xxxvii w., 124, 151 «.; a vested interest, 124, 135, 139; size, 152 /?.; inspection (1782), 137; compositions with, 138-9, 155 «., 158; see Guard-ships, Pressgangs, Substitutes Impressment, Hi, xiii, xv-vi, xvii n., xix-xx, xxii-iv, xxviii, xxx-i, xxxiv, xxxvii-xl, 39, 69, 71 sqq., 90-1, 95, 114, 125 sqq., 147-8, 149 /?., 150, 157-9, 190, 193, 200, 229, 233, 235, 241, 279, 282 n., 356, 359, 365-6, 382; cost, 9, 17-20, 25-6, 28, 38-9, 41, 50, 66, 75, 83 w., 91, 95, 115, 137, 148, 163; diplomatic weapon, 92, 173 sqq. for dockyards, 25, 37; and emigration, 73, 75-6; of freeholders, 72, 130; legality, xxiii, xxix n., 72, 76-7, 95, 114, 126, 128, 130, 133-5, 356-7, 365; and magistrates, xxviii, 26, 45, 129-30; as penalty, 29-30, 44, 66, 68-9; plea of necessity, 77, 125-8, 158, 160-2, 175 sqq., 357; as sanction, xl; of ships, xxxvi «., 128, 175 sqq., 302; see Liberty, Press, Trade Imprest-money, 18, 20, 22, 72 India, 133, 170; India House, 136; Mutiny, 258; naval station, 115, 258; troop ships, 321 n. navy, 323 «.; see East Indies Industrial Schools, 323 «., 326 n. Inequality, 126-7, 129 Informers, use of, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33-5, 44 Innkeepers, xxxii «., 28-9, 32; seamen disguised as, 29, 43 Insurance, maritime, 17, 159, 189 n. Inscription Maritime, xxix-x, xlii n., 27, 38, 79, 178, 232-3, 330-6; see Ordonnance (1689) Invasion, fear of, xv, xxxviii, 8, 49, 71, 84, 85, 161, 176, 200, 204, 205-6, 227 sqq., 249, 288-9, 294, 316, 373-4 Inverness, Scotland, 102 Ipswich, Suffolk, 101, 110 Ionian Is., 361 Ireland, 87, 233, 279, 281 «.; and navy, 131, 144, 147, 154 n., 191, 260 «., 352-3; effects of emancipation on manning, 131—4; Commercial Resolutions (1785), 132, 384; trading ambitions, 133; estates, 379 Jack of the Dust, 351 Jacobites, 375. 385-6, 388 Jails, for seamen, 241; jailbirds, xlii, 185 Jamaica, 34, 73 /?., 250. 380, 382-3; pressing, 136 James II, king, xxvii, xxix Jennings, Adm. Sir Jn., 86 n. Jersey, C. I., 66, 102; training establishment, 260 //. John, king, 302 Johnstone, “Governor” Geo. (M.P.), xx /?.. xl /;. Johnstone, Sir Jas. (M.P.), xxxi, xl Joiners, 264, 352 Joinville, prince de, 228 /?.. 230 Joseph II, emperor. 126 n. Junius, xxiii, 356-7 Justice, Alex.. author, xxv, xxxi //. Justices of the Peace: sec Magistrates Karlskrona, Swedish base, 81 n. Keels 15 «., 25; keelmen, Tyne, xxxvii n., 151 n., 155 /?.; Wear, 155 n. Keith, Adm. G. K. Elphinstone, viscount, xl, 387 Kempenfelt, Rear-Adm. Rd., 116 /;. Kent: see Coast Blockade Ketches, for pressing, 2, 7-8, 9-10, 18. 20 Key, Adm. Sir A. Cooper, xlvii, 302 n. King’s Household, clerks of the market, 388-9 King’s Lynn, Norfolk, 38, 100. 344 King’s Men: see Robe Knowles, Adm. Sir Chas., 104-13, 382-3 Kronstadt, Russian base, 278 Lady of the Gunroom, 351 /?. Lagos, battle (1759), 387 Land Tax, 45, 85, 111 «., 377, 390; assessors, xxxiii Landen, battle (1693), 2 Landladies, 60 Land(s)men, 12-14. 23 /?., 74, 83 /;., 103, 129, 153 H.. 154 /?., 178, 190-1, 194, 196 /?., 232, 246 /?., 247-8, 260, 287, 304 /?.. 357-8, 362, 372; defined, 201 «.; pressing of, 13, 28, 47; as police, 362; as proportion of complements, 347 sqq.; see Idlers, Waisters Launceston, Cornwall, 373 Lawcourts, and impress, 72, 77, 126, 130 n., 139, 356-7; see Impressment Leading Seamen, as rating, 268 Leake, Adm. Sir Jn., 376 Leckie, Jn., 378 Leeward Is., 390 Leghorn, 125 n. Leith, Midlothian, 102, 191, 232, 344; smacks, 197 Letters of administration, 59-60; see Attorney Letters of marque (1803-6), 362 Levellers, xxvii Lewes, Sussex, 100 Liberty, British, xxiii, xxv, 37, 74, 85, 89; subverted by pressing, xiii, xxiii. xxvii, xxix, 71—6, 95, 114, 124 s
;., 337 -46; fund, 345-6; cost, 346 n.: see Green (Jn.), Johnstone (Sir Jas.). Mackworth, Pulteney Marine Society, xliv, xlvi, 109, 121, 193, 323 /?., 326 //.; instructions (1757), 98-9 /?. Marines, xxii //., xxvii /?., xxx, xxxiii, xxxix, 115, 117. 146, 163, 180, 192, 196/;., 210, 212, 218, 229, 246. 248 sqq.. 259, 263, 273, 277 /;., 303, 310, 347 sqq.. 387; origin of Corps, 168, 375; substitute for Impress, 167 sqq. numbers, 167-72, 248 /;., 249-51, 321-2. 347-9, 363, 366; on St. Domingo. 353; limit on growth, xxxix, 322; commandants, 264; commissariat, 249; officers, 253; sergeants, 117-18, 167; drummers, 117—18, 167; weapons, 249; gunnery, 171, 248, 250, 310; uniform, 219; benefits, 183; pensioners, 269, 363-4; cost, 249, 254; French, 336; sec Police Market-boats, xxxiii n. Marlborough, Jn. Churchill, 1st duke, 376, 378 Marriages, of seamen, xxxvii, 43, 64-5, 106, 110, 158, 217; French, 335; see Families Marryat, Capt. Fred., xviii n., xx, 347-55 Martial Law, 141, 206-7, 284, 361-2; Naval Discipline Act (1866), 310; courts martial, xxiv /?., 119, 144, 342 /?.; see Discipline, Punishments Martin, Jas. (M.P.), xl INDEX 401 Martin, Adm. Sir T. Byam. xiii //., xv-vi, xix, xxii, xxxiii //., 173-88, 384 Martin, Adm. Sir W. Fanshawc, xix, 285-99, 366, 384-5 Massic, J., author, 377 Master at arms, 191. 245. 247, 269-73. 348, 351 Masters in Chancery, 77 Masters, naval, 20, 47. 53. 57, 58, 66, 120. 146, 212. 258, 348, 385; mates. 4. 14. 15 /?., 20, 30 /?., 39, 43. 50, 55. 81. 119, 144 /;., 146. 239, 258. 348; 2nd masters, 258, 348; pay, 141 Mates, naval: boatswain’s, 116-18, 251, 268, 349-50; carpenter’s, 348; gunner’s. 252, 349; master’s. 4, 14. 15 //., 20. 30 /;.. 39, 43, 50, 55, 81, 119, 144 /;., 146, 239, 258, 348; surgeon’s, 144 /?. Matthews, Jn., 388 Maydman. Hy.. author, xxv /;. Mayo, J. J., enquiry into R.N.R., xxxviii /?., xlvi. 288 //., 289 //.. 292 //. Mayors, 24 sqq.. 130; sec Magistrates Mediterranean Sea. 8, 11 //., 75. 185, 228. 232, 306; naval station, 115, 208, 229, 274-5, 278, 294-5, 303, 361. 384-5 Medway, river, 139, 356; towns, 100 Melville, Hy. Dundas, 1st viscount, 142 /?., 151. 