INDEX See also Chatfield, Fisher, Pound, Backhouse, Cunningham, A.B. Aegean Sea, 201–2, 205, 374 Air Council, 7, 30 Alba, Duke of, 488, 488 n. 1 Albania, 389, 509–11 Alexandria: and potential conflict with Italy, 65, 72, 97, 113, 145; and concentration of fleet, 67, 70, 74, 385, 389, 433, 444–8; British forces at, 118, 122, 158; base defences, 125, 135, 146, 158–9, 164, 520; and end of Ethiopian crisis, 182–3, 185; and floating dock, 363, 372, 390, 517, 537–8; and AA defences, 390, 446, 535–7; mentioned, 10 n. 2 Algeria, 392, 492, 533 Almeria, 198, 254, 257–8, 263 Amsden, Captain William F. (USN), 210 Anderson, Captain Walter Stratton (USN), 167 Anglo-French Agreement (1937), 311–13, 318, 320–21 Anglo-French staff talks, 384, 391, 490. See also Pound, Cunningham, A.B., France, Navy Anglo-German Naval Agreement (1935), 64 Apfel, Mr. Edwin, 501–2, 504 Arliss, Commander Stephen H.T., 264 Arzeu, 202, 204, 319, 323, 359 Atlantic Fleet, 3 n. 2, 5, 9, 12, 17, 18 n. 1, 21. See also Home Fleet Aubert, Capitaine de frégate Yves, 272–3 Augusta: in British war plans, 392, 526, 533–4, 550, 552; mentioned, 66, 68, 78, 104, 140, 150–51 Backhouse, Vice Admiral Roger: career, 46 n. 2; C-in-C Home Fleet, 69–70, 87–8, 116–17, 119–20, 150–53, 155; designated 1SL, 376, 406–7; Abrail, Vice Amiral Jean Marie Charles, 529, 529 n. 1 Abyssinia see Ethopia Aden, 106, 161, 172–3, 177, 186, 361, 363 Admiralty: and Malta, 7–8, 34–5, 51–2, 82; strength of Mediterranean Fleet, 9, 16–17, 20–22, 50–51, 71; and Gibraltar, 28, 153–4, 245–6; and Turkey, 55–6, 531; potential conflict with Italy (1935), 64–5, 68–70, 74, 78 n. 3, 91, 93, 112–15, 126, 148–50; reversion to normal conditions (1936), 74, 75, 170–73, 176, 183–7; and Spanish Civil War, 194, 196–7, 197, 199–201, 204–5, 224–31; and non-intervention committee, 233–5, 244–5, 261–2, 266; and incidents with British warships, 255–6, 259 n. 1, 288, 290; attacks on merchant shipping, 278, 283, 336 n. 1, 351–2, 366–71; and “pirate” submarine attacks, 296–8, 302–4, 335; and Nyon agreements, 313–15, 317, 320–21, 350–51; and German warships in Spain, 322, 410, 521–2; and relaxation of Nyon patrols, 353, 369, 383, 396, 420; and Czechoslovak crisis, 384–5, 427–9, 432, 434–5, 437–8; and renewal of attacks on shipping, 399, 403–4, 420–21, 424; and Italian occupation of Albania, 386, 389, 509, 511–14; and Spanish Morocco, 393, 540; and Greek territorial waters, 393, 541; and Mediterranean strategy, 489–91; 515–16, 539–40; staff talks with French, 527–8, 531, 534; and 1939 cruise programme, 528; and Hague Treaty rules for conduct of war, 540–43; and Italy, 394–5, 557–8. Officers are usually listed under the ranks they held when first mentioned. 570 THE MEDITERRANEAN FLEET, 1930–1939 and Czechoslovak crisis, 385, 441–2; and alleged pessimism in Mediterranean Fleet, 387, 463, 471; and attacks on British shipping, 466–7; programme for 1939, 470–71; mentioned, 3, 46, 49, 89, 324, 358, 393, 489. See also Admiralty, Home Fleet Badoglio, Marshal Pietro, 175 Bailey, Rear Admiral Sidney Robert, 134 Bain, Commander D.K., 472 Balbo, Maresciallo dell’Aria Italo, 33 Baldwin, Stanley, 163 n. 1 Balearic Islands: 192. See also Palma, Majorca, Minorca Barcelona: situation, 219–24, 270; evacuation, 472–6 Bastarreche, Rear Admiral Francisco: port admiral at Palma, 199, 274, 277, 278; and attacks on British merchant ships, 351; at Cadiz, 364–5; mentioned, 283–4 Beatty, Admiral of the Fleet 1st Earl, 3 Beckett, Lieut. Commander Roger Caton, 239–41 Bernotti, Ammiraglio di Squadra Romeo, 349–50, 358, 396, 398 Bevan, Captain Richard Hugh Lorraine, 14 Binney, Rear Admiral Thomas Hugh: career, 89 n. 2; in Aegean, 338, 343, 347–8, 355, 357; mentioned, 211, 218, 407 Bizerta, 133, 137, 139 Black, Vice Consul R.A., 364 Blake, Rear Admiral Geoffrey, 47, 360, 374 Blehaut, Capitaine de vaisseau Henri Paul, 545 Bonham-Carter, Lieut. General Charles, 188, 360 Borghese, Lieutenant Junio, 200, 204 n. 1 Bourragué, Contre Amiral Célestin Jean Léon, 555 Boyd, Captain Denis William, 169 Boyle, Admiral Sir William Henry Dudley, 39, 46, 156, 161, 463–4 Brandaris, General J., 478–9 Brownrigg, Vice Admiral Henry John, 89, 146 Cables, undersea, 70, 129–30 Cadiz, 363–5 Cagliari, 69, 114, 116–18, 120 Calvert, Rear Admiral Thomas Frederick Parker, 403–5 Camin, Judge, 475 Campbell, Major General David Gtaham, 25 n. 1 Casado, Colonel Segismundo, 501–3 Casement, Lieut. Colonel J.J., 479 Cazenave, Enseigne de vaisseau H.L.R., 138–40 Chamberlin, Neville, 48, 205 Chatfield, Admiral Alfred Ernle Montacute: career, 14 n. 1; commands Mediterranean Fleet, 3–9, 