The Fourth Earl of Sandwich was First Lord of the Admiralty (for the third time in his long career) from 1771 to 1782. Blamed by the Whig opposition for many of the disasters of the American War, he was additionally loaded by 19th-century Whig historians with the false image of a corrupt libertine.
It was the publication of these volumes of his correspondence and papers (then in the family home, now in the National Maritime Museum), covering the years 1771 to 1782, which restored his reputation as a conscientious and imaginative naval administrator and reformer, especially of the dockyards and of the timber question. Without entirely rescuing his status as a strategist, they showed very clearly the weaknesses at the heart of the North administration which damaged its handling of the war, and undermined Sandwich’s efforts.
A fifth volume intended to cover his handling of naval patronage was overtaken by the war.
This volume is from May 1779 to December 1780.
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INDEX The titles of peers and the ranks of officers are those held on 31 December 178o ; later advancements in the peerage are given in square brackets. Entries in round brackets following a person’s name show the post he held or the ship or regiment in which he served. The names of American states are those used in 1778. The names of his Majesty’s ships are followed by their rate and number of guns in brackets or, in the smaller classes, such as sloops and the like, by the name of the class. Merchant ships, transports, and so on, have their description in brackets. Foreign ships have their nationality and guns or description in brackets. E.I.C. means East India Company. ADMIRALTY ADMIRALTY, the Board of, changes, 278 ; orders and instructions from Cabinet, 185, 276, 284 ; to commanders, 4-7, It), 61, 122, 158 n., 161, 237, 238, 241, 299 Affleck, Captain Edmund (Bedford), 36 Affleck, Captain Philip (Triumph), 36 Allen, Captain John Carter (Egmont, then Gibraltar,) 36, 232, 307 Allen, Captain William (Chatham), 109 Alms, Lieutenant James (Hussar), III American army, 128, 140, 240, 249 American ships of war and privateers, 9, 120, 136, 285 Amherst, General Jeffery, 1st Baron, K.B. (Lieut.-Gen. of the Ordnance, Gov. of Guernsey, Col. in Chief 6oth Royal American Regt., Capt. & Col. 2nd Troop Horse Grenadier Guards), 5o, 61, 79, 1 44, 1 55 ; correspondence with Lindsay, 7, 38, 77, 81 ; present at Cabinet, 14, 25, io6, 131, 181, 185, 187, 243, 25o, 251, 255, 284, 289 Antigua (Leeward Is.), 1 58, 1 74, 1 77, 18o Arbuthnot, Vice-Admiral Mariot (C. in C. North America), 13, 16, 119- 22, 129-31, 141, 161, 225, 234, 2 37-4 1, 25 1 , 253- 5, 263, 264 ; letters from, 128, 129, 134, 136, 138, 1 39, 1 4o, 1 4 1, 249, 25 2, 259, 264, III. BATHURST 267 ; letters to, 141, 247,255, 266 ; relations with Clinton and Rodney, 237, 24o, 241, 252, 253, 