153, 154-5, 387 Melville, R. S. Dundas, 2nd viscount, xvii /?., xviii /?.. xx /;., 222 //., 275 //., 373 Men-in-lieu, 157 /;. Mends, Adm. Sir Wm. R., 327 Mercantile marine, and navy, xv, xxxix, xlii-vii, 237, 319, 329, 366; condition in 1846, 236-7; in 1870, 326, 328-9; foreign seamen in, xv. xliv ;?., xlv, 154 /?.. 304. 317, 345; pension fund, xlv /;., 1 50 //.. 242, 366 //., 372; regulation of, xli, 237 /?., 238-9 n.. 240 n.. 366; steam companies, 239-40; Superintendents, 369,371; training for, xlv—vi. 318 sqq. see Apprentices, Navigation Acts, Nursery, Seamen, Shipmasters, Shipowners, Trade Mercantile Marine Act (1850), xli, 237 //., 238-9 /?., 240 n. Mercantile Marine Magazine, The, xviii /;. Merchant Seaman’s Fund, xlv //., 150 //., 242, 366 ;/., 372 Merchant Seamen’s Office, 99 /?. Merchant Shipping Act (1854), 240 n.. 285 /;., 366 n. Merchants’ service: see Mercantile marine. Shipmasters, Shipowners Mess, for crews, 245, 257, 270; ward-room, 258, 265-6; gun-room, 265-6, 351, 392; marines, 265; monkey pump, 270; traps, 368, 371; utensils, 364 Mexico, 380, 386; war (1846-8), 241 /?. Middlesex, justices and Robe, 388-9; Hanwell Park, 390 Midshipmen, 39, 47 /?., 55, 75, 116-17, 119-20, 144 //., 347-8; servant, 351; Jack of the Dust, 351; see Mess (gun-room) Milbanke, Vice-Adm. Mark, 137 n. Mil ford Haven, Pembroke, 101, 375 Militia, regular, xv, xxii «., xxxvi-viii, 63, 135-6, 169-70. 176, 228, 232, 234, 274-5, 280, 288, 295, 357, 365; naval, xv, xxii /?.. xxxi, xxxvi-ix. xliii «., 149-50, 227 sqq., 235 ;i., 241, 274 /?., 277, 279-84. 357. 374, 380; false analogy. xxxvii-viii. 135-7, 176: Heads of a Bill (1854). 281-4, 374; and marines, 169-71; see Ballot Ministers: see Chaplains. Clergy Mint, the, 43 Minto. Gilbert Elliot. 2nd earl, 372 Mizentopmen. 252, 350 Mobilization, rapidity of, xv-xvi. xxxviii. 173-80, 278, 361; French, xxx Molloy. Chas.. author, xxix //. Moncrieff, Jn., author, xxxv Money-lenders. 97 /;.. 107: see Ticket-buyers Montagu, Lt. E. P.. 390 Montrose, Angus, 102 Moore, Thos., seaman and author, xiv n. Mordaunt, Gen. Sir Jn., 383 Morning Chronicle, The, xviii Morning Post, The, 374 Mulgrave, C. J. Phipps, 2nd baron (M.P.). xxxi /?.. 135 //. Mulgrave, Sir H. Phipps. 1st earl, 359 //. Mundy, Adm. Sir Geo. R., 377 Murray. Jas,. Foreign Office, xliv Mutinies (1797), xxii, xlii, 141 //.. 146, 147, 165/;.. 171, 186, 387; Princess Royal. 374 Nantes, chateau, 391 Napier, Adm. Sir Chas, xxxviii. 229 n.. 245 /?., 246 /?., 275 /;.. 293 /;., 303. 372 Napoleon I, emperor, 172 /?., 230 /?., 233, 303 National Debt, 70, 71, 127, 145; Sinking Fund, 94 Nautical Magazine, The. xviii //. Nautical Schools, xx, xxxv, xliv, 97-8, 103, 120-1, 183, 239, 240 Naval and Military Gazette, The. xviii /?. Naval Chronicle, The, xviii /?. Naval Courts. 240 /;. Naval Defence Act (1889), xlvii Naval Discipline Act (1866), 236 /?., 310 Naval Officers, for enrolling R.N.R., 285-9, 291; St. Lo, 21 sqq. Naval Reserves Committee (1902): see Manning Enquiries Naval Review, The. xviii /;. Naval stations, foreign, xxxvii-viii, 190, 199-200. 205, 207-8, 214, 219. 224, 257, 262-3. 305, 314; reliefs for, 363 /;.; see Africa. America, East and West Indies, Mediterranean, Pacific Navarino, battle (1827), 201 Navigation: see Seamanship Navigation Acts, relaxed, 154 «.; repeal of, xlv, 304, 317 //., 366 //., 372 Navy Board, xxvi n.. xxxi, xxxii /;., 18-19, 24, 44-5. 55 /?., 65-6, 95-6, 105, 107, 111-12, 375, 384, 391; Treasurer, 105, 151 ;/.; Comptroller, 384; Pay Office, xxvi /?.. 55 //., 66; and Crosfeild, 378-9; see Dockyards Navy League Journal, The. xviii //. Navy of Great Britain: see Elliot Neale, H. i. Vansittart, Admiralty, xiii Neapolitans, on St. Domingo. 352 Neath, Glam., 101 Nepean, Sir Evan, Adm. Sec., 151 /?. Nevis, 390 New France, 334 402 INDEX Ncwcasilc-upon-Tync. 4. 6. 7. 102. 155 /;.. 382: sec Coal. Colliers. Keelmen Newfoundland. 293. 334. 384 Newhaven. Sussex, 361 Newport. Mon.. 101 Newspapers and naval reforms, xvi /;.. xviii, 195 n.. 244; naval officers and. xviii-ix, 374: Admiralty advertisements, 106, 111, 342; and Walpole. 388 Newton, Glam.. 101 Niblett. Capt. H. S. F.: sec Manning Enquiries Nile, battle of the (1798). 201 Nine Years War (1689-97). xxv. xxvii-viii. 1 sqq. 90-1. 378-9. 391 Nootka Sound, armament (1790). 173-4, 177 Nore. the, 117. 387. 391: see Mutinies Norris. Adm. Sir Jn.. xxix /?., xxx North Sea, 184. 206. 289 /;., 293. 306 Northumberland. East Marches of, 102; Grey, 381 Northumberland. Sir Algernon Percy, 4th duke. 320 Norway. 72 ;/.. 87 Nursery for seamen, xiv-v. xxv //., xxxiv. xlv, xlvii. 12-15. 37. 49-50. 52-4. 63. 66. 75, 93, 98, 120. 155. 157. 189 sqq.. 197-8. 205. 228, 231, 234. 236 sqq.. 248, 254, 356, 366: see Colliers, Inscription, Seamen. Trade Nursery Office, proposed, 49, 65-6, 67 Officers (commissioned), xvi-xxii, xxxiii, xxxviiviii, xlii—iii, 347 .«/£/., 392; .vet’ Captains. Commanders. Flag officers. Lieutenants, Mess, Naval Officers. Pressmasters, Regulating Officers OJjiciers mar inters, 330 /;. Oglethorpe, Gen. J. E., xvii, xxix. 71-83, 385-7 Oleron, He d 330, 332 «.; laws of, 8 Onslow. Sir Rd. (M.P.), xxv. xxxi /?., 377, 378 Ordinary Seamen, naval, 158 /?., 163, 178, 190. 214-15, 247. 255. 285-6. 294-5, 304 //., 307: defined, 201 //.; as rating, 47, 52^, 192, 248/7., 260. 320. 324, 326, 360: as servants, 265-6; wages, 141 «.; see Pay, Royal Navy, Seamen Ordnance Office, 44, 65 Ordonnance de la marine (1681). 113 /;. Ordonnance de la marine ( 1689), xxix-xxx, 113 /?., 330-6; see Inscription Oregon question (1845), 227 Orkneys, xxxvi /;., 110 Orphans, 46 sqq. of seamen, 45; see Families Osborn. Rear-Adm. Sherard, author, iii, iv, xxxi /?., xxxvii, xxxviii, 282 /?., 283 /;., 284 /?., 367 /;. Ostend, East India ships, 73 Otway, Lt. Rob., author, xviii n. Outlaws, pardoned, 138 Out-pensions: see Greenwich Overseers of the Poor, xxxiii, 25 //.; and parish apprentices, 46 sqq., 60-1, 68 Overton, Rd., leveller, xxvii Oxford, England, 391 Oyster-cocks, 27 Pacific Ocean, 181, 383; naval station, 377 Packet service, 362 Padstow, Cornwall, 100 Pakington, Sir J. S. (baron Hampton). 