Note: There are no index entires for those terms – such as Germany, Great Britain, Royal Navy, Tirpitz, etc. – that would necessitate a referal to almost every page of the volume. Beaumont, Sir Lewis 109, 110 Becker, Willy xxxix Behncke, Paul 402, 414 Belgium 110, 189, 245, 357, 364, 425, 427, 430, 431, 461 Bell, Christopher M. xxxi–xxxii, 422 Beresford, Lord Charles 240, 262, 265 Berghahn, Volker R. xliii–xlvi Bethell, the Hon. Alexander 382 Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von xxxvi, 278, 280–87, 312, 314, 322–3, 324, 398–9, 401–3, 409, 412 Bieberstein, Adolf Freiherr Marschall von 399 Blockade (commercial) 11, 40, 62–3, 101, 163, 188–9, 190–92, 222–6, 245, 247, 256, 257–9, 288, 327, 334, 352, 366–7, 389, 390–93, 394, 411, 428–9, 431 Blockade (military/observational) xxxi, 40, 105, 188–9, 190–92, 280, 288–9, 291, 327, 329–30, 334, 335, 339, 340, 353, 355, 385–8, 390, 394, 402, 416–18, 423, 439, 440–42, 445–6, 447–8, 462, 468, 469 Boer War (Second South African War) 9, 309 Borkum 40, 191, 360, 383–5, 386–7, 389, 394, 448–51, 454 Brest, as considered by German authorities 42 Bridge, Sir Cyprian 124 Bridgeman, Sir Francis 393 Brooks, John xxxiv, 355 Bülow, Bernhard von xxxvi, 98, 122, 155, 159, 161–2, 164, 176, 222, 225, 230, 231–2, 277–80, 290, 291, 298, 303–7, 307–8, 310–14, 404 Bürkner, Hans 168–9, 174, 302–3, 316, 318 Burns, John 371 Agadir (Second Moroccan) Crisis (1911) 280, 282, 283, 326, 378, 475 Ahlefeld, Hunold von 93, 97, 173–4, 219 Allenby, Reginald Arthur 252 Amendment(s) (Supplementary Bills) to the Navy Law (see Navy Laws) Ammon, Georg von 302, 316 Amsterdam 133, 256, 358 Anglo-German Naval Agreement, German view on 278, 282, 285–7, 291–3, 298–301, 303–7, 307–14, 319–20, 320–23, 399–400 Antwerp 247, 258, 356, 430 Arnold-Forster, Hugh O. 107, 120, 132–7, 138, 141–3 Asquith, Herbert Henry xxii, 372, 389, 418, 421, 437, 439 Austria-Hungary 182, 306, 364–7, 421–2, 461, 475 Aviation 343, 354–5, 415, 441, 443, 454–5, 467, 468, 469 Bacon, Reginald 361 Baddeley, Vincent 255, 379, 419 Balkan Crisis 398–9 Ballard, George Alexander 244, 257, 352, 416, 417, 427, 431, 437, 461 Baltic Sea xlix, 18, 40, 99, 120, 121, 125, 128–9, 130, 132, 134, 136, 142, 145, 149–50, 187, 189–93, 197, 225, 238–40, 245, 248, 252–3, 256, 259, 263, 269–72, 274, 275, 280, 314, 326–31, 333, 335–7, 339–40, 353, 357, 375–6, 380, 390, 416, 419, 421, 433, 437, 445, 447, 449–51, 454, 459 Battenberg, Prince Louis of 108, 148, 152, 153, 237, 354, 421, 437, 462 Battle, German view as to its central role 42–4, 81–2, 192, 194–6, 288, 331–2, 340–41 Baudissin, Friedrich Count 279–80, 288, 298, 314 496 THE NAVAL ROUTE TO THE ABYSS: 1895–1914 Callaghan, Sir George 390, 415, 417–18, 455, 467 Capelle, Eduard von 86, 159, 161, 171, 198, 219, 227, 286, 319, 320, 397, 411 Caprivi, Leo Graf von