256-60, 263, 264, 266 Armed Neutrality, the, II Army, the, at home, 3 8, 39, 77, 3 1 4 Gibraltar and Minorca, 155, 156, 182, 185 ; N.A., 119, 120, 125-8, 131, 132, 134, 135, 138, 166, 182, 237, 240, 249, 261 ; W.I., 123, 124, 148, 1 55, 1 57, 1 73,174, 182 ; in the fleet, 18, 1 33, 289, 290, 297 Arnold, Benedict, 254, 262 Attorney General, the (Alexander Wedderburn), 21I BARBADOS, 158, 173, 174, 177, 180 Barbuda (Leeward Is.), 158 Barceló, Jefe de la escuadra Antonio, 1 94 Barré, Colonel Isaac, M.P., 213, 222 Barrington, Vice-Admiral Hon. Samuel, 209, 246 n. ; letters to, 279 ; Admiralty to, 299 ; to Stephens, 295 ; in W.I., 119, 124, 143 n., 1 44, 163, 167, 284, 285 ; Western squadron, 275, 277 ; refuses command, 275, 278, 279, 281, 292-302 Barrington, William Wildman, 2nd Viscount, letters from, 284, 285 Bathurst, Henry, 2nd Earl (Lord President of the Council), present at Cabinet, 243, 284 Y 322 THE SANDWICH PAPERS BAUSSET Bausset, Chef d’escadre -, de, 278 n., 286 Bayne, Captain William (Alfred), 36 Bazely, Captain John (Pegasus), 201, 2I1 n., 212, 215 Bechinoe, Mr & Comm. Benjamin, 1 35 Belize (British Honduras), see St George’s Cay Bennett, Captain William (Lenox), 289 Bickerton, Captain Sir Richard, Bt. (Terrible), letter from, 89 Boteler, Captain Philip (Ardent), 8 n., 1 79 Bouillé, Général Francois-Claude, Marquis de (Gov. Fr. Windward Is.), 158 Bowen, Mr & Comm. George, as lieut., 85, 85 n. Bowyer, Captain George (Albion), 217 Brest, cruising station, 4, 104, 106, 305 Brisbane, Captain John, as commodore, 73, 79 ; letter quoted, 73 n. Bristol, Vice-Admiral Augustus John Hervey, 3rd Earl of, 313 Bruce, Lieut.-Colonel Andrew (54th Foot), 258 Burt, William Mathew (Gov. Leeward Is.), 156, 157 n. Bylandt, Schout – bij – nacht Graaf Lodewijk van, II, 113, 114 Byron, Vice-Admiral Hon. John (C. in C. Leeward Is.), 119, 120, 123, 124, 1 43, 1 44, 1 47,148, 160, 182, 184 CABINET (or Government), the, 3, 4, 9, 10, 24, 124,155, 161, 164, 241 ; instructions to Admiralty, 276 ; Minutes, 14, 25, 106, 131, 181, 185, 187, 243, 2 50, 25 1 , 255, 284, 289; quoted, 119 Cape Finisterre, cruising station, 2 77, 278 Cape Francois [Haitien], St Domingo, 144, 148 Carlisle, Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of, K.T., 254 Carolina, South, 120, 137, 248 Carronades, 42, 176, 177-9 Chads, Mr & Comm. Henry, 1 35 CRANSTOUN Charleston, S. Carolina, 1 37, 237 Cherbourg, 73 n. Chesapeake Bay, 119, 263 Chetwynd, Mr & Comm. Hon. John Whitmore, as lieut. Sandwich, 193 Clinton, Lieut.