385 Painters. 264, 352-3 Palliser. Adm. Sir Hugh. 120 /;. Palmerston. H. J. Temple. 3rd viscount. 280 /;., 281 /?., 373. 380 Pamphleteering, during Interregnum, xxvi-vii; and naval officers, xviii-xxiii, 20-1, 36, 104, 196. 273: and parliament, xxiv Pamphlets, anonymous or pseudonymous: Cursory suggestions (1822), xliii Enquiry into the nature and legality of press warrants, An (1770), xxiii. xxxvii /?., 72 Encouragement and increase of seamen considered (1728). by Philanthropus, xxiv n. Enquiry into the causes of our naval miscarriages, An (1707), xxiv /?. Enquiry into the practice and legality of pressing, An (1772). xxiii //. Essay towards a method of speedily manning, An ( 1754), xxxiv Friendly address, A (1820), xlii /;. Guide for the freeholders of Gt. Britain, A (1771). xxxv’//. Hints on educating and manning (1885), by a Captain, R.N., xlv Impress of seamen (1786), 124-40 Impressment of seamen (1834), 173-88 Infallible project, An (1745), xxv-vi Inquiry into the nature and effects of flogging, An ‘(1826?), xix /?. Letter to the right hon.***. A (1744), xxxvi //. Observations and Proposals (1745), xxxi .»;., xxxiv n. Old and true way of manning the fleet, The (1707), xxiv ;;.’ Plain suggestions of a British seaman (1794), xxi, xxxvii /;., 383 Popularity of the royal naval service (1826), by An Officer of the R.N., xix //. Proposal for the encouragement of seamen, A (1758), by Philo Nauticus. 104-13 Proposals to increase seamen (1693), 12-15 Remarks upon the navy (1700), xxix Rights of the sailors vindicated, The (1772), xxiii, 72, 135, 386 Short essay upon the present mode of impressing, A (1791), by A Freeholder, xxii, 140 Some hints (1758), by A Sea-Officer, 114-23 Tack-about (1703), xxv /;., xxxii, xxxiii n. The impress considered (1810), 160-72 True method, A (1703), xxv «., xxxiii View of the naval force of Gr. Britain, A (1791), by An Officer of Rank, xxxvii w., xl n. Woollen-draper’s letter, A (1786), 383-4 Paris, 233, 375 Parish officers, xxxiii, xxxvi, 24 sqq.. 43, 46 sqq.< 67-8, 99; protected from navy, 43; connive at evasion, xxviii, 26, 45; exemption from serving as, xxxii, 45; France, 331; see Apprentices, Churchwardens, Constables, Headboroughs, Overseers, Scavengers, Tithingmen Parish rates, fear of burdening, 26 /;., 93, 158, 179, 190; increase 1689-1713, 91; proposed exemptions, 45, 63-4 Parker, Adm. Sir Wm., bt, xiv, 196 /;., 280 /?.; see Manning Enquiries INDEX 403 Parliament, and Ireland, 132-3: manning, xiii, xvi /;., xvii, xxiv—v, xxxiv—v. 25, 27—8, 32, 40, 42-3, 53, 82. 84 /;., 85-6, 94, 98-9, 103-4, 109-10, 114. 130, 133-4, 140. 148-50, 160, 177, 181, 188 /;., 203 /;.. 236 /?., 238-9, 282, 292, 318: petitions to, xxiv, xxvii: reform of, 124: see Commons, Lords, Manning Bills Patents, clerkship of, 376 Patey. Adm. C. G. E., 377 Patronage, in navy. 225 Patton. Chas., author, 388 Patton. Adm. Philip, xviii //., xix, xxi, xl, xlix, 141-50, 387-8 Pay, naval, xxvi //., xxx, xxxiii, xliv /?., xl, 2, 5, 7, 16, 30-1, 45, 65, 78, 93, 97. 140-5, 153, 162^. 169, 182, 213. 216, 242, 246. 264, 284, 327, 358, 367-8, 370: arrears, xxxii, 39, 56, 90-1. 98: of deceased, xxxii, 47, 59-60: deductions, xxxii, 32, 47 //., 48, 53, 58, 61-2, 68, 77-8.90-1, 105, 108, 182, 379: increases, 141 /;., 216-7, 219, 247, 261: mess servants, 66, 265-6; Pay Office, xxvi «., 55 w., 66; payships, xxxvi-vii; paymasters, 266, 292 n. pays, 55, 59, 61, 83 /?., 97, 111,115, 183, 205, 210, 212-13, 223, 248, 263-4; France, 79; Holland, 80; Sweden, 81-2; see Bounties, Boys, Families, Tickets Peace establishment, of navy: see Complements, Manning requirements. Standing Navy Peel, Sir Rob. (M.P.), 373 Pelham. Hy. (M.P.), xxxiv, 99 /;. Pell, Adm. Sir Watkin O.. 225 Pembroke, Wales, 101, 191, 207, 344 Penalties, xxxii, 26-7, 28 sqq. 43-4, 67, 89. 98-9, 103, 106. 109. 111. 241, 262, 302, 338, 342-3, 345 /?., 346, 360; French, 331, 333-6 Penarth, Glam.. 101 Pennell, Sir Chas. Hy., xiv-v, 312, 372 Penrose, Adm. Sir Chas., author, xviii /?., xlii //. Pensions. 64-5. 327-8; disability, 2, 5, 11 /?., 90. 150 /?.. 165. 190, 238, 242, 310. 339-40, 368: widows, 142 /?., 143, 341 /;.: long-service, xxxiv, xl, 89-90, 145, 183, 190, 199, 214-17, 218. 238-42, 243 /?., 255, 261. 264, 292-3, 307 /;.. 320, 339 /?., 340, 368; short-service, xiv //., 144, 242 n.. 292-3, 296, 310, 314: marines, 269, 363-4; R.N.R., xlvi. 287, 305, 307 /;.. 313. 368-9. 370 //.; Pennell, 312 /;.: Connolly. 272-3: Gilmore, 307. 309, 311-12; see Greenwich, Merchant Seaman’s Pension Fund, Seamen Pensioner Reserve Penzance. Cornwall, 100 Pepys, Sam., xxiv /?., xxv, xxvii-viii, 390 Perry. Capt. Jn.. author, xvi, xx, xxix, xxxiii, 23 /;., 30 /?.. 31 /?., 37 /;. Persian Gulf, 170 n. Perthshire, Scotland, 102 Pertuis Maumusson, 32 n. Peter I, tsar of Russia, 375-6 Peter. Chas.. 388-9 Peterhead, Abercleenshire, 102 Petitions, xxiii, xxiv, xxvii, 71; of Right (1628), 72 Petropavlovsk, Russian base, 377 Petty, Sir Wm., author, xxvi. xxxiv. xlv Petty Officers, xxiv /;., xxxiii, 106-7, 111-12, 116-17, 121, 199, 201, 207 /;.. 210, 214-15, 246 w., 296, 339n., 347, 349; sqq. quarterdeck, 144; chief, 269, 271-2, 310, 387; 1st class, 255, 262, 269, 271; 2nd class, 267, 271, 308; disrating, 119; good conduct stripes, 267-9; and mutiny, 141 /;.; numbers, 142, 145, 217, 246; pay. 141-3, 155 /?.. 266-7, 358-9; pension, 143-5; prize money, 146-7: punishment. 119-20: in Coastguard, 296, 322; see Captains (afterguard, etc.), Mates, Midshipmen, Quartermasters, Ship’s corporals, Yeomen Pevensey, Sussex, 100 Philanthropus, author, xxiv /;. Philipps, Sir Jn. (M.P.), xxxvi n. Philo Nauticus, xxiii /?., 104-13; see Knowles Physicians, naval, 105, 108; see Trotter Pill. Somerset, 101 Pilotage, of U.K., 240, 382 Pilots, 87. 