xlvii, 4 Chalmers, Sir Robert 426, 427–8, 431 Cherbourg, as considered by German authorities 42 Churchill, Winston Spencer xv, xxxi– xxxii, 249, 349, 371, 388, 399–400, 410, 411, 415, 417–18, 421–3, 439, 457, 462, 474, 475, 477–8 Commerce Raiding, Cruiser (Commerce) Warfare, German view on 5–6, 39–40, 42, 81, 163, 192, 197, 289, 414 Construction Rate (German) xliii, 8–10, 14, 28, 52–4, 67, 86, 88–9, 155–7, 159–60, 164, 178, 180, 198–9, 201–5, 230, 231–2, 277, 292–3, 312–13, 322, 347, 410, 411–12 Continuous Voyage 247 Contraband of War 224, 247, 260, 307, 386 Cromarty 265–6, 268, 418, 444, 465–7, 472 Cronberg 277, 299–300, 308 Cunard Steam Navigation Company xxxiii, 128, 144, 250–51 Curzon-Howe, Assheton 264 Custance, Sir Reginald N. 106–8, 113, 114–17, 119, 121, 124–5, 138, 237 Dähnhardt, Harald 86, 159, 198 Danish Navy, as considered by German authorities 19 Danzig 189, 193, 197 Dehio, Ludwig xlii–xliii Denmark 5, 132, 163, 189, 191, 197, 240, 245–6, 252, 255–6, 258, 260, 270–72, 274, 327, 392, 421, 430, 435–7, 448–53 Desart, Earl of 420, 424 Destroyers (British), role and disposition of xxv, xxx–xxxii, 122, 148–52, 353–5, 359–60, 376, 382–3, 385–8, 389, 390, 392, 416–17, 418, 422–3, 438, 440, 441, 455–8, 475 Diederichsen, Otto 92 Dienstschrift IX xlvi, 2–5, 7, 39 Dilke, Sir Charles Wentworth 34 Dogger Bank Incident 10, 99 Dual Alliance xlvi, 5, 11, 99, 402 Dumas, Philip Wylie 254–5, 257–61, 264, 268, 357–9, 362 Durnford, Sir John 249 Economic Warfare xvi, xxvi, xxix, xlvi, 239, 240, 241, 256, 357–61, 419–20, 424–31 Edward VII, King 277, 299 Eickstedt, Rudolf von 94, 166–7, 170–71, 173–4, 217–18, 227–9 Elbe, as considered by German authorities 18, 190, 192–6, 290, 333–6 Entente Cordiale xlix, 10, 11, 13, 159, 237, 243 Erhardt Company 350, 368–70, 373 Esher, Viscount 420, 428–9, 431 Ewart, Arthur 124 Fergusson, Sir James 388 Fischel, Max von 314 Fisher, Sir John Arbuthnot xv, xxiii–xxiv, xxv–xxvii, xxxi, xxxii–xxxiv, 103–8, 148, 153, 244, 249, 250, 253, 273, 275, 309, 311, 352–5, 422 Fitzgerald, Charles 243 ‘Flotilla Defence’ Theory xxv, xxx–xxxiii, 354–5 France, French Navy (as considered by German authorities) 16–19, 40, 98–9, 101, 170, 179, 213 Frisian Islands 191, 196, 448–9, 451 Galster, Karl xxxix, xlviii, 279 Gamble, Douglas 114 Gerdes, Gerhard 172, 303, 316–17 German Bight, as considered by German authorities 326, 328–31, 334, 338, 403, 414 Giffen, Sir Roger 261 Gladstone, William Ewart 34, 388 Goetz, Adolf 94, 97, 229 Goschen, George Joachim 111, 112, 114 Goschen, Sir Edward 278 Grey, Sir Edward 255, 275, 287, 307, 402, 411 Grierson, James 109 Hague Conference (Second) 162, 242, 255, 352, 461 Haldane, Richard Burdon 285–6, 401, 409 Hallgarten, George W. F. xlii Hallmann, Hans xxxvii Hamburg, as considered by German authorities 18, 194 Hamilton, C. I. 106 