14–16; and defence of Suez Canal, 10, 44–5; and strength of Mediterranean Fleet, 17–20, 42–4, 383, 418; and visit of Prince of Wales, 22–5; and Defence Requirements Committee, 38 n. 2 and n3, 48; and Silver Jubilee Review, 45–6; and Samos incident, 47–8; programme, 48–9; and Keyes, 49–50; and Ethiopian crisis, 67–8, 73, 74, 93–102, 162–6, 182; critical of British foreign policy, 109, 362–3; and Spanish Civil War, 194, 196, 246, 330–31, 347–8; and Noyon agreements, 201, 203, 306–7, 421 n. 1; and German threat, 206, 360–61; and Japan, 206, 375–6; and potential American cooperation, 375–6; and defence of Egypt, 361; and MTBs, 362. See also Admiralty, Fisher, Pound Chilton, Sir Henry, 367 n. 1 Chetwode, Vice Admiral George, 33 Chetwode, Field Marshal Philip, 476 Chiefs of Staff Committee: and potential war with Italy, 69, 72, 94, 96, 111, 135–6, 147; and Libya, 205, 344–6; mentioned, 206, 360 Churchill, Winston S., 359 Ciano, Galeazzo, 515 Committee of Imperial Defence: and Gibraltar, 6, 28; and defence requirements, 38 n. 2; and Mediterranean area, 52–3, 361, priorities, 206, 372 Companys, Don Luis, 222 Cooper, Alfred Duff, 343, 421 n. 1 Corfu, 21–3, 389, 512. See also Greece Corinth Canal, 391, 451–2, 525, 541. See also Greece Cork and Orrey, Earl see Boyle, Admiral Sir William Courage, Lieut. Commander R.E., 231, 285 Backhouse, Vice Admiral Roger: (cont’d) INDEX 571 Cox, Reverend Hubert, 275 Cunningham, Rear Admiral Andrew Browne: career, 122 n. 4; and Fisher, 66, 122, 161; and Spanish Civil War, 331–4, 381–2, 387, 400–403, 467–8, 489; as Mediterranean C-in-C, 393–4, 426, 526 n. 1, 538–9; as DCNS, 516; meeting with French, 394, 518, 545–52; plans for war, 538, 552–7; and International Law, 542–4; mentioned, 168, 407. See also Admiralty, Mediterranean Fleet Cunningham, Captain John Henry Dacres, 121 Cyprus, 10 n. 2, 175, 362–3 Czechoslovak Crisis (1938), 384–5, 388, 427, 429–30, 436–42, Daily Mail, 281 Danckwerts, Captain Victor Hilary, 169 Dangerfield, Commander, 331 Darlan, Amiral de la Flotte François Xavier, 555 Defence Requirements Committee, 48 Deverell, Commander G.R., 249–53 Dreyer, Admiral Frederic Charles, 109 n. 1, 156 Dundas, Captain John George Lawrence, 546 Eden, Robert Anthony, 78–9, 181, 343 Edward, Prince of Wales: visits fleet, 22–5; as King Edward VIII, 187 Egypt: defence of, 70, 72, 205, 343–5, 359–61, 490; and Czechoslovak crisis, 433; mentioned, 65, 177, 184, 188, 324. See also Alexandria, Suez Canal, Sollum, Mersa Matruh Esteva, Vice Amiral Jean Pierre: career, 311 n. 1; meeting with Pound, 202–3, 311, 315, 318, 320, 349–50, 358; mentioned, 396, 397, 401, 529, 532 Ethiopia, 11, 63–4. See also Italy, League of Nations, Haile Selassie Evans, Rear Admiral Alfred Englefield, 178, 185, 537 Eyres-Monsell, Bolton Meredith, 165 n. 1 “Fairey Queen” (drone), 26–7 Faringdon, 2nd Baron, 503 Field, Admiral Sir Frederick L., 3 Firth, Commander Charles Leslie, 187 Fischel, Konteradmiral Hermann von, 266–7 Fisher, Neville, 124 Fisher, Admiral William Wordsworth: career, 26 n. 1; as C-in-C Mediterranean Fleet, 3, 6, 10, 26–8, 33, 39–42, 46, 131; and Malta defences, 7–8, 29–31, 37–9, 80–81, 89–90, 108; and Turkey, 47 n. 2, 55 n. 3, 56 n. 1; and passage of fleet to the Far East, 56–9; and potential conflict with Italy, 64–8, 70, 72–3, 78–9, 91; 392 n. 2; and strength of Mediterranean Fleet, 71, 132–3; and French Navy, 72; on vulnerability of capital ships to air, 73, 179–80; and Home Fleet, 75–80; and Port “X”, 91–2, 135 n. 1; planned operations, 103–4, 117, 155; on situation at Alexandria, 121, 130–31; and Backhouse, 152, 155; to be C-in-C Portsmouth, 156; provides summary of Ethiopian crisis, 157–9; mentioned, 123–4, 159–61. See also Alexandria, Mediterranean Fleet, Admiralty, Chatfield Flandin, Pierre Etienne, 162 Fleet Air Arm: and potential conflict with Italy, 66, 84, 392; 802 Squadron, 83–4; 812 Squadron, 83–4; 820 Squadron, 178; 823 Squadron, 83–4; 825 Squadron, 83–4; mentioned, 49, 83, 91, 131, 447, 454 Forbes, Vice Admiral Charles Morton, 122, 131, 188, 376, 471 Forcinal, Albert, 503, 505 Ford, Vice Admiral Wilbraham Tennyson Randle, 510 Fouad I, King of Egypt, 168–9 France: as potential enemy, 7; and Ethiopian crisis, 64–5, 71–2, 76, 79 n. 2, 98, 101, 105, 162–3; discussions with British, 110–11, 127–8, 136–7; and Spanish Civil War, 192, 201, 306–7; and Tunisia, 393; numerical inferiority of air force, 533, 539–40. See also France, Navy, Nyon Agreements France, Navy: large destroyers, 272; officers in Spain, 273; and Nyon agreement, 298, 311–14, 318, 323, 396; visit to Malta, 358; and