-General (local General) Sir Henry, K.B. (C. in C. North America, Col. 7th Queen’s Dragoons, Col. 84th Royal Highland Emigrants), 119, 120, 122, 125-8, 131, 132, 134, 135, 137, 138, 142, 147-9, 18o, 237, 240, 241, 248-50, 253, 255, 259, 262 ; relations with Arbuthnot, 237, 241, 253, 256-8, 266 Colins, Captain Henry (Victory, then Aurora), 36, 307 Collier, Captain Sir George, as Commodore and C. in C. North America, 119-21, 135, 1 47 ; letters from, I20, I25, 127, 131 Col1ingwood, Captain Thomas, as commodore, Leeward Is., 159 n., 218 Colpoys, Captain John (Royal George), 36 Comptroller of the Navy, the, see Middleton, Capt. Charles Convoys and trade, 5, 19, 34, 44, 63, 108, 122, 123, 277, 290, 302, 305 ; French, 156, 158, 161, 202, 203, 253, 277, 308 ; Dutch, 8, 10, I1, 106, 113-15 ; Spanish, 156 Conway, General Henry Seymour (Gov. of Jersey, Col. Royal Horse Guards), ioi n. Cooper, Captain Robert Palliser (Stag), 108 Copper sheathing, 5, 9, 34, 73 n., 102, 104, 161, 174-6, 178-80, 184, 201, 207, 224, 241 n. Córdoba, Teniente-general Luis de, 6, 9, 1 56, 277, 301 Cornish, Captain Samuel (London), 36 Cornwallis, Lieut.-General Charles, 2nd Earl [1st Marquis] (Col. 33rd Foot), 1 34, 255, 261 Cornwallis, Captain Hon. William (Lion), 124, 238 Cosby, Captain Phillips (Robust), 128 Cranston, Captain James (Defence), 15 Cranstoun, Lieutenant James, 8th Baron, 21I INDEX 323 CRUISERS Cruisers, at home, 9-I I, 31 n., 99, I01, 104, 105, 107, 108, 286 ; N.A., 125, 126, 127 ; W.I., 123, 1 43, 1 58; enemy, 123, 156, 276 Cumberland, Richard (Envoy at Madrid), 277, 278 DALLING, Major-General John (Gov. of Jamaica, Col. Commdt. 3/6oth Royal American Regt.), 134, 148, 150-2, 188 Dalrymple, Captain Hugh (Canada), 36 Dalrymple, Captain John (Union), 36 Dalrymple, Major William (Capt. Commdt. of ` a corps of foot serving in Jamaica ‘), 123, 149 Darby, Vice-Admiral George (C. in C., Western squadron and a lord of the Admiralty, 1780-82), as junior officer, 3, 13, 14, 16, 17, 36, 122, 131, 232, 233, 277, 293-5, 297-30o ; C. in C., 251, 278, 301, 303, 305, 306 ; letters to, 221 ; from, 304, 306, 307, 308, 309 ; quoted, 294 n. ; do. to Admiralty, 294 n. Dartmouth, William Legge, 2nd Earl of (Lord Privy Seal), 31; present at Cabinet, 25, 131, 243, 25o, 251, 284, 289 De Budé, General (H.R.H. Prince William’s governor), 20 Derby, Edward Smith-Stanley, 12th Earl of, 315 Dick, James (secretary to Admiral Geary), 28o Dieppe, 73 n. Digby, Rear-Admiral Robert, in Western squadron, 3, 20, 36, 41 n., 96 , 155, 156, 193, 200, 277, 278, 29 1 , 292 , 303, 306 n. ; letters from, 202, 205 ; quoted, 185 n. Discipline in the Navy, 17, 246, 247, 275, 283, 295, 3 1 5 Dixon, Lieut.-Colonel Mathew (SubDirector and Major, The Engineers), 78 Docking and repairs, 9, 21-3, 44, 68, 69, 71, 72, 76, 102, 169, 178, 1 79, 238, 302 Douglas, Captain Sir Charles, Bt. (Duke), 36 EVANS Douglas, Captain John (Terrible, then Venus), 215 n., 217 Drake, Rear-Admiral Francis Samuel, as Commodore in N.A. and Leeward Is., 134, 139, 24o n. ; as R.A., 123, 162, 232 Drake, Vice-Admiral Francis William, as R.A. and C. in C., the Downs, II, 99, 135, 232, 300, 30I ; V.A. in Western squadron, 278 n., 300, 301, 306 ; letters from, 227, 301 ; letter to, 300 Draper, Lieut.