Hankey, Sir Maurice 257 HAPAG 40, 120, 135, 285 Harcourt, Lewis 371 INDEX 497 Hardinge, Sir Charles 277, 299, 308, 310 Harwich 139, 149, 444, 472 Hassell, Ulrich von xxxvii Heeringen, August von 14, 93, 95–6, 173, 216, 218, 227, 229, 284, 323, 332, 397 Heligoland (Helgoland) 6, 40, 42, 148, 191, 196, 313, 330–32, 334, 336, 338, 340, 354, 359, 383–5, 388–9, 391–2, 449, 450, 458 Heligoland (Helgoland) Bight 192, 331, 333, 340, 354, 359, 360, 386, 387, 402, 418, 462, 468 Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty 388 Hobson, Rolf xlv–xlvii, 11 Hollmann, Friedrich von 3, 5 Holstein, Friedrich von 98, 122 Holtzendorff, Henning von 323, 324, 326, 338, 339, 397 Hopkins, Sir John 111 Hopman, Albert 398, 402, 414 Hubatsch, Walther xli, xlii Hüllmann 316 Humber 265–6, 268, 464, 471–2 Hurst, Cecil James, 430 431 Ingenohl, Friedrich von 397, 402, 414 Inglefield, Edward 379 Invasion (of Britain) xxiii, xxv–xxvi, xxx–xxxi, xxxiii, 110, 163, 225, 263, 416, 418, 444–6, 472–3 Italy 113, 143, 144, 260, 303, 364, 365, 367, 425, 427 Jackson, Henry B. 273, 370, 417, 446 Japan xxiii, xxxiii, 23, 98, 99, 101, 113, 143, 144, 213, 221, 227 Jellicoe, Sir John 423, 478–83 Kehr, Eckart xl, xli, xliii Kemp, Peter 148, 263, 352 Kennedy, Paul M. xxiv, xlv, 104, 287, 404 Kerr, Lord Walter 113, 116, 125 Kerr, Mark 416, 458 Kiel (Kaiser Wilhelm) Canal 14, 18, 57, 92, 134, 145, 157, 171, 189, 190, 192, 259, 264, 274, 280, 313, 327, 328–9, 331, 333, 338, 340, 379, 390, 451 Kiel (Kaiser Wilhelm) Canal 27, 194, 314, 325, 334, 341 Kiel, as considered by German authorities 179, 190, 193–4, 197, 315, 326–7, 334–6, 339–40 King-Hall, Herbert 267 Knorr, Eduard von 3, 26 Kronstadt, as considered by German authorities 42 Krupp Company 175, 176, 351, 361, 362, 363, 368–70, 372–4, 379, 406, 453 Lambert, George 371 Lambert, Nicholas A. xxv, xxvii, xxxi, xxxii, xlvii, 104–5, 239, 354–5, 419, 422 Lambi, Ivo Nikolai xlv Lansdowne, Marquess of 122 Lascelles, Sir Frank 122, 123, 137, 147, 242 Lloyd George, David 349–50, 371 London, as objective of German naval schemes 5, 40, 101 London, Declaration of 352, 391–2, 411 Lüttwitz, Arthur Freiherr von 109–10 Macdonough, George 431 Mahan, Alfred T. xlvi, xlvii, 38, 223, 256, 403 Manoeuvres (German Navy) 447–55 Manoeuvres (Royal Navy) 437–46, 467–74 Manoeuvres, German view on British 288, 327, 329 Marder, Arthur Jacob xix, xxiii, xxiv, 103–4, 116, 240, 242, 245, 350, 363, 458 May, Henry J. 128–32 May, William Henry 273, 375, 385, 419, 458 McKenna, Reginald 371 Mediterranean Fleet (British) 111, 116, 128, 135, 152–3, 262, 421 Mediterranean xxii, 84, 104, 105–6, 111–12, 113, 118, 120, 121, 128, 135, 136, 238, 242, 246, 365–7, 421–2, 461, 475, 476, 479 Merchant Ships (British) Lusitania xxiii, 128, 144, 250 Mauretania xxiii, 128, 144, 250 Merchant Ships (German) Bundesrath 