potential war with Germany, 384, 431; role in war with Italy, 391, 394, 414; arrangements for liaison officers, 427, 527–8, 531–2, 572 THE MEDITERRANEAN FLEET, 1930–1939 539–40, 545–52; staff talks with British, 491–2, 518, 529; planned operations, 554–5; forces available, 557 n. 1. See also Laborde, Michelier, Estiva, Ollive Franco y Bahamonde, Generalissimo Francisco: career, 272 n. 1; and attacks on British ships, 465 n. 1, 466, 469–70; and San Luis, 480, 483; recognized by British and French, 494 n. 1, 497 n. 1; mentioned, 191, 206, 272, 387, 403, 412, 467, 477. See also Spain, Nationalist Franco y Bahamonde, Colonel Ramon, 242–3 French, Vice Admiral Wilfred Frankland, 85, 89–90 Gambardella, Ammiraglio di squadra Fausto, 14–15 Gandia, 500, 502, 504–6 Gascoigne, Instructor Lieut. J.C., 479–80 Genoa, 69–70, 108, 114, 116–18, 120, 555 George V, King of England, 10, 25 George II, King of the Hellenes, 426 George, Prince, 4, 22–5 Germany: and Spanish Civil War, 191, 195, 264 n. 3; and Great Britain, 197–8, 202; aggressive policies, 383–4, strength of air power, 442. See also Germany, Navy Germany, Navy: and Great Britain, 222; and Spanish Civil War, 322, 409, 519; and Czechoslovak crisis, 427–8, 441; on Spanish coast, 521–2 Gibraltar: poor air defences, 6, 26, 28; submarine defences, 82, 86; and British naval operations, 148, 152–4; and Spanish Civil War, 196, 245–6; and German threat, 384, 537; and Czechoslovak crisis, 429–30, 436–40, 450–51; and war plans, 523–4, 556. See also Mediterranean Fleet, Home Fleet Glinsky, Captain, 281 Godfrey, Captain John Henry: career, 207 n. 1; and Spanish Civil War, 207–10, 212–14, 275 n. 2; proceedings in Aegean, 337–43, 355–7; and Palestine, 426 Gooden, Mr. A., 500, 503 Goolden, Captain Francis Hugh. 219–24 Gordon, Lieut. Commander R.C., 262–4 Great Britain: and Spanish Civil War, 193–6, 198–9. See also Great Britain, Board of Trade, Great Britain, Foreign Office Great Britain, Army: Gordon Highlanders, 188, 207–8, 212; Worcestershire Regiment, 27; 11th Hussars, 146 Great Britain, Board of Trade, 421 n. 1, 501 Great Britain, Cabinet, 69, 73–4, 81, 163, 167, 434 Great Britain, Foreign Office: and Ethiopian crisis, 74, 126, 129, 163 n. 1, 165, 182; and Turkey, 9, 48, 55; and Spanish Civil War, 303, 369, 382, 387, 407, 409, 421 n. 1; and Hillgarth, 303; and surrender of Minorca, 476 n. 3, 478; and Spanish refugees, 504; mentioned, 55, 79, 86, 107 Greece: and British use of ports, 91, 93–4, 98, 136, 145, 147, 201, 317, 320; protest over Skyros, 205, 399–40; use of territorial waters, 391, 393, 524–5, 538, 541; and Italian threat to Corfu, 389, 512. See also Aegean, Skyros, Corinth Canal, Corfu Greece, Navy, 358, 389, 391, 426 Hague Convention (1907), 149–50, 541, 543–4 Haifa: and Ethiopian crisis, 67, 74, 130, 157; defences, 164, 183, 185, 520; use in war, 448, 458, 460; 556 Haile Selassie, 175 n. 3 Haining, Lieut. General Robert Hadden, 426 Halifax, Viscount (Edward Frederick Lindley Wood), 387, 465–6 Hallifax, Captain Guy W., 15 Hammick, Captain Alexander Robert, 492–6 Hemsted, Paymaster Captain James Rustat, 176 Henderson, Vice Admiral Reginald Guy Hannam, 363 Hillgarth, Lieut. Commander Alan Hugh: career, 209 n. 1; at Palma, 194, 208–9, 411; and attacks on British ships, 244, 382, 407–8, 499; praised, 273–5, 413; and Minorca, 387, 476–8, 482–4, 487–8; mentioned, 413 Hitler, Adolph, 7, 163, 198, 441–2, 528 France, Navy: (cont’d) INDEX 573 Hoare, Sir Samuel, 63–4, 72, 74, 181, 217–18 Home Fleet: combined exercises with Mediterranean Fleet, 39; situation, 43, 46, 50–51; passage to Far East, 53, 58; and potential conflict with Italy, 66–7, 69, 71, 116–17, 127, 152; reinforces Mediterranean, 77, 87–8, 93, 132, 165; question of leave, 134–5; and easing of tension, 176, 184; and Spanish Civil War, 193, 200, 204, 234; destroyers for Mediterranean, 300, 302–3; and Nyon patrols, 419–22. See also Atlantic Fleet, Backhouse Horan, Captain Henry Edward, 374, 406 Horton, Rear Admiral Max, 155, 207 n. 2 Hutton, Captain Fitzroy Evelyn Patrick, 408 n. 4 Iachino, Contrammiraglio Angelo, 250 im Thurn, Vice Admiral John Knowles, 32, 39, 55 n. 3 Ingersoll, Captain Royal E. (USN), 375 n. 1 International Delegation for Relief and Refugees in Central Spain, 503–5 International Red Cross, 269, 505–6 Invergordon Mutiny, 5, 33 n. 2, 49, 193 Italy: threat of air force, 7, 29–30, 33, 67, 76, 443, 533; and Ethiopia, 11, 63, 64, 69, 110, 163–4, 166; and Yugoslavia, 35; and belligerent rights, 71, 115, 126; strategic disadvantages, 94–5, 97, 101; geographical advantages, 96–7, 100–101, 443; and Spanish Civil