-General Sir William, K.B., 79, 81, 83, 98 Du Chaffault de Besné, Lieut.- général Louis-Charles, Comte, 9 Du Chilleau de la Roche, Capitaine , Vicomte (Protée), 202 Duff, Vice-Admiral Robert (C. in C. Mediterranean), 165, 173, 181, 208 n. ; instructions to Capt. Gell, 165, 171, 172 ; correspondence cited, 208 n. Duncan, Captain Adam [Ist Viscount Duncan] (Monarch), 36 ; as admiral, 3 EAST INDIA COMPANY, the, 30 ; ships and trade, 5, 6, 9, 1 9, 5o, 51, 8o, 84, 99, 277, 287, 29o, 292 Edgcumbe, Admiral George, 3rd Baron [1st Earl of Mount Edgcumbe], 317 Edwards, Rear-Admiral Richard (Gov. and C.in C. Newfoundland), 19 Eliott, General George Augustus [Ist Baron Heathfield] (Gov. of Gibraltar, Col. 15th King’s Light Dragoons), 195 Elliot, Captain George, The Marines (Victory), loo Elliot, Captain John, as commodore, 3, 4 n. ; letter to, 208 Elphinston, Captain John (Magnificent), 211 n. Estaing Du Saillans, Vice-amiral Charles-Henri-Théodat, Comte d’, 6 n., 105, 122-4, 134 n.,136,137, 140, 141, 144-9, 156, 166, 167, 183, 184, 237, 276, 278 Evans, Vice-Admiral John, as R.A., 292 324 THE SANDWICH PAPERS FALCONAR GUICHEN FALCONAR, Captain Hon. George (Invincible), 239 Feilding, Captain Charles (Namur, then Minerva), 10, 11, 36, 114, 115 ; instructions, io ; letter from, I13 Fergusson, Mr & Comm. John, 280 Ferrers, Robert Shirley, 6th Earl, 223 Fighting Instructions, 159, 160 Finch, Captain Hon. William Clement (Amazon), io8 Fireships, 83, 86, 89, 95, 176, 184 Forbes, Admiral Hon. John, 64 Ford, Captain John (Brilliant), 286 n. French forces, state and strength, in Europe, 6-9, 35, 47-9, 94, 170, 276, 278 ; in N.A. and W.I., 123, 124, 146, 156-8, 161, 168, 224, 237, 238. See also Convoys Frigates, 83, 86, 89, io8, 126, 176, 181, 245 GAMBIER, Vice-Admiral James, as R.A. and C. in C. North America, 119-21, 126, 127, 136 ; letters from, 265 ; quoted, I2I, 185 n. Gamier, Captain William (Southampton), 19 Gayton, Captain George (Romulus), 263 Geary, Admiral Francis (C. in C. Western squadron, 1780), 275-80, 284-7, 290, 292-9, 303, 3 04, 306 276, 284 ; letters instructions, from, 282, 291, 304 ; to, 290 Gell, Captain John (Thetis), 171 George III : his letters to Sandwich, 18, 20, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 40, 4 1 , 49, 50, 61, 73, 79, 85, 86, 8 7, 92 , 93, 95, 114, 11 5, 129, 1 35, 1 4 1 , 1 43, 163, 164, 205, 212, 228, 243, 246, 247, 264, 279, 292 , 296, 299, 301 , 306 ; quoted, 8, 14 n., 33 n., 46 n., 129 n. ; to North, quoted, 294, 298 ; to Jackson, 300 ; his opinions on conduct of the war and the fleet, 8, 1 1, 18, 20, 24-6, 28, 30-2, 33 n., 40, 4 1 , 49-51, 61, 79, 8o, 85-7, 92-6, 101 n., 114, 135, 141, 143, 144, 163, 164, 205, 228, 243, 246, 247, 2 79, 292 , 2 94, 297-301, 306 ; on ministers, 25-7, 30, 31, 164, Sandwich, 18, 25, 25 n., 61, 87, 93, 164, 301, officers, 3, 4, 33 n., 40, 42, 73, 79, 85, 87, 89, 95, 114, 115, 