240, 258; French, 330, 332 Pirates, 62, 73, 92, 379-80, 390; and privateering, 362 Pitt, Wm.. “the younger”, xl /;., xli. 132, 151, 154 /?., 177 //.. 346 /?., 384, 387 Plate, river, 373 Plumbers, 264, 352 Plunkett, Capt. the Hon. H., author, 16th baron Dunsany, xliii n. Plymouth, Devon, xviii, xli, xliii, 17, 51, 100, 105, 107, 108, 151, 157, 161 /?.. 191, 197,207.232, 260 /?., 320 /;., 344, 361. 378, 384, 385, 391 Pole, Adm. Sir Chas. M. (M.P.), 161 /;. Police, naval, 171, 259, 269 sqq., 362 Polk, President Jas. K., 227 n. Poole. Dorset, xviii /;., 22-3, 100, 230, 344 Port Royal, Jamaica. 136 Portland, Dorset, 100, 260 n. Ports, listed by Cleeve, 100-2; Marine Plan, 344; see Cinque Ports Portsea, Hants., xviii Portsmouth. Hants., xviii //.. xliii. 98, 100, 105, 151. 157. 191. 197, 207. 232. 260 /?., 303, 320 /;., 344. 356. 361, 374. 375, 376. 384, 385. 390, 391, 392 Portsoy. Banff, 102 Portugal, 7, 79, 237 «.; Tagus squadron, 280, 385; Lisbon contractors, 280; Portuguese on Si. Domingo, 352 Post Office. General, 39, 57-8. 68. 375, 379; mail steamers, 239-40; see Ship letters Postlethwayt. Malachy, author, xvii /?., 84 //. Poulterer, 351 Poulton, Lanes., 101 Press warrants, xxxv. 7, 9. 43, 75-6, 152 /;., 163; general, 357: see Impressment, Protections Press-gangs, xxii, 51, 163, 301-3: afloat, xxviii, xxxii, 2, 7-8, 17-18, 20, 25, 51, 66, 76, 90, 125, 135. 152-3, 156-7, 189 /;., 357; ashore, xxviii, 9-10, 17-18, 74-7, 135, 151 /;., 152; alarms of, 35,88, 115, 151-2, 188/?.; bribes to, 43, 74, 76; and juries, 77. 126. 130 /?.; pay, 115, 139; rendezvous, 163-4; violence, xxvii, 43, 72-5, 77, 125-6, 163, 357, 382; see London, Impress Service, Protections Pressmasters, xxvi. 8 /?.. 18 /?., 20, 27, 72, 75-6, 76-7, 95, 139, 152; instructions, 129-30: emoluments. 124, 135, 139: see Impress Service, Lieutenants, Press-gangs 404 INDEX Press-tenders, 2, 7-8, 9-10, 17-18, 38, 72 /?., 74 /?., 75. 76, 83 /?., 125 /?., 136, 152, 163; hiring of 20, 95, 115; see Ketches, Smacks Prices, influenced by pressing, 93; provisions at London, 96; see Coal Prime seamen; see Able Seamen Privateers, 7, 11 «., 66, 109, 146, 153, 165. 228, 375, 391; Algerine, 91; American, 160; French, xxviii. 5, 6, 8, 25, 66, 334; Spanish, 73; Barrow’s objections, 362; abolition, 362 n. Privileges, for navy men, xxxii, xlvi, 182—3; arrest for debt, 43, 61, 98, 339 /?.; parish offices, xxxii, 45, 339 «.; statute-work, 339 n.’, taxes, xxxiii; immunities for wives, 45, 63; marriage without banns, 64; tied houses, 105-11; education of sons, xxxv, xiv, 97-8, 120-1. 183; in France, 79, 332-3; Sweden, 81; see Employment, Marine Plan, Pensions, Widows Privy Council, xxxiii /?., 26 /;., 133, 150, 282-3, 365, 376, 377; Lord President, 4; see Proclamations Prize money, 47, 66, 142 /?., 143, 145-7, 162-3, 164, 190 /?., 224, 341, 346, 359, 368, 371, 391; Commissioners, 391; American, 181 Proclamations, royal, xiii, xxxvii, 26 /;., 45, 46, 106, 137 /?., 138, 192 /?., 283-4, 304, 358, 365, 369, 371; see Privy Council Prostitution, 64-5 Protections, from pressing, xxxvi, 16; by favour, 20, 43-4; fraud, 27, 34, 43^; law, xxxvi, 34, 43 n.. 46 «., 50-2, 54, 130, 150 /?., 152, 358; composition, xxxvi /?., 155 /?., 158, 197; on Indiamen, 166 n. for privateersmen, 362; disregarded, 152, 357; see Substitutes Provence, 330, 334 Provisions; see Victuals Prussia, xxxviii, 126 /;., 177 /;.; Prussians on St. Domingo, 352; Elizabeth. 355 n. Public Accounts. Commissioners for Stating, 378 Public Advertiser, The, xxxv-vi Pulteney, Wm. (M.P.), xxxix-xl, 124 /?., 140 /?., 337 «., 338 «., 339 w., 340 «., 341 «., 344 «., 345 n. Punishment, corporal, xviii, xxiv /?., xxxiii, xliii, 119, 137, 174, 183-8, 235, 236 /?., 241, 262 /?., 385 Pursers, xxiv, xxv /?., 57-8, 68, 78, 81, 91, 112, 120, 136, 191, 266, 348; gains, 113, 115; steward, 117, 191, 266, 351; compared with ecrivains, 113 Quakers, 83 n. Quartermasters, 55, 116-18, 142-3, 191, 199, 251, 269, 310, 349-50 Quiberon bay, battle (1759), 387 Quota Acts (1795), xlii, 151 «., 154 /»., 155 n. Quotas, of seamen, xxx, xxxvi n.. 153—4, 155 /z., 156-7, 391; of King’s Men in merchantmen, 87; naval militiamen, 279, 281-2; see Militia, Quota Acts Raines, Sir Rd., Adm. Judge, 34 n. Ralegh, Sir Walter, xxvi n. Ramsgate, Kent, 23, 100 Ranelagh, T. H. Jones, 7th earl, author, 232 Ras al Khaima, 170 n. Reddie, Jas., Adm. Ace. Gen., xiv, xxvii /;., xlvii, 276 /?., 327, 328 Reformatory ships, 323-4, 326 n. Register Act (1696), xxiv «., xxx sqq., xli-ii, 29 n., 68 «., 147-8; advocates, xxix, xxxi-iv, 16 sqq. Registrar General of Seamen, iv, xlvi, 248 /?., 278 /?., 359-60; and R.N.R., 286 n., 289, 292 «., 371 /?.; see Brown, Mayo Registrars, in ports, proposed by St. Lo, xxxiii, 22-4; Cleeve, 96 sqq. under Registration Act (1835), 286 H.; R.N.R., 285- 7, 290-1, 367 «., 369, 371; see Customs officers, Marine and Shipping Offices, Shipping Masters, Superintendents Registration Act (1835), xxx. 188 «., 359-60; see Brown, Graham, Registrar General Registration of seamen, xiv /;.. xvi, xviii-ix, xxix, xxx-i, xxxv, xl, xlii /?., 140, 176-7, 188 /?., 359-60; St. Lo, xvi, xxix, xxxiii, 21 sqq. Perry, xxix, xxxiii, 23 /?., 30 /?., 31 /?.; Robe, 87; Walpole, xxx; Marine Plan, xl-i, 147 /?., 148 //., 337 sqq. Patton, xl, 141 /?., 147-9, 387; Graham, xxx, 188 /*., 359-60; Elliot, 238-40; militia, 357; see General register, Inscription, Register Act (1696), Registration Act (1835) Regulating Officers, xxviii, xxxvi /;., 95, 138, 152 /?., 155 n. Religion, 2-4, 54, 97; C. of E., 378; charity sermons, 121; Swedish navy, 82; see Chaplains, Clergy Reserves, enacted: see Register Act (1696); Coast Blockade, Coastguard (1831, 1856); Seamen Riggers (1844), R.N. Coast Volunteers (1852); R.N.R. (1860); R.N. Artillery Volunteers (1874); Seamen Pensioner Reserve (1876); Royal Fleet Reserve (1900); R.N. Volunteers (1903); see Cinque Ports Reserves, proposed: see Petty (1676); Robe (1726); Barrington (1749); Cleeve (1756); SeaOfficer (1758); Marine Plan (1780); Patton (1802); Brown (1838-52); Pennell (1852); Bowles (1854); Gilmore (1869); Brassey, Thos. (baron), xvii, xlvi Retainers, proposed by Petty, xxxiv; Act of 1696, xxxi-ii, xxxiv; Cleeve, 96; Sea-Officer (1758), 115, 121-2; Patton, 144-5; Burdett, 176; Pennell, xiv /;.; R.N.R., xlvi, 287. 