War, 188, 191–3, 195, 214–15, 411–12, 482, 487; and attacks on British ships, 244, 466–7; and Nyon agreements, 297, 323, 327–8, 349–50; in Chatfield’s opinion, 362–3; and Great Britain, 372, 383; and Czechoslovak crisis, 433–4; and Red Sea, 441; and Albania, 509, 511–12, 515. See also Italy, Navy, League of Nations Italy, Navy: improvement, 15; and Spanish Civil War, 192, 195, 198, 201–2, 398, 407, 459; and Great Britain, 197, 222, covert submarine activity, 316, 381; and Nyon agreements, 202–3; visit to Malta, 425–6; strength, 95, 413–14, 452–3. See also Ricci, Bernotti James, Mr. J.H., 488 James, Vice Admiral William Milbourne, 73, 162–6, 183, 194, 246, 416–18, 421 n. 1 Japan: potential threat to Suez Canal, 10, 53–4, 57–8; situation in Far East, 64, 206, 363, 375–6, 383–4 Jerram, Paymaster Commander Rowland, 183 Junod, Dr. Marcel, 269 Jutland, Battle of, 4, 248 Kennedy-Purvis, Vice Admiral Charles Edward, 400, 407 Kerdudo, Contre Amiral, 473, 475 Keyes, Admiral of the Fleet Roger John Brownlow, 49–50, 358 Kindelán y Duany, General Alfredo, 487 Kinloch, Lieut. David Charles, 150 Laborde, Vice Amiral Jean Joseph, Comte de, 72, 138–42 Lackey, Rear Admiral Henry E. (USN), 473 Lampson, Sir Miles Wedderburn, 115, 155, 169, 361, 363 Laval, Pierre, 63, 72 Layton, Rear Admiral Geoffrey, 385, 407, 436–40, 463, 508–9 League of Nations: and Italy, 8, 11, 63–5, 71, 74–7; votes sanctions, 69, 93–4, 101–2, 105, 110, 126, 162–3, 173–4, 182; and Spanish Civil War, 198; mentioned, 36, 165, 167, 170–72 Leatham, Rear Admiral Ralph, 464 Leckie, Air Commodore Robert, 546 Libya: and Italian forces, 205, 343, 345; and British war plans, 386, 391, 461–2, 490, 524, 533, 548. See also Tobruk Little, Vice Admiral Charles James Colebrooke, 77–9, 109 Locarno, Treaty, 7 London Naval Treaty (1930), 48, 95, 308, 325, 351, 398–9, 403, 470 Lyon, Rear Admiral George Hamilton D’Oyly, 59, 122, 130, 160, 175 Lyster, Captain Arthur, 392 MacDonald, James Ramsey, 49 Mackenzie, Captain K.H.L., 87 Maclean, Air Vice Marshal Cuthbert T., 115 Maddalena, 69, 118, 120, 128 Majorca, 214–16, 467–8, 487. See also Palma, Balearic Islands 574 THE MEDITERRANEAN FLEET, 1930–1939 Malaga, 216–18, 249–53 Malta: air defences lamentable, 6–7, 29–32, 34–5, 37–8, 83; viability as base, 8, 97, 99, 108, 458–9; combined operations at, 27, 33–4; political crisis, 38–9; in war with Italy, 65–6, 76, 456, 533; defences evaluated, 82, 84–5, 145, 157, 387, 390, 520; naval families, 124–5, 390, 516–17, 521; return of fleet, 176, 187; visit of Turkish fleet, 10, 192; submarine shelters, 372; and Italian occupation of Albania, 389, 511–13, 515–16; visit of Italian warships, 425; and Czechoslovak crisis, 449–50; British forces at, 556. See also Mediterranean Fleet, Fisher, Pound Marriott, Captain J.P.R., 122–3, 156, 174 Meade-Fetherstonhaugh, Admiral Sir Herbert, 463 Mediterranean Fleet: strength of, 3, 9, 16–17, 20–22, 42–5, 50–51, 71, 74, 132, 134, 181–3; and a war with Japan, 3, 52–9; annual routine, 3–4, 10, 15–16; visit of royal princes, 4, 22–5; exercises, 4–5, 12–13, 39, 160–61, 192; redistribution of forces, 5, 16–17; strategical investigations, 35–7; vulnerability to air attack, 6, 8, 96; 179–80; and “Fairey Queen” drones, 8; and silver anniversary review, 10; preparedness for war, 39–42, 102–3; and potential conflict with Italy, 64–9, 127, 144–6; easing of tensions over Ethiopia, 176–7, 182, 184–5; and Spanish Civil War, 192–4, 196, 218–19, 231–41, 381, 388; and coronation review, 193; role in war with Germany, 384; and Czechoslovak crisis, 384, 433; alleged pessimism in fleet, 386–7; and Italian occupation of Albania, 389, 510–13; on outbreak of war, 394–5; comparison with Italian fleet, 413–15; adequacy of fleet, 451–7; false rumors, 508 n. 1. See also Fisher, Pound, Cunningham, Admiralty, Alexandria, Malta Mersa Matruh, 122, 135, 146, 345 n. 1 Metaxas, General Ioannis, 339 Meyrick, Rear Admiral Sidney Julius, 160 Miaja, General José, 270, 274 Miles, Captain Geoffrey John Audley, 247–9 Minorca, 387–8, 476–86, 488. See also Port Mahon, Muirhead-Gould Mobil Naval Base, 65, 67–8, 74, 104, 135, 183, 186. See also Port “X” Moore, Rear Admiral Henry Ruthven, 546–7 Moreno, Vice Admiral Francisco: and attacks on neutral ships, 351–2, 366–8, 370, 381–2, 399, 401–4, 407–8, 411–12, 499–500; and surrender of Minorca, 476–8, 487–9; mentioned, 409, 413. See also Spain, Navy (Nationalist) Moriondo di Morenco, Contrammiraglio Alberto, 411 Mountbatten, Commander Louis, 72, 138–44, 151, 202 Mudros, 300, 310, 338, 355–7 Muirhead-Gould, Captain Gerard C.: career, 326 n. 1; and