260 Deutschland 120, 135 General 260 Herzog 260 Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse 120 Kronprinz Wilhelm 120 Metternich, Paul Count Wolff 283, 287, 299–300, 308–10, 312, 314 Mine Warfare 190–91, 197, 255–6, 259, 271, 279, 291, 298, 327, 337–8, 360, 381, 385, 386, 437–9, 414, 454, 460, 468 498 THE NAVAL ROUTE TO THE ABYSS: 1895–1914 Moltke, Helmuth von 312, 314 Monetary Requirements Calculation(s) see Navy Law(s) Morgan-Owen, David xxxi, 355 Morgan, J. P. 126 Moroccan Crisis, First (1905) 159, 223, 237–40, 242, 246, 281 Müller, Georg Alexander von 298, 303–7, 313, 314, 323, 397–8, 405 Mulliner, H. H. 350, 361, 372–4 Naval Necessities 250–51 Naval Scare (1909) 273, 349–51 Naval Scare, German view on 304–5, 307, 309–10 Navy Law(s) (Naval Law, Navy Act, Navy Bill) General design and purpose of xliii, 10, 86–91, 155–6, 158, 176–8, 180–82, 184, 232, 407, 410 (First) Navy Law (1898) xlvi, 7, 8, 49–52, 52–5 (Second) Navy Law (1900) (Amendment to the [First] Navy Law) xlvi–xlvii, 8, 9, 55–8, 59–80, 81, 158 1906 Amendment 155–9, 171, 176, 178–9, 184–6 1908 Amendment 164, 198–211, 219–21, 230–31, 231–2, 232–5 1912 Amendment 164, 277, 280–87, 304, 312, 321–3, 324–6, 341–7 Monetary Requirements Calculation(s) 72–80, 157–8, 160–61, 164, 206–11, 219–20 Navy Law(s) (Naval Law, Navy Act, Navy Bill), British opinion of 109, 113, 147, 273–4, 349, 377–8 Navy League (German) 159, 164, 179, 181–3, 230, 311, 378, 447 Netherlands, as considered by German authorities 189 Norddeutsche Lloyd 40, 120, 224 Norddeutsche(r) Lloyd 40 Norway 129–32, 238, 239, 245, 260, 375, 392, 421, 432–3, 440, 442, 461–2, 467, 468 Offer, Avner xlv Oil 135, 316–18, 409, 415, 466 Ottley, Sir Charles Langdale xxix, 240, 242, 246, 247, 254–5, 255–6, 257, 354, 372, 374, 388, 419 Owen Committee 267 Padfield, Peter xxiv, 104 Paris, Declaration of 225 Pitt, William (the Elder), 1st Earl of Chatham, Tirpitz’s view on the policy of 38, 101 Plessen, Hans von 298, 303, 305 Pohl, Hugo von 397, 414 Pollen, Arthur H. xxvi Poore, Sir Richard 249 Raids, German view on 5, 13, 40, 101, 163, 192, 197, 225, 289 Rampold, Paul 94 Richards, Sir Frederick William 109, 110, 111, 124 Richmond, Herbert 418, 463 Richthofen, Oswald Freiherr von Richthofen 98, 100 Right of Capture, German position concerning the 13, 100–102, 162, 222–6 ‘Risk Fleet’ (‘Risk Theory’) xxxvii–xlii, xlv–xlvii, 11–13, 57, 63, 81–2, 89, 155, 162, 182, 277, 280–82, 292, 306, 319, 410, 411 Rollmann, Max 316–17 Rosyth 138, 266–8, 329, 402, 418, 440, 444, 466 Rotterdam 133, 247, 258, 356, 357, 430 Rudloff, Johannes 94, 96–7 Russell, Alexander V. F. V. 383–5 Russia, Russian Navy, German view on 16–19, 40, 98–9, 277 Russo-Japanese War xxxiii, xxxvii, 10, 13, 98–9, 159, 243, 252, 331, 421, 456 Salewski, Michael xliv Salisbury, Robert Arthur Talbot GascoyneCecil 