292 /;., 293, 305, 310, 324-6, 328, 367, 369-70 Revenue, national, 2, 8, 11 /?.. 17, 70, 71, 93; and Coastguard, 276, 361; see Taxes Rex v. Broadfoot: see Foster, Sir M. Richard 1, king, 71 Ridgway, Jas, publisher, xviii /;. Riga, 384 Rigging-houses, 263 Robe, T., xvii, xxiv, 84-94, 388-90 Rochefort, expedition (1757), 104 /?., 383 Rochester, Kent, 100 Roddam, Vice-Adm. Rob., 139 /?. Romney, Kent, 301 Romsey abbey, Hants., 373 Rooke, Adm. Sir Geo., 390 Ropemakers, 21, 24-6, 29, 35, 37. 349, 351-3, 355 Rotation of service, in navy, xxxiii, xxxvi, 16, 19, 27, 30-1, 32-3, 34-5, 37, 38, 39, 341, 343, INDEX 405 344 n., 365; France, xxix; see Enlistment Act (1853), Inscription, Limited Service, Marine Plan, Militia Rothery, H. C., 366 Rowe, Peter, author, xxv n. Royal Fleet Reserve (1900), xiv, xlvii /;., 306 n. Royal Naval Artillery Volunteers (1874-91), xvii Royal Naval Coast Volunteers (1852-70), xxxv, xxxvii, xxxviii n., 276-8, 283 /;., 284 /?., 291, 299, 363-5 Royal Naval Reserve: see R.N.R. R.N.R., iii, xiii-iv, xxxi, xxxvii, xli, xlvi-vii, 276-7, 283 /?., 296, 304-5, 325, 363-4, 373, 381; and boys, xlvi, 324, 367; cost, 301, 305, 313, 325-6; discipline, 314-15, 369; discharge, 368, 370; drill, xlvi, 287-90. 305, 313, 328, 368, 370-1; early enrolments, xlvi, 276 /?., 289 n., 295, 318 /?.; officers, 310, 322; pay and allowances, 367-70; and pensioners, 292-3, 306, 367 /;.; reports on, xlvii /?.; Second Class (1870), xlvi, 288 /;., 290-1, 324-5, 365 /?., 369-71; size, 302, 305, 311, 3 13. 322; Trawler Section, xiv //.; Gilmore’s version (1869), 306 sqq. Gardner’s (1871), xlvii //.; see Board of Trade, Mayo, Retainers Royal Naval Volunteers (1860-2), xlvi-vii, 286, 296, 363-4; see R.N.R. Royal Naval Volunteers Reserve (1903), xvii /?., 234 n. Royal Navy, crews of, compared with merchant service, xlii n., 165, 190 «., 216, 255, 261, 315-17; deceased men, xxxii, 33, 59-60, 64, 66 w., 105-107, 120, 136; discharge, xxxv, xxxix, 6-7, 30-1, 49, 59, 68, 86, 89, 92, 97, 99, 174, 210, 213 sqq., 224, 246, 262, 264, 297, 303^, 358; duties, 202; how composed, 117, 170-1, 179, 197-8, 200, 202, 209, 222, 251-2; improved conditions, xxx, 162 sqq., 172, 182-3, 185; promotions, xxxii, 19, 39, 48, 53, 55, 78, 112,183,217,219, 248 «., 261; skeleton crews, 209, 218, 263, 294-5; terms of engagement, xiii, 89, 96, 135, 214-15, 221, 223-4; see Able Seamen, Boys, Complements, Disablement, Discipline, Divisions, Families, Health, Manning, Marines, Pay, Pensions, Petty and Warrant Officers, Punishment, Turnovers Royal Society, 383 Royal Thames Yacht Club, 231 Royal United Service Institution, xiii-iv. xlvii, 380 Royal Victoria Yacht Club, 227, 381 Royal Yacht Squadron, 230-1 Rudders. 383 Russell, Adm. Edw., earl of Orford, xxxi /!., xxxiii, 377 Russia, 126 /?., 174 //., 177, 234, 352-3, 376; navy. 73, 303. 383; Russians on St. Domingo, 352-3; see Crimean War, Peter I Ryder, Rear-Adm. A. P., xiii-iv Rye, Sussex, 100 Ryswyck, peace of (1697), 40 //. Sailmakers, 21, 24-6, 29, 35. 37, 117, 245, 263-4, 289 /?., 349, 351-2, 355; mate, 349, 351; crew, 349, 351 Sailors’ Advocate, the, xxiii. 71. 82-3, 386; see Oglethorpe Sailors’ Homes, 240, 374 St.-Domingue, 382 St. Helen’s, Isle of Wight, 391-2 St. Helens, Alleyne Fitzherbert, baron, 173 St. Ives, Cornwall, 100, 344 St. James’s Journal (1722-3), 388 St. {Catherine’s dock, 75 St. Lo, Commissioner G., xvi, xix, xxiii /;., xxv, xxix, xxxiii, 9, 12 /?., 16-41, 390-1 St. Malo, 37 /;. St. Mawes, Cornwall, 100 St. Vincent, Adm. Jn. Jervis, earl, 151 «., 385 Saintonge, 330, 332 Salcombe, Devon, 100 Salisbury, Wilts., xviii n. Saltash, Cornwall, 100 Saltfleet, Lines., 102 Sandwich, Kent, 301 Sandwich, J. Montagu, 4th earl, xxi, 128 /?., 131 n. Saumarez, Adm, Sir Jas., 1st baron, 383, 384 Savoy, the (London), 43 Scarborough, Yorks., 101 Scavengers, 45 School ships: see Training ships Schoolmasters, naval, xliv, 47-50, 54, 65, 191, 270, 348 Schools: see Industrial, Nautical, Training ships Scotland, xxxvi //., 260 «., 281 /;., 352-3; Scots on Si. Domingo, 352-3 Screw warships, 385 Sea Fencibles, xxxvii; Elliot, 235 «., 380 Seafarers, defined, xxxiii /;., 178 Seamanship, instruction in, xxxiii-iv, xliv-vi, 47-8, 50, 65, 97, 121, 190, 239, 283, 294-6, 308; see Nautical Schools, R.N.R., Training ships Seamen, numbers, xv, xxvii /?., xxviii, xxxi-ii, xxxviii, xlvi, 5, 7, 14, 24, 38, 83 /?., 88, 100-3, 115, 122, 131, 137, 154, 158, 164, 166-7, 189-90, 346 //., 356, 359-60; in hiding, 5, 7, 10, 26, 28-30, 35,43, 51, 64, 69, 75, 91, 356, 359-60: mobility, 31-2, 108. I1O-11; emigration, 34, 42, 62, 73, 75-6, 92, 1 15, 152-3, 158, 160, 205, 218, 388; aversion from navy, xix /?., 95, 116, 120, 155, 163, 169, 183-6, 190, 193, 236-7, 254-5, 316-17, 319, 359 «., 366; character, xxxii, xlii-iv, 2, 10-11. 26, 74, 107, 110-11, 121, 125, 134, 163-4. 185, 210, 212, 216-18, 224, 237, 245 sqq.. 261-2, 290, 326, 328-30; Irish, 131-2; see Combinations. Debts, Mercantile Marine, Registration, Wages Seamen-gunners: see Gunners Seamen Pensioner Reserve, xiv /?., 242 /;., 292-3, 310 //., 322; proposed by Patton, 144-5: Enlistment Acts (1835, 1853), 358, 292; 1849 Regulations, 243 /?.; Hardwicke, 363—4; Gilmore, 306, 310-13 Seamen Riggers, xxxv, 207 /;., 279 /?.; Sharpe’s Corps. 205 sqq. Seamen’s Bills (1780-6), xxxix-xlii, 140, 384: see Marine Plan Sea-Officer, A, Some Hints (1758), 114-23 Search, right of, 193: risk taken by captains, 359 Sebastopol. 