129,129 n., 135, 163, 212, 213, 228, 246, 264, 279, 292 , 296, 297, 299, 306 ; on carronades, 42, fireships, 95, frigates, 85, 87 Georgia, 120, 136-8, 140 Germain, Lord George [Ist Viscount Sackville] (Sec. of State for America), 30, 152, 157, 222 n., 241 ; letters from, 244, 258 ; quoted, I2I ; present at Cabinet, 14, 25, io6, 131, 181, 185, 187, 243, 2 50, 251, 255, 284, 289 Gibraltar, 190, 208 ; blockade, 47, 57 ; instructions for running the blockade, 165, 171-3 ; relief, 57, 155, 156, 163, 165, 166, 172, 173, 182, 183, 185-8, 204, 208 n. ; cruisers in the Gut, 1 94, 1 99 Goodall, Captain Samuel Granston (Valiant), 36 ; letter from, 282 Gower, Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl [Ist Marquis of Stafford] (Lord President of the Council), 3o ; present at Cabinet, 14, 25, 131, 181 Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, 3rd Duke of, 315, 3 1 7 Grant, Major-General James (Col. 55th Foot), 124, 157 n. Grasse, Chef d’escadre FrancoisJoseph-Paul, Comte de [Marquis de Grasse-Tilly], 123, 143, 156, 157, 278 Graves, Rear-Admiral Thomas [Ist Baron], in Western squadron, 86, 88, 95 ; N.A., 225-8, 23 1 , 23 2 , 238-40, 243-8, 25 1 , 2 53, 259, 282 ; letters from, 245, 268, 270 ; to, 270 Greenwich Hospital, 23, 319 Grenada (Windward Is.), battle of, 124, 16o ; loss, 124 ; proposed recovery, 158 n., 189 Grenville, George, 246 Grey, Major-General Charles [ist Earl] (Col. 28th Foot), 82 Guernsey, zoo, Io1 n. Guichen, Lieut.-général Luc-Urbain Du Bouexic, Comte de, 4, 7, 1 57, 158, 161, 224, 253, 278, 308 INDEX 325 HALYFAX HALIFAX, Nova Scotia, 125, 1 37, 138, 228, 2 3 8, 2 44 Hamilton, Captain Sir John, Bt. (Hector), 36 Hamilton, Captain William, letter quoted, 24 n. Hamond, Captain Sir Andrew Snape (Roebuck), 146, 237, 247, 248, 252 Hardy, Admiral Sir Charles (C. in C. Western squadron, 1779-80), 3, 4, 6-8, 17, 1 9, 20, 24, 36, 37, 40, 42, 43, 5 1 , 57, 58, 62, 67, 7o, 8o, 83-8, 90–2, 96-9, 103, 104, 108, 163, 168, 28o, 314, 315 ; instructions, 4-6, 9, 1 4, 24, 5o, 61 ; letters from, 18, 45, 55, I oo, 102, 106 ; quoted, 8 ; letters to, 13, 1 4, 40, 49, 55, 88 ; death, 2 75, 279 Harris, Sir James, K.B. [Ist Earl of Malmesbury] (Envoy at St Petersburg), 185, 188 Harrison, Thomas (Attorney General, Jamaica), 151, 152 Haslar Hospital, 279 Haviland, Lieut.-General William (Col. 45th Foot), 79, 81, 82 Havre, 6, 9, 31 n., 48, 49, 73 n. Hawke, Admiral of the Fleet, Edward, 1st Baron, K.B., 3, 64, 275 Health of seamen, 34, 45. See also Sickness Henry, Captain John (Fowey), 120 Hillsborough, Wills Hill, Ist Earl of [1st Marquis of Downshire] (Sec. of State Southern), present at Cabinet, 25o, 251, 255, 284, 289 Hispaniola, see St Domingo Holland, relations with, 1o, 11, 106 ; trade in naval stores, 1o, 11, 106, 113-15. See also Convoys, St Eustatius Hood, Rear-Admiral Alexander [1st Viscount Bridport], as capt., 6o, 229 ; R.A., 162 ; admiral, 3 Hood, Rear-Admiral Sir Samuel, Bt. [Ist Viscount] (Commissioner at Portsmouth, then R.A. in the Leeward Is.), 3, 123, 161, 162, 226, 232, 278 n. ; letters from, 19, 6o, 228, 229 ; to his brother (quoted), 2 38, 275 Hotham, Captain William [1st Baron], as commodore in the Leeward Is., J ONES 157, 160, 161, 217, 218 ; letters from, 219 ; to (quoted), 219 n. Howe, Vice-Admiral Richard, 4th Viscount [1st Earl], 3, 213, 218, 2 39, 281, 295 ; his battle orders, 159, 16o Hughes, Vice-Admiral Sir Edward, K.B. (C. in C. East Indies), as R.A., 24 n., 25 Hughes, Rear-Admiral Sir Richard, Bt., 162 Hunt, Edward (Surveyor of the Navy), 21, 62 INGLEFIELD, Captain John Nicholson, as Mr & Comm. Lively, 23o Innes, Rear-Admiral Alexander, as capt. Queen, 36, 46, 306 n. Intelligence reports, 94, IOI n. Invasion, danger to England and Ireland, 6, 7, 9, 40, 47-50, 57, 96; defensive measures, 3o, 38, 39, 5 2-4, 58, 63, 64, 73 n. See also Plymouth JACKSON, George [afterwards Duckett] (Deputy Secretary of the Admiralty), 151, 293, 295, 298, 299, 302 ; letters from, 296, 303 ; the King to, 300 Jacobs, Captain Maximilian (Defiance), 130 n. Jamaica, its situation, 122, 1 34, 1 44, 150, 151, 165, 167, 168, 1 74, 1 77, squadron, 122, 123, 148, 179, 187 ; 151, 167, 182, 224, 238 ; trade, 224 James, Sir William, Bt. (Chairman of the Secret Committee, E.I.C.), letters from, 23, 29 Jenkinson, Charles [Ist Earl of Liverpool] (Sec. at War), 24 Jersey, zoo, IoI n., 122, 128, 129 n. Jervis, Captain John [1st Earl of St Vincent] (Foudroyant), 36 ; as admiral, 3 ; letters quoted, 246 n. Johnstone, Captain George (Romney, then Commodore on the Coast of Portugal), 48, 55, 122, 222, 276, 277, 284, 286 n. ; letters from, 31, 103, 145, 182, 190 ; to, 286 Jones, John Paul, 9, 97, 99, 107, 108, 115, 285, 289, 313 326 THE SANDWICH PAPERS KEMPENFELT KEMPENFELT, Rear-Admiral Richard (First Captain in Western squadron), 3-5, 36, 42, 43, 85, 86, 95, 104, 277, 278 n., 28o, 297, 302-6 ; promoted to R.A., 162, 303 n. ; letter to, quoted, 3 Keppel, Admiral Hon. Augustus [Ist Viscount], 3, 32 n., 156, 201, 218, 226, 233, 275, 281, 295 LAFOREY, Captain John (Invincible, then Commissioner at Antigua), 36, 95 La Motte-Picquet de la Vinoyère, Chef d’escadreToussaint-Guillaume de, 122-4, 156, 278 Lángara y Huarte, Teniente-general Juan de, 156, 197, 199, 200, 226 H. ; correspondence with Macbride, 198 La Touche de Tréville, Chef d’escadre , Comte de, 1 o 1 n. Le Cras, Captain Edward (an extra commissioner of the Navy), 69, 72, 73, 75, 76, 78, 79 ; letter from, 76 Leeward Islands, the, squadron, Chap. ii and iii passim, 238, 244 n., 251, 278 ; trade, 123, 1 77, 305 bases, 180 ; defence, 166, 172, 173, 1 77 Lévis, Lieut.-général Francois-Gaston, Duc de, 244 Ley, Lieutenant Thomas Arthur (Resolution), 203 Lincoln, Benjamin (Am. gen.), 140 Lindsay, Lieut.-General Sir David, Bt. (