3rd Marquess of 57 Scapa Flow 268, 367, 402, 466, 471 Scheer, Reinhard 170, 229 Scheibel, Georg Friedrich 93–4, 97 Schlieffen, Alfred Graf von 98 Schmidt, Gustav 297 Schrader, Friedrich 96, 413 Schultz, Max 409 Schulze-Hinrichs, Alfred xli Schüßler, Wilhelm xlii Sedan, battle of 223 Selborne, earl of 107, 108, 117, 119, 122, 123, 124, 126, 137, 146, 148, 154, 237 Senden-Bibran, Gustav Freiherr von 3, 58 Shipyards (German) Blohm und Voss 374 Germania 374 Schichau 114, 363, 374 INDEX 499 Vulcan 363, 374 Skagerrak, German view on as deployment area 326–31, 333–4, 339–40 Slade, Sir Edmond John Warre 240, 269, 274, 350, 352, 356, 362, 363, 364–8 Smith, Aubrey 432 Stadelmann, Rudolf xlii, xliii Standards of Strength (British) 146–7, 154, 278, 300, 304, 305, 311, 319, 372, 422, 461, 474–5 Stosch, Albrecht von 4, 5, 37 Submarines as considered by German authorities 157, 178, 207, 220, 279, 291, 330–32, 334, 338, 340, 342, 343, 346, 347, 414 German fear of British developments 290, 327, 334 Submarines (British) xxv, xxx, xxxi–xxxii, 115, 264, 273, 353, 355, 376, 385–6, 422, 442, 445, 459–60, 464, 472 Sumida, Jon T. xxv, xxxiii–xxxiv, xlvii, 104–5 Surtees, H. Conyers 368 Sweden 238, 239, 245, 260, 270–72, 274, 275, 359, 430, 432–4 Sylt 191, 360, 376, 383–5, 389, 448, 450–51, 455 Thames, as on objective of German naval schemes 40, 41, 197 ‘Tirpitz Plan’ as Historiographical Conception in Terms of a Secondary Integration xv, xl, xli, xliii–xlvi, 1 in Terms of the Ideology of Sea Power xlv–xlvii, 5, 12, 162 Trade Protection (British) xxv–xxvi, xxix–xxx, xxxiii, 106–7, 120–21, 126–8, 135, 143–4, 239–40, 250–51, 459–60, 475–7 Transvaal Crisis 3, 5, 37, 39, 404 Trotha, Adolf von 167 Troubridge, Sir Ernest 425–6, 428, 430, 455 Tweedmouth, Lord 275, 372 Two-Power Standard, German view on 300, 304–5, 311 Tyne 471–2 United States, United States Navy 101, 213, 228 Valentini, Rudolf von 303–4 War Plans and Orders xlvii (SchlieffenPlan), 162–3, 186–98, 280, 288–91, 298, 314–15, 323–4, 414 War Plans and Orders (British) xxxi, xlv, 257, 262–4, 352–5, 359–61, 375–7, 390–93, 416, 438–9, 462, 475 War Plans and Orders, German discussion of 326–32, 332–8, 338–41 War-preparedness, (or Readiness for War), German naval 13–14, 20–22, 188, 281, 324–5, 326–7, 333–7, 343, 411–12 Warships (American) Alabama 127 Michigan Class 173, 228 Warships (British) Admiral Class 253 Andromanche 385 Anson 253 Apollo 385 Archer Class 254 Benbow 140, 253 Boadicea Class 273 Camperdown 253 Canopus Class 112, 474 Collingwood (pre-dreadnought) 253 Colossus 480 Conqueror (pre-dreadnought) 254 Cressy 385 Dreadnought xlix, 173, 212, 213–15, 228–9, 255, 361 Duncan Class 152 Euryalus 385 Formidable Class 474 Forth 129 Gleaner 130 Hero 254 Hogue 385 Hood 253 Howe 253 Invincible Class xxvi, xxxii–xxxiii, xlix, 160, 161, 215, 216, 