278, 279 n. Sedgemoor, battle (1685), 375 406 INDEX Servants, 51, 57, 65, 66-7, 97, 117, 252, 259, 266, 321, 350; mess cooks and stewards, 265-6; midshipmen’s, 351; French, 334 Service, naval: see Continuous, Limited, Rotation, Royal Navy Seudre, river, 332 «. Severn, river, 101 Sharp, Granville, xvii, xxii ;i., xxix /?., xlix, 72 /*., 386-7 Sharpe, Earth., 390 Sharpe, Lt. Benj., xxi /?., xliv, 204-26, 390 Shaw-Lefevre, Sir J. G. (M.P.), 326 n. Sheerness, dockyard, 151, 201, 207, 245, 361, 385 Shepherd, Rear-Adm. Jn., 366 Sheppey, Kent, 100 Sheridan, R. B. (M.P.), xli, 384 Sheriffs, 25 /?., 130, 342 Sheringham, Capt. W. L., surveyor and author, xiii /z., xviii n. Shetlands, xxxvi n., 344 Shields, Northumberland, 102, 155 «.; North, xvii, 151, 382; South, 155 n. Shifters, 35, 117: see Cooks Ship letters, miscarriage of, 57-8, 68; to parishes and parents, 57, 67; to ships, 58; charges, 57, 58, 67-8, 183 Ship’s corporals. 117-8, 269, 271-3, 349 Shipbuilding, naval, 25, 37, 97, 189, 377; art of, 122, 375; yachts, 230 Shipmasters, xxxiv «., xxxvi, xxxix, 11 /;., 13, 20, 22, 26-7, 30-1, 33-5, 43-4, 49-5 1, 63, 67, 87, 95-6, 106, 110, 152-3, 193, 238-9, 240 /?., 285 /i., 307, 309. 326, 328, 338-9, 342, 368, 370, 374; authority of, 237; mates, 238-9 /;., 368, 370, 374; and Mercantile Marine Act, 238-9 /?.; pay, 141; yachting, 228; French, 330 sqq. Swedish, 82 Ship-money, xxxvii Shipowners, xvii, xxiv //., xxxviii /;., xli, xliii, xlv-vi, 16-17, 40, 51-2, 87-8, 90-1, 96, 106, 110, 116, 152-9. 189, 238, 302, 326, 327 /;., 328, 338 /;., 339, 372, 382; Liverpool committee (1869-80), 326, 328-9: French, 330-1, 333 Shipping delays, 1, 2, 4, 16-17, 51-2, 74, 88, 92, 155. 159, 194: naval, xxxiv n., 17, 25, 190, 210-11; see Embargoes Shipping losses, by under-manning, 17, 28, 51; want of convoys, 40; weak defence, 17, 28, 36: fear of press, 51; men-of-war, 36—7; see Privateers Shipping Masters, xlvi, 240 /?.; and R.N.R., 285-7. 290-1; see Customs officers. Marine Boards, Registrars (R.N.R.) Shipping Offices, 285 /?., 287 /?.; see Customs officers. Marine Boards, Shipping Masters, Superintendents Ships (mercantile) named: Akbar (training), 323 n. Arethusa (training), 323 n. Asia (E. Indiaman), 166 n. Britannia, 125 n. Cnichester (training), 323 n. Clarence (training), 323 n. Conway (training), 323 n. Endeavour (training), 323 n. Gat ton, 131 n. Gibraltar (training), 323 n. Goliath (training), 323 n. Hillsborough, 131 n. Indefatigable (training), 323 n. .London, 304 Warspite (Marine Soc.), 193 /i., 323 n. Worcester (training), 323 n. Ships (R.N.) named: Agamemnon, 311 Albemarle, 391 Beacon, 311 Blenheim, 139 Britannia, 320 Burford, 392 Castor, 311 Colchester, 392 Curacoa, 303-4 Dartmouth, 390 Donegal, 311 Dover, 392 Dreadnought, 173 //. Elizabeth, 354-5 Excellent, 226 /?., 248, 373, 390 Exeter, 375 Firebrand, 390 Hampshire, 390 Hercules, 201 Hone, 224, 390 Impregnable, xlv Leopard, 167 /;. Litchficld, 392 ‘Lyme, ix, 392 Marlborough, 385 Mary, 392 Monarch, 248 /;. 377 Montague, 392 Neptune, 392 Norwich, 392 Peregrine Galley, 376 Pique, 198 Portsmouth, 391 President, 311 Prince George, 387 Princess Charlotte, 258 Princess Royal, 374 Queen, 191 n. Racoon, 303-4 Raleigh, 258 Renown, 303-4 Resolution, 375 Revenge (1700), 392 Revenge (1865), 381 Romney, 392 Royal Transport, 315 Roval William, 315 Russell. 392 St. Domingo, 352-4 Shannon, 200 /;. Southampton, 382 Sujfolk. 315 Swift sure, 190 Thunderer, 198 /;. Victory, 383 Winchester, 381 Windsor Castle, 315 INDEX 407 ;Ships (U.S.N.) named: Chesapeake, 162, 167, 200 n. Franklin, 181 Ships of the line, xlv, 117-18, 122-3, 144-5, 165, 181, 197, 206-8, 244, 249-51, 266, 271, 279, 285, 361-2; converted to frigates, 197; to troop ships, 257 Shipwrights, 21, 22, 24-6, 29, 35, 37, 97, 154, 264, 352; yachts, 230, 231 n. Shore-leave, xxxvii, 97, 109, 166, 214, 216, 246, 296 «.; absence of, 114-15, 165, 185; libertybooks, 270; see Tickets, Turnovers Shoreham, Sussex, 100 Short-allowance money, 47, 66 Shot-cleaners, 252 Shovell, Adm. Sir C., 377 Sicilians, on St. Domingo, 352 Sick and Wounded, Commissioners, 378 Sick berth attendants, 266 Signal books, 387 Signalmen, 251; Yeoman, 349 Sinclair, Sir Jn. (M.P.), author, xlii Sixpences, under Act of 1696, 47 n., 68, 106, 110, 345; for navy, see Chatham Chest Sixpenny Office, 110; see Greenwich Slave trade, xxii n., 96, 161 Sleigh, Capt. Adderley W, author, 213 /?., 237 n. Sloops, 66, 331, 362 Slops, 59, 62, 78, 98, 105, 108, 112, 164, 165, 182, 191, 215, 219, 245, 270, 341, 364; pursers’ profits, 115; inspection, 119 Smacks, for pressing, 18, 20, 74 n., 75; fishing, 52, 67, 69 Smart, Capt. Rob., 225 n. Smart money, 238: see Pensions (disability) Smith, Adm. Thos., 114/7. Smugglers, xxxviii //., 138 n., 150 n., 210 n. Smyrna, convoy to (1693), 8 n. Soap, 182 Social contract, 126-7 Society of Seamen, xl, 147 sqq.: see Patton Soldiers, 32, 73, 122, 150 n., 249, 253, 261, 352; discipline, 119-20, 187, 221; freedom from quartering, 63, 332; pay, 97, 169; pensions, xl, 256; bounty, 170 n.; pressing of, 69; recruitment, 72, 205; seamen as, 114, 116-18, 249; transport of, xxxviii, 204, 211, 249, 253, 256-9; see Marines, Militia Solicitor General, 61 Solicitor, Marine, proposed, 68 Somers, Jn., baron, 376 Somerset, E. A. Seymour, 12th duke, 318 n., 381 Sound, the Danish, xxxii South Foreland, 339 n. Southampton, Hants, xvii //., 23, 62 n., 230, 380-1, 388 Southwold, Suffolk, 102 Spain, 7, 42, 73, 131, 234, 280 //., 352, 373, 382-3, 386; privateers, 73; privateering against (1805-6), 362; treasure fleet, 73 n., 382; Nootka Sound, 173, 177; see Spanish Succession Spalding, Lines, 102 Spanish Succession, war of the, xxxi-iii, 42, 68-9, 90-1, 376, 392 Spencer, J. G., 2n4 earl, 387 Spithead, 136, 173, 374, 387: see Mutinies Stamp Office, 64 Standing Navy, size of, xiv, xxxiv-v, xxxviii-ix, xliv, 197 sqq., 204 sqq., 226 /?., 248 sqq., 263-4, 294-6, 314, 322-3, 363, 381; see Complements