perceived submarine attack, 326–7; and Czechoslovak crisis, 385, 434–5; and surrender of Minorca, 387, 476–86; and press interview, 486, 488; and evacuation of embassy staff, 471–6; mentioned, 489, 497 Muselier, Contre Amiral Emile Henri Désiré, 142–3 Mussolini, Benito: career, 78 n. 1; and bellicose statements, 7, 63–4, 78, remains neutral, 394, and Czechoslovak crisis, 433, 441; and Greece, 515; mentioned, 4, 109, 146, 205, 395, 467 Negrin, Dr. Juan, 473, 501 n. 1 Neville, Lieut. Commander E., 138–40, 144 News Chronicle, 281 Non Intervention Committee, 192, 195, 233–5, 249, 251, 253, 265 Norman, Commander Horace Geoffrey, 406 Nyon Agreements: proposals, 306–9; Anglo-French agreement, 201–2, 311–13, 320–21; and Germany, 322; and Mediterranean Fleet, 325–6, 331, 351; joined by Italy, 327–30, 341–50, 381; reduction of patrols, 396–7; recurrence of attacks, 398, 404, 419–23, 465–6, 468, 470; mentioned, 338–9, 383 Okengit, Lieutenant Hilmi, 340 INDEX 575 Ollive, Vice Amiral Emmanuel, 394, 545, 547–8 Packer, Captain Herbert Annesley, 339–40 Palestine, 188, 192, 344, 426. See also Haifa Palma, 208–10, 466. See also Majorca Palmer, Sir Herbert Richmond, 175 Phillips, Captain Thomas Spencer Vaughn, 245–6, 375 n. 1 Pipon, Rear Admiral Murray, 82, 197, 239, 245, 254, 258–9 Porcel, Dr. Jose, 411 Port Mahon, 477–85, 487. See also Minorca Port Said, 10, 52, 54, 59, 107, 113, 118 Port “X”: in British plans, 65, 67–72, 91–2, 98–9, 101, 104, 111; and Royal Marines, 125–6; temporary abandonment, 135, 144; mentioned, 89, 112–14, 123, 128, 131, 147. See also Mobil Naval Base Pound, Vice Admiral Alfred Dudley Pickman Rogers: career, 46 n. 1; as Chief of Staff to Fisher, 70, 121, 123–4, 159–60; assumes command of Mediterranean Fleet, 73–4, 159–61, 165, 193; and end of Ethiopian crisis, 167–70, 174, 177, 187; aand Spanish Civil War, 194, 196–202, 204–5, 207, 275–6; meeting with Esteva, 202–3, 318, 320; and German threat, 206, 322, 384, and Japan, 206, 383–4, 405; visits to Spanish ports, 211, 214–18; and non intervention committee, 236–8, 260–62, 265, 292; and attacks on British ships, 241–2, 266–7, 276–9, 368–9, 382; and mining of Hunter, 257–60, 267; and question of belligerent rights, 282–4; and attacks by unknown submarines, 290, 293–6, 299–302, 305–6; and Nyon agreements, 310–11, 315–16, 319–21, 335; and Italians, 323, 382–3, 413–15; and situation in Warspite, 324, 406; and Basilisk affair, 331–2, 334–5, 359; and reinforcement of western Mediterranean, 336–7, 346; and defence of Egypt, 343–4, 372; and reduction of Nyon patrols, 345–6, 353–5, 371, 383, 396–7; and Ilex affair, 347–8, 359; meeting with French and Italian admirals, 349–50, 358; and MTBs, 372–3; and Czechoslovak crisis, 384–6, 426, 428–31; and situation in Mediterranean (Oct. 1938), 443–60; and alleged pessimism in Mediterranean Fleet, 387, 465; and Albanian crisis, 389, 510–14; and AA defences of Malta and Alexandria, 390, 535–7; and Nyon patrols, 405, 419–24; and Spanish Nationalist submarines, 409–10; staff talks with French, 391, 491–2, 529–30; plans for war, 392, 424–5, 519–26, 531, 534–5; and Italian visit to Malta, 425–6; fleet programme (1939), 507–8, 530; and naval families at Malta, 516–17; becomes First Sea Lord, 393; mentioned, 112, 463. See also Admiralty, Mediterranean Fleet Pouritch, Bojidar, 181 n. 3 Pridham, Captain Arthur Francis, 426 “Queen Bee” drones, 73, 154, 156, 160, 179–80 Raikes, Rear Admiral Robert Henry Taunton, 122, 155 Ramsay, Vice Admiral Alexander Robert Maude, 131, 154, 187 Ransome, Lieut. Commander P.C., 232 n. 1 Red Sea: and undersea cables, 70, 74; and Italian Navy, 100, 105–6, 172; and British forces, 105–6, 556; British plans in event of war, 107, 361, 455–6, 490–91 Riccardi, Ammiraglio di Squadra Arturo, 425 Richmond, Commander Maxwell, 279–82 Robert, Vice Amiral Georges, 16 n. 1 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 375 n. 1 Rose, Vice Admiral Frank Forrester, 105, 155 Rossi, Conde (Aconovaldo Bonacorsi), 216 Royal Air Force: and Malta, 8, 84; at Arzeu, 202, 313, 315, 319, 323, 359; 80(F) Squadron, 447; 202 Squadron, 30, 300, 310, 425, 447, 508; 205 Squadron, 106; 210 Squadron, 319, 32 Royal Marines, 125, 506 Royal Navy: 1st Battle Squadron, 40, 121, 145, 171, 310; 3rd Battle Squadron, 18; Battle Cruiser Squadron, 36, 112; 1st Cruiser 576 THE MEDITERRANEAN FLEET, 1930–1939 Squadron, 33, 57, 145, 161, 337, 415, 429–30; 2nd Cruiser Squadron, 36, 73, 78 n. 2, 108, 112, 114, 116, 118, 133, 148, 152–3, 160–61, 403; 3rd Cruiser Squadron, 10, 36, 56–8, 67, 73, 104, 145, 324, 382, 414–15; 3rd Light Cruiser Squadron, 