217, 218, 250, 251, 294, 302, 303, 365, 378 Iris 129 Iron Duke Class 434 King Edward VII Class 94, 153 King George V 480 London 131 Lord Nelson Class 478–9 Magicienne 130 Majestic Class 153 Malaya 477, 479 Mercury 129 New Zealand (battleship) 153 New Zealand (battle cruiser) 479 Nile 112, 254 500 THE NAVAL ROUTE TO THE ABYSS: 1895–1914 Queen Elizabeth Class 400, 415, 477, 479, 481 Queen Mary 480 Retribution 130 Resolution 131 Royal Sovereign Class (predreadnought) 140 Sans Pareil 112, 140, 142, 254 Seagull 130 Sealark 249 Spartan 130 Speedwell 130 Sutlej 385 Swiftsure 216, 365 Thames 129 Thetis 385 Tiger 434 Trafalgar 112, 140, 254 Triumph 216, 365 Warships (French) Henri IV 367 Jémmappes 367 Republique Class 153 Warships (German) Ägir 119 Blücher 175–6, 217–18, 315, 336 Brandenburg Class 15, 16, 53, 67, 119 Braunschweig Class 92, 165, 170, 203, 327 Comet 24 Derfflinger (Large Cruiser ‘K’) 315–18 Deutschland (ironclad, large cruiser) 53, 66 Deutschland Class 93, 203, 327, 333 Friedrich Carl (ironclad) 16 Fürst Bismarck 19, 135 Gefion 24 Grosser Kurfürst 16 Hagen 119 Hansa (ironclad) 16 Hela 25 Helgoland 377 Hertha (Hansa) class (cruisers) 67, 322 Irene 24 Jagd 24 Kaiser (ironclad, large cruiser) 33, 53 Kaiser Class (pre-dreadnought) 53, 66, 119, 202 Kaiser (dreadnought) Class 293, 296–7, 302, 408 Kaiser Friedrich III. (Ersatz Preußen) 3, 16, 30, 202 Kaiserin Augusta 24, 29, 53–4, 66 Kaiser Karl der Große 53 König Class 408 Konig Wilhelm (ironclad) 53, 66 Kronprinz (ironclad) 16 Mackensen Class 406, 413 Moltke Class 226, 229, 294, 296–7 Moltke 336, 378 Nassau (Ersatz Sachsen or Ersatz Bayern) Class 173–5, 212–14, 217, 221, 228–9, 295, 316–17, 326 Nassau 269, 315, 377 Oldenburg (pre-dreadnought) 27, 53–4, 66–7 Oldenburg Class 162, 221, 226–9, 326 Ostfriesland 377 Posen 269, 377 Rheinland 269, 377 Sachsen Class 15, 16, 53–4, 66–8, 74, 119, 131, 177 Schlesien 268 Schleswig Holstein 268 Seydlitz (Large Cruiser J) 293–7, 302–3 Siegfried Class 15, 27, 28, 31, 43, 53, 55, 56, 67, 68, 145, 180, 183, 193 Thüringen 377 Victoria Luise 130 von der Tann (Large Cruiser F) 160, 216–17, 217–19, 294–5, 336, 378 Westfalen 269, 315, 377 Wittelsbach Class, 53, 203 Warships (Japanese) Aki 213 Satsuma 213 Warships (Russian) Novik 130 Pallada 130 Svietlana 130 Watson, Hugh Dudley Richards 419, 435, 447–55 Watts, Sir Philip 139, 141–3 Webb, Richard 420, 475–6 Weeding (of archive documents) xvii– xviii, xix, 116, 350 Wegener, Edward xlv, xlviii Wegener, Wolfgang xxxix, xl Weizsäcker, Ernst von xxxv, xxxvi, xl Wilhelm II, Emperor 2, 3, 159, 162–3, 231–2, 277–8, 281, 283–4, 298, 306, 398, 401, 405 Wilhelmshaven, as considered by German authorities 92, 179, 193, 196, 326, 334, 336–8 Wilson, Keith xxiv Wilson, Sir Arthur Knyvet 244, 245–6, 249, 253–4, 263, 354, 390, 415, 475 Winsloe, Alfred 273, 370