Statute-work, freedom from, 339 n. Steamers, 285, 328 /;.; effect on Nursery, 197, 356; mail, 239-40; naval, xv. 209, 226 _/i., 227-8, 231-2, 234-5, 250, 257, 281, 362, 373, 385; Steam Reserve, 249, 303 Stephens, Sir Ph., Ad. Sec., xvii //., 151 Stevenson, Jn., author, xxii, xl «., 346 «., 384 Stewards, 265-6, 351; see Mess, Pursers Stewart, Lt. Duncan, author, xix n., xxi, 259 /;. Stockjobbers, 389 Stockton, Durham, 102 Stokers, 251, 319 n., 320-1 Stores, 109, 112, 208-9, 213, 257-8, 277; damage to, 205, 212-13, 259 Stornoway, Hebrides, 344 Stowage, 212, 248, 251, 257; see Stores Straits: see Mediterranean Street Arabs, 324 Stromness, Orkneys, 344 Subsistence money, 264 Substitutes, sale of, 138-9; for pardoned men, 138-9; for pressed men, 139, 155 «., 158; for enlisted men, 223 n., 224; in militia, xxxvi-vii, 135, 176; under Act of 1835, 358 Sudbury, Jn., author, xxvi /;. Sulivan, Adm. Sir B. J.. xlv, xlvi Sunderland, Durham, 102, 232, 344 Superintendents of Mercantile Marine, 369, 371: see Marine Boards, Registrars (R.N.R.), Shipping Masters Supernumeraries, 199, 261, 321 n. Surgeons, naval, 26, 98, 105, 108, 165, 191, 266, 348, 392; assistant, 348; mates, 144 n.; see Clarke Surveying, instruction in, 239; ships, 226 n. Sussex: see Coast Blockade Swabbers, 35: see Sweepers Swanne, Rev. John, xvi, xxvi, xliv, 46-70, 391-2 Swansea, Glam., 101, 344 Sweaborg, Russian base, 372 Sweden, 75 /?.; manning, 81-2; Swedes on St. Domingo, 352; Elizabeth, 355 n. Sweepers, 250, 252: see Swabbers Sydenham, Humphrey (M.P.), xxxvi Syrian crisis (1839-41), 198 n., 229, 246, 377, 390 Tagus, naval station, 280 «., 385; see Portugal Tahiti, war scare (1844), 228 /?., 373 Tangier, bombardment (1844), 230 n. Tarleton, Vice-Adm. J. W., xlvii /;., 371 //. Taxes, 85, 116, 176, 384; exemptions for navy men, xxxii; widows, 45; on coal, 14; spirits, 389; and country gentlemen, xxxiv, 377, 390; see Customs, Land Tax, Tonnage Taylor, Hy., of Newcastle, 382 Taylor, Randal, publisher, 42 /?. Texas, 241, 380 Thames, river, xxxi, xxxvii, 4, 13, 44, 50, 59, 76, 81, 91, 99 n., 100, 138, 151, 197, 356, 375; Flats, 207; yachting, 231; see Deptford, 408 INDEX Thames, nQT-{contd.) Gravesend, London, St. [Catherine’s dock, Wapping, Watermen’s Company, Woolwich Thiers, Adolphe, 233 Ticket-buyers, xxiv n., xxvi n., 78, 83 /i., 97 n. Tickets, of leave, 31 «., 32, 106, 110, 185; for wages, xxiv «., xxvi n., 68, 78, 378-9; others, 30 «., 31 n. French, 330; see Pay, Shoreleave, Ticket-buyers Tiltboats, 25 Timber, 107, 281 Times, The, xvii, 305, 374 Tithingmen, xxviii, 24 59*7. Tobacco, xliii, 112, 182; Carmarthen, 376 Tomlinson, Lt. Rob., author, iv, xvi, xx-i, xxxi, xxxvii, xxxix-xl, 124 n., 135 n. Tonnage, duties proposed, xli, 11 ;;., 93, 345 /?.; increase of, 158 Torbay, Devon, 100 Torres Strait, 383 Torres Vedras, 372 Torrington, Sir Geo. Byng, 1st viscount, xlii /?., 375, 378 Totnes, Devon, 100 Toulon, xxix n. Tower Hamlets, xx Tower Hill, 245, 247 Trade, coasting, xxxix «., 2, 4-7, 9, 87-8, 116, 236, 337, 360; and steamers, 356; and R.N.R., 289-90, 293, 367; French, 332; see Colliers Trade, foreign, 5-7, 71, 87-8, 92, 116, 152-4, 157, 177, 180-1, 192, 200, 236, 239 «.; and pressing, xxviii, 1 sqq., 19, 40, 51, 72-4, 77, 88, 92-3, 95-6, 157, 181; and R.N.R., 290-1, 363-4, 367, 369, 371; Gilmore’s reserve, 307, 309, 314; French, 116, 178-9,233,332,334-6; see East and West Indies, Embargoes, Mercantile Marine, Shipmasters, Shipowners Trades, freedom of, 45, 63, 106, 150 /?.; represented on St. Domingo, 352-3; Elizabeth, 355 n. Trafalgar, battle, 190, 201, 353, 383, 387; Roll, xvi n. Trained Man money, 307, 309, 370 Training ships, xliv-vi, xlviii /?., 190 sqq. naval brigs, 257-8, 260, 263, 275, 314, 320, 324 «., 326, 329; merchant service, 323-4, 329; Sulivan’s school-ships, xlv; Hardwicke, xliv-v, 364; Grey, 324-7; costs, 192-3, 325; see Ships (mercantile) Transports, naval, 253, 257-98, 314; cost of hiring, 258; Transport Board, 387; Connolly’s service, 256-9; see Troop ships Trawl-boats, 178 Treasury, 323 «., 361, 377: see Exchequer Treby, Sir Geo., L. C. J., 378 Trevor, Jn, 378 Trinidad, 380 Trinity House, of Deptford Strond, xxxiv, xli-ii /2., 48 TI., 65, 240, 382 Troop ships, 211, 321 /?.; see Soldiers, Transports Trotter, Dr. Thos., physician and author, xx, 382 Tryon, Adm. Sir Geo.: see Manning Enquiries Trumbull, Sir Wm., 379 Tucker, Capt. Wm., 120 n. Turner, Chas. (M.P.), 337 /;. Turners, 264 Turnovers, xxvii, 16, 37, 55-6, 58, 97, 185 Tutchin, Jn., Observator, xxvi n., xxix Tyne, river, pressing, 151 n., 152 n., 155 «.; wage-riots, 156 /?.; see Coal, Colliers, Keelmen Tyrol, 228 Under-manning: see Manning requirements Unemployment, after naval discharge, xxxv, 86, 92, 106, 115, 150 ;i., 155 /?., 215, 246, 297; servants, 265 Uniform, for King’s Men, xxxiv, 89; H.M.’s Seamen, 96; R.N., 219; R.N.R., 310, 370 United Provinces: see Holland United Service Journal, The, xviii n. United States of America, 136, 184-5, 316, 388; navy, xliv-v, 160, 180-1, 184, 197 /»., 200, 233; immigration of Brit, seamen, xxxix, 153 /?., 158, 160, 166-8, 171, 235, 246; embargo (1807), 167; war of 1812, 199-200; annexations, 227 /;., 241 //.; civil war, 319; Americans on St. Domingo, 352; on Elizabeth, 355 n.-, see American independence Uphill, Somerset, 101 Urquhart, Thos., shipowner and author, iv, xvii, xviii n., xliii, 346, 349, 351, 353 Vagrants, 10, 14, 35, 149; seamen as, 5; their families, 75, 107 Vernon, Adm. Edw., xix, xxvi, xxix /?., xxxvi /?., 120 71., 382. 386 Vavasor, Lt. Rd., 120 n. Venezuela, 382 Venice, manning, 79 Vernon, Capt. Edw., 120 n. Vice-Admirals, of counties, xxviii, 19, 21-2 Victuallers: see Innkeepers Victualling Office, 44; yards. 