148, 152–3, 156–7, 160–61, 178; 1st Destroyer Flotilla, 23, 59, 145, 171–2, 176, 182, 184, 237–8, 265, 300, 310–19, 436, 556; 2nd Destroyer Flotilla, 17, 93 n. 2, 154, 161, 172, 238, 265, 286, 289, 291–2, 300, 310, 323, 334, 419, 556; 3rd Destroyer Flotilla, 10, 25, 56, 59, 161, 197, 213, 247–9, 300, 310, 396, 428, 430, 436–7, 450, 556; 4th Destroyer Flotilla, 23, 36, 169–70, 176, 178, 184, 353, 556; 5th Destroyer Flotilla, 36, 87, 93 n. 2, 132, 145–6, 154, 353–4; 6th Destroyer Flotilla, 93 n. 2, 103–4, 108, 112, 114, 116, 133, 152, 154, 160, 168–9, 178, 292, 396; 13th Destroyer Flotilla, 556; 19th Destroyer Flotilla, 132, 145; 20th Destroyer Flotilla, 114, 116–17, 133, 170–71; 21st Destroyer Flotilla, 114, 116–18, 133, 169, 171–2; 1st “Tribal” Destroyer Flotilla, 528 n. 1; 2nd Destroyer Division, 356; 5th Destroyer Division, 338, 430; 6th Destroyer Division, 436, 439–40, 450, 508; 7th Destroyer Division, 354; 8th Destroyer Division, 321, 354; 11th Destroyer Division, 200, 292, 402; 12th Destroyer Division, 321; 15th Destroyer Division, 185; 1st Submarine Flotilla, 145; 2nd Submarine Flotilla, 36, 78 n. 2, 87; 2nd Anti Submarine Flotilla, 176, 178, 184; 1st Minesweeping Flotilla, 178, 197, 260, 265–6; 2nd Minesweeping Flotilla, 184–5; 5th Minesweeping Flotilla, 176, 178, 184; 1st MTB Flotilla, 310 Runciman, Sir Walter Viscount, 428 Sakallarion, Admiral, 340 Samos Affair, 47, 55 n. 2 San Luis, Lieut. Commander Count: and Minorca, 476–85; mentioned, 487–8 San Martin, Engineer Officer, 479–81 Scurfield, Lieut. Commander B.G., 256 n. 1, 258 n. 1 Secret Anchorage “M” (Kamaran Bay, Red Sea), 57 Secret Anchorage “T” (Addu Atoll), 57–8 Servaes, Captain Reginald Maxwell, 360 Ships (British): Atlantic Guide, 500–501; African Mariner, 356–7, 423; Atlantic Guide, 500–501; Alcira, 403; Aquitania, 385–6, 438–40, 444, 446, 450; Atreus, 185; Barrington Combe, 496; Benarty, 183, 185; Bramhill, 465–6, 470; Burlington, 288; Carthage, 125; Cervantes, 204, 336–7; Chitral, 125; Ciscar, 103; City of Marseilles, 280; Clonlara, 399, 401–2; Cutty Sark, 122; Derbyshire, 208; Dominia, 129; Endymion, 402, 408; Euphorbia, 356, 364–5; Gibel Zerjon, 212–14; Hawkinge, 103; Heminge, 103; Jan Weems, 204, 350–52; Jenny, 268; Lady Dennison Pender, 129; Lake Geneva, 401–2; Levant, 129; Laverock, 465, 470; Marvia, 352; Miocene, 473; Montcalm, 440; Nahlin, 187 n. 2; Noemijulia, 199, 268, 277, 279–81; Nuddea, 185; Rajputana, 125; Retriever, 129; Rio Azul, 185; Somersetshire, 337; Spanker, 103; Stanbreak, 496; Stancor, 493, 498–501; Stangate, 493–5, 497; Stanhope, 493, 495; Stanland, 500–501; Thistlegarth, 344; Thorpness, 401, 408; Wintonia, 478; Woodford, 200 Ships (Dutch): Hannah, 400, 403 Ships (French): Iméréthie, 271; L’Obstine, 210 Ships (German): Schwabenland, 439; Sexta, 251 Ships (Italian): Ausonia, 123 Ships (Spanish Republican): Caleelcofauba, 324; Campeador, 198 Sidi Barrani, 72, 147 Simon, John Alisebrook, 55 Singapore, 7, 38, 43, 376 Skyros, 205, 316, 338–40, 342, 355, 357 Slessor, Group Captain John Cotesworth, 547 Sollum, El, 70, 72, 115–16, 137, 146–7 Somerville, Rear Admiral James: career, 90 n. 1; and Spanish Civil War, Royal Navy: (cont’d) INDEX 577 199, 200, 215–16, 277–9, 292; and Havock incident, 284–9, 291; and Nyon patrols, 296, 298–9, 354; at Cadiz, 363–5; and Morocco, 366; proceedings, 410–13; mentioned, 67, 90, 168 n. 2 Soviet Union, 191, 297 Spain, 188, 191–4, 381, 387, 523–4. See also Spain (Nationalist), Spain (Republican) Spain (Nationalist): potential enemy, 7; and attacks on shipping, 199, 231–3, 236–44, 277–8, 336–7, 350 n. 4, 352, 387, 465–6; and blockade, 204–5, 494 n. 1; and Royal Navy, 196–7, 249–51; use of submarines, 381, 398–9; naval activity, 271, 400, 419, 421, 436, 439–40, 493–6, 498, 500, 505 Spain (Republican), 196, 271, 440 n. 1. See also Barcelona Spanish Morocco, 391, 393, 523, 540 Stanhope, James Richard, 7th Earl, 465–6, 469–70 Stevenson, Ralph Clement Skrine, 472–5 Suez Canal: defence of, 10, 44–5, 52–9, 384, 415–18, 457–8; and Ethiopian crisis, 64–5, 76–7; mentioned, 145, 185 Tait, Captain William Eric Campbell, 242–4, 268–75 Talbot, Captain Arthur George, 347, 359 Taranto: as potential target, 104, 392, 460, 526, 533–4; mentioned, 68, 78 Tobruk, 145, 157, 552 Tomkinson, Vice Admiral Wilfred, 49 Tovey, Rear Admiral John Cronyn, 388, 464, 497–507 Troup, Rear Admiral James Andrew Gardiner, 316 n. 1 Trucy, Capitaine de vaisseau P.E., 139, 142–3 Tunisia, 393, 449, 458, 462, 533, 539 Turkey: and Samos incident, 9, 46, 55 n. 2; naval visit to Malta, 10, 55–6, 192; and Ethiopian crisis, 136; and potential British use of harbours, 201, 205, 316–17, 340–42, 359; use of air bases, 533; remains neutral, 392; assumed to be ally, 531, 541. See also Samos Affair Tyrrell, William George, 1st Baron, 15 Ubieta, Captain J.L., 479–81, 484–5 Usalete, Colonel, 481, 483–4 United States, 375–6 Valencia, 500–503 Vansittart, Sir Robert Gilbert, 79, 182 Warships (American): Cruisers: Omaha, 473, 475; Quincy, 210, 221 Destroyer: Badger, 474 Gunboat: Panay, 375 n. 1 Warships (British): Battleships: Barham, 50, 92, 102–3, 118, 161, 178, 187, 202, 262, 306, 310, 315, 324–5, 371, 373, 406, 556; Malaya, 43, 50, 201, 262, 310, 320, 323, 325, 337–8, 342–3, 355, 357, 371, 406, 429, 513, 556; Nelson, 16, 50, 116, 118, 152, 170–71, 376, 471; Queen Elizabeth, 9, 14–16, 22–4, 42, 44, 47 n. 1, 49–50, 65, 123, 171, 187, 372 n. 1, 377, 406; Ramilles, 10 n. 2, 16, 44, 50, 116, 171, 508, 514, 519; Resolution, 23, 39, 44, 50, 65, 121; Revenge, 23–4, 27–8, 36, 44, 50, 439; Rodney, 50, 108, 116, 118, 152, 170–71, 177; Royal Oak, 17, 23, 42, 50, 439; Royal Sovereign, 27–8, 50, 116, 171; Valiant, 42, 49–50, 161, 171, 178, 372 n. 1, 376; Warspite, 42, 44, 49–50, 262, 324, 372 n. 1, 375–6, 394, 406, 528 n. 1, 556 Battlecruisers: Hood, 43, 50, 133, 150, 152, 169–71, 176, 178, 183, 262, 310, 375, 385, 400, 405, 426, 428–30, 436–40, 450, 471; Renown, 42, 49–50, 133, 155, 161, 166, 171, 372 n. 1, 376; Repulse, 43, 50, 171, 188 n. 1, 194, 201, 204–5, 207–10, 212–14, 220, 262, 275 n. 2, 300, 310, 316, 320, 323, 337–44, 355–7, 375, 428, 430 Aircraft Carriers: Albatross, 427; Courageous, 36, 67, 87, 132–3, 154, 183, 187, 344; Eagle, 17, Furious, 69, 108, 114, 116–17, 133, 344; Glorious, 23–4, 40, 57, 65–6, 83–4, 89–90, 133, 160–61, 187, 205, 299, 310, 319, 323–4, 344, 346, 392, 414–15, 428, 430, 432, 447, 508, 528 n. 1, 553, 556; Hermes, 313 578 THE MEDITERRANEAN FLEET, 1930–1939 Cruisers: Achilles, 153, 174, 176, 185; Adventure, 27, 69, 176–7, 185; Ajax, 70–71, 131, 153, 155, 160–61, 176, 178, 185; Arethusa, 160–61, 256, 382–3, 413 n. 1, 415–16, 418, 429, 444, 556; Australia (RAN), 95, 130, 169, 174, 176, 184; Berwick, 69, 176, 185; Cairo, 133, 171, 310; Capetown, 175; Ceres, 23; Colombo, 23, 105; Coventry, 23, 155, 160–61, 178, 184187, 327, 361; Curlew, 23, 135, 160–61, 178, 184, 187, 361, 556; Cumberland, 177; Delhi, 237, 310, 416–17; Despatch, 338, 416–17; Devonshire, 47 n. 1, 130, 208, 220, 241, 326–7, 385, 387–8, 400, 428, 430, 434–5, 472–3, 476–8, 481–3, 486–9, 497, 556; Diomede, 171; Durban, 130; Emerald, 105, 416; Enterprise, 175 n. 3, 416; Exeter, 160, 174, 176, 178, 185, 188 n. 1; Frobisher, 55 n. 3; Galatea, 69, 122, 161, 187, 199, 211, 285–9, 310, 321, 363–4, 388, 410, 413–14, 497, 501–7, 556; Gloucester, 511; Leander, 153; Liverpool, 511; London, 23–4, 27, 36, 39, 47 n. 1, 55–6, 177, 211, 219–23, 241, 430–31, 437, 440, 450, 471; Manchester, 439, 444; Norfolk, 105; Penelope, 237, 274, 286, 288–9, 306, 310, 382, 413 n. 1, 415–16, 418, 444, 495–6, 498–500, 511, 556; Shropshire, 23, 25, 77, 88 n. 1, 211, 219, 241–2, 268–9, 271–5, 430–31, 444, 448–9, 556; Southampton, 403; Sussex, 23, 27–8, 69, 177, 388, 430, 492–5, 556; Sydney (RAN), 153, 155, 160–61, 169, 174, 176, 184 Destroyers: Achates, 247; Acheron, 247; Active, 286–9, 519; Afridi, 385, 390, 421–2, 428, 434, 511, 530–31; Anthony, 247; Arrow, 196, 249, 252, 411; Basilisk, 203–4, 330–35; Boreas, 203, 331, 333, 382, 411; Bulldog, 508, 528 n. 1, 556; Campbell, 171; Codrington, 23, 194, 212–13; Cossack, 385, 421–2, 428, 434; Douglas, 23, 161, 185, 310, 444; Faulknor, 70; Firedrake, 337 n. 1; Gallant, 196, 239–44; Gipsy, 195, 231–3, 250–51; Glowworm, 356, 371, 440 n. 1, 472–3; Grafton, 187, 252; Grenade, 356; Greyhound, 356, 371, 440 n. 1, 472, 473; Griffin, 371; Gurkha, 511; Hardy, 253–6, 258, 288; Hasty, 288–9; Havock, 195, 199–200, 202–3, 231–2, 284–90, 330–32, 334–5, 478, 480; Hereward, 198, 263–5, 286–8; Hero, 264; Hostile, 199, 279–82, 286, 289, 473, 478; Hotspur, 277, 286–8, 477–8, 482, 485; Hunter, 196–7, 253–60, 265, 267, 473–4, 476, 478; Hyperion, 253–4, 288; Icarus, 340, 355, 493; Ilex, 205, 339, 347, 355; Imogen, 338–9, 342, 347, 437; Imperial, 437; Impulsive, 493; Inglefield, 338, 343, 347, 430, 437, 508; Intrepid, 493, 495–6; Isis, 355; Ivanhoe, 437; Keith, 23; Kempenfelt, 87, 103, 354, 382, 411; Mackay, 87, 132, 171; Mohawk, 497–8, 500–501, 505, 508; Nubian, 500–502, 505–6; Rowena, 118, 160; Shamrock, 185; Sikh, 511; Torrid, 118, 160; Thruster, 118, 160; Vanoc, 238, 261, 321, 420–22, 438; Wessex, 171; Westminster, 171; Windsor, 171; Wishart, 72, 138, 141, 143, 457, 497; Wolsey, 161, 185, 212, 214, 444, 449; Worcester, 217; Zulu, 507 Submarines: Clyde, 449; L.23, 88; Narwhal, 178, 185; Pandora, 168; Porpoise, 69; Proteus, 168, 185; Salmon, 530; Seahorse, 184; Sealion, 436; Severn, 338, 343, 519; Starfish, 184; Thames, 436–8, 449–50 Sloops and Patrol Vessels: Aberdeen, 352, 394, 457; Bideford, 449; Bryony, 22–3; Chrysanthemum, 22–3; Cornwallis (RIN), 107; Enchantress; 343; Kingfisher, 261; Mallard, 261; Ormonde, 185; Penzance, 176, 185; Puffin, 261 Minelayers and Minesweepers: Elgin, 266; Lydd, 266; Plover, 450; Saltash, 266 Trawlers: Agate, 262; Amethyst, 262, Dee, 178, 184; Garry, 178, 184; Hawthorn, 262, Holly, 262; Jasper, 262; Kate Warships (British): (cont’d) INDEX 579 Lewis, 178, 185; Laurel, 262; Liffey, 178, 184; Lilac, 262; Magnolia, 262; Willow, 262 Hospital Ship: Maine, 22–3, 219, 237, 254 n. 1, 269, 310, 501, 503, 505–6 Depot Ships and Other Auxiliaries: Bacchus, 146; Brigand, 446; Centurion, 67, 80, 89, 358–9, 405, 419, 508; Cherryleaf, 449; Cyclops, 22–3, 202, 237, 313, 315–16, 318–19; Churraca, 327, 344; Guardian, 67–8, 87–8, 104, 178; Lucia, 87–8; Maidstone, 444, 447, 454, 508, 511; Perthshire, 22–3; Petrella, 318–19, 449; Philomel, 511; Plumleaf, 318; Protector, 326–7, 344, 430, 445; Reliant, 511, 530; Resource, 22–3, 89, 91, 130, 194, 212, 237, 254, 324, 360, 416–17, 444–5, 508, 511, 520; Roysterer, 446; St. Day, 185; St. Omer, 256; Sandhurst, 22–3; Viscol, 292; Woolwich, 68, 89, 91, 104, 130, 194, 310, 318, 511 Warships (British Classes): “A” (destroyers), 42, 44; “Acasta” (destroyers), 247; “County” (cruisers), 194; “D” (cruisers), 73, 160, 382, 416; “Dido” (cruisers), 418; “E” (destroyers), 151; “G” (destroyers), 152, 154, 556; “H” (destroyers, 178, 183, 556; “I” (destroyers), 441, 556; “Leaf” (oilers), 449; “London” (cruisers), 155; “Porpoise” (submarines), 454; “Queen Elizabeth”, 9, 21, 41–2, 51, 517; “Resolution” (battleships), 517; “River” (submarines), 453–4; “Royal Sovereign”, 9, 41, 51, 117; “Tribal” (destroyers, 324, 383, 394, 414–17, 456–7 Warships (French): Battleships: Bretagne, 557 n. 1; Lorraine, 557 n. 1; Provence, 15–16, 394 Cruisers: Algérie, 358; Emile Bertin, 557 n. 1; Suffren, 473 Destroyers and Torpedo Boats: Le Fortune, 474; Lynx, 505; Simoun, 474; Verdun, 272–3 Submarine: Diamante, 280–81 Seaplane Carrier: Commandant Teste, 221 n. 1, 557 n. 1 Minelayer: Castor, 557 n. 1 Warships (German): Armoured Ships: Admiral Graf Spee, 522 n. 1; Admiral Scheer, 198, 263, 522 n. 1; Deutschland, 195, 197, 202, 263–4, 385, 438–9, 522 n. 1 Cruisers: Emden, 436; Leipzig, 195, 198, 266, 335 Torpedo Boats: Albatross, 263; Leopard, 263; Luchs, 263; Seeadler, 263 Submarines: U.26, 264; U.27, 436, 438–9; U.30, 436, 438–9; U.35, 410 n. 1 Warships (German Classes): “Deutschland”, 375 Warships (Greek) Cruiser: Averoff, 358 n. 3 Warships (Italian): Cruisers: Bari, 105; Emanuele Filiberto Duca d’Aosta, 350 n. 2; Quarto, 299, 411; Taranto, 105; Trento, 36; Trieste, 14, 36 Destroyers and Torpedo Boats: Audace, 105; Falco, 250–51; Impavido, 105; Maestrale, 208; Nicoloso da Recco, 250; Palestro, 105; Pantera, 105; Saetta, 198; Tigre, 105 Submarines: Diaspro, 200; Iride, 200, 204 n. 1; Jalea, 200 n. 1; Septembrinni, 105; Settimo, 105; Torricelli, 198 n. 3 Sloops and Patrol Vessels: Axio, 105; C. Berta, 105; Oetia, 105; P. Corsinni, 105 Depot Ships and Other Auxiliaries: Ausonia, 105; Cherso, 105; Città di Milano, 130; Città di Siracusa, 130; Glasone, 130; Lussin, 105; Volta, 105 Warships (Portuguese): Destroyer: Douro, 221 Warships (Spanish Nationalist): Cruisers: Almirante Cervera, 439; Baleares, 192, 271, 382, 408, 410–11, 480; Canarias, 192, 271, 274, 382, 411, 413, 439, 493; Navarra, 439 580 THE MEDITERRANEAN FLEET, 1930–1939 Destroyer: Melilla, 493, 496 Submarines: Gonzales Lopez, 204 n. 1; Mola, 407; Sanjurjo, 407–8 Armed Merchantmen: Mar Cantabrico, 496, 498–9; Mar Negro, 493–6, 499–500, 504–6 Warships (Spanish Republican): Battleship: Jaime I, 208, 254, 271 Cruisers: Libertad, 208; Miguel de Cervantes, 198 n. 3, 212–13 Destroyers: Churruca, 200 n. 1; Jose Luis Diez, 439; Lazaga, 253; Lepanto, 251–2; Sanchey Barcaiztequi, 251–2 Submarine: B.5, 213 Warships (Turkish): Cruiser: Hamidiye, 435 Washington Naval Treaty, 95 Waterlow, Sir Sydney Philip, 513 Wauchope, Major General Arthur, 175 Weir, Major General George A., 115, 301 Wells, Rear Admiral Gerald Alymer, 122–3, 423 Wells, Rear Admiral Lionel Victor, 255–7, 338, 409 n. 1 Westminster, 2nd Duke of, 122 Willis, Commodore Algernon Usborne, 546 Wodehouse, Captain Norman Atherton, 374, 406 Young, Sir George, 503