264 Victuals, naval, 13-14, 18, 20, 32, 37, 59, 112, 162-3, 182, 191-2, 212-13, 364, 379; in Dutch navy, 80, 81 /?.; Swedish merchantmen, 82; victualling store allowance, 266; for R.N.C.V. and R.N.R., 277, 368, 371; Gilmore, 311-12 Viner, Sir Rob., goldsmith, 374 Volunteers, for navy, xxxii, xxxiv-vi, 38-9, 44-5, 47, 93, 138-9, 164, 171, 179, 193, 282, 304, 322, 358-60; from Indiamen, 166 n. in lieu of press, 197; pressed men as, 139; rendezvous, 357-8, 372; recruiting staff, 373; for Marine Corps, 169-70; American, 181; see Enlistment, Reserves Wager, Adm. Sir Chas., xxx, 72 /?., 74, 75 n.. Wages, in merchantmen, xxxvi, xxxix, 2, 34-5, 43, 51-2, 78, 83 «., 91, 95-6, 116, 140, 153, 155-7, 166, 189, 235; inflated by pressing, xxviii, 6-7, 16-17, 40, 51, 69, 88, 155, 164; lost by pressing, 76 n., 92-3, 136-7; deductions, xxxii, 47 7i., 68, 90 /?., 106, 150 /;.; Marine Plan, 339-41, 346; Pulteney, 339 /?.; see Colliers, Crimpage Wages, naval: see Pay Wainfleet, Lines., 102 Wainwright, Capt. J., 170 //. INDEX 409 Waistcrs. 247-8. 252, 350; see Land(s)men Wales, impressment in, 302; Welsh on St Domingo, 352-3 Walpole, Sir Rob., xxx, xxxv //., xl «., xli, 77 «., 386, 388 Wapping. xlii, 75, 360 War of 1812. 199-200 Ward-room: see Mess Ware barges, 25 Warenmouth. Northumberland, 102 Warrant Officers, 39, 53. 55, 66. 78, 83 /?., 212, 306, 308-9. 321 //.. 346. 387; book-keeping, 112-13; master-at-arms, 271-2; and mutiny, 141-2 /?.; pay, 141-2; prize money, 146; promotion to quarterdeck, 258; stores, 113; widows. 142 /?.. 364: and see (1) Chaplains, Masters, Pursers, Schoolmasters, Surgeons; (2) Boatswains, Carpenters, Gunners; (3) Armourers, Caulkers, Cooks, Ropemakers, Sailmakers Warren, Adm. Sir J. Borlase, xxii /;., putative author, 384 Wast Cumberland, 101 Waste lands, drainage of, 94 Watch and ward, 63; France, 332 Watch bills, 197-8, 258, 350; watchkeepers, 258; see Divisions Watermen, xxxiii, 13, 25 sqq.. 44, 63, 75, 79, 153 //.. 154, 352; Company (Thames), xxxiii, 13 /!.. 19, 20, 44, 81, 197, 283, 385 Watermen’s Hall, xxxiii, 19; see Watermen Wear, river, 155 /;. Weights and measures, 389 Welbeck abbey, Notts., 375 Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st duke, 195, 228 /?., 234, 356 /;., 384 Wells, Norfolk, 101 West, Vice-Adm. Temple. 120 //. West Indies, xli. 34, 161. 189 /?.; voyages, 47, 78, 153, 157, 189 w., 309, 390; Hosier’s squadron (1726), xxiv, 73-4, 75; naval stations, 115, 136, 250. 372, 382; crew of St. Domingo, 352; French. 334; see separate islands Western barges, 25 Weymouth, Dorset, 23, 38, 100 Whalers, xxxv /?., .150 Wherries, 197 Whitby, Yorks, 344 White, Mr. (of Cowes), yacht-builder, 231 /?. Whitehaven. Cumberland, 344 Whitewashers, 252 Widows, 13, 150 «., 341 /?.; of navy men, xxxii, 45, 62, 63. 64-5, 90, 105, 108, 143, 368; warrant officers. 142 /?., 365; R.N.R., 368; see Families Wight, Isle of, 197, 374, 381: see Cowes, St. Helen’s Wilberforce, Sam. (M.P.), xvii /;., xxii /;., 161 «., 387 Willes, Capt. G. O., 322 /?.; for R.N.R. enquiry, see Mayo William I, king, 300-1 William III, king, xxvi, 2, 16 /;., 91. 375-6, 379 William IV, king. 188 /;.. 384; see Clarence Williamson, Jn., Liverpool Shipowners Committee, 326 /;. Wills, of seamen. 59-60 Wilson, Capt. J. C., xiv /?., xlv /?., xlvii n. Winchester, Hants., 381 Wisbech, Huntingdon, 101 Wivenhoe. Essex, 101 Wood, Sir Chas. (M.P.), 1st Viscount Halifax, 195 w., 203 w., 372, 390 Wood, Capt. Thos., xxii /;. Wood. Wm., 388 Woodbridge, Suffolk, 102 Woolwich, dockyard. 207 Worthing, Sussex, xxxvi n. Wyndham, Sir Wm. (M.P.), xxx Yachts named: Corsair, 230 Galatea, 230 Talisman, 230 Waterwitch, 230, 231 /;. Wyvern, 230 /?. Zephyretta, 230 n. Yachts, naval, 59, 103; for pressing, 18, 66; for pleasure. 228 sqq., 375. 380; clubs, 227, 230-1, 381 Yarborough, C. A. Worsley. 2nd earl, 231 Yarmouth, Norfolk, 23. 102, 157, 344, 390 Yates. Lt. E. V., 120 n. Yeomanry: see Militia Yeomen, 251; of signals, 349; boatswain’s, 351; carpenter’s, 351 Yonge, Sir Geo. (M.P.), xl n. York, England, 375, 38
Born in 1913, John Selwyn Bromley was educated at Bedford School and at New College, Oxford, before serving briefly as a lecturer at the University of Liverpool before the outbreak of war. He joined the Civil Service and was Private Secretary to the Financial Secretary to the Treasury between 1941 and 1946. He was Fellow in Modern History at Keble College, Oxford, between 1947 and 1960, and Professor of Modern History at the University of Southampton, between 1960 and 1977. He published widely and is best known for Volume VI of the New Cambridge Modern History, published in 1970. He was a keen promoter of Anglo-Dutch historical studies, and initiated a series of conferences in this field; as a result, he was made a Commander of the Order of Orange-Nassau in 1976. He was elected an honorary Vice-President of the Society for Nautical Research in 1981, and died in Southampton on 17 April 1985, aged 71.
Publications include:
• Corsairs and Navies, 1660-1760, 1987
• The Clockmakers’ Library : the catalogue of the books and manuscripts in the library of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers, 1977
• The Manning of the Royal Navy : selected public pamphlets, 1693-1873 (Navy Records Society), 1974-1976
• Statesmen, Scholars and Merchants : essays in eighteenth-century history presented to Dame Lucy Sutherland, 1973
• New Cambridge Modern History – Volume VI – The Rise of Great Britain and Russia, 1688-1715, 1970
• William III and Louis XIV : Essays 1680-1720, 1968
• Britain and the Netherlands : Papers delivered to the Anglo-Dutch Historical Conference, 1962, 1964
• History and the Younger Generation : an inaugural lecture delivered at the University on 28th November, 1961, 1962
• The Armorial Bearings of the Guilds of London : a record of the heraldry of the surviving companies with historical notes, 1960
• The Man of Ten Talents : A Portrait of Richard Chenevix Trench, 1807-86; Philologist, Poet, Theologian, Archbishop, 1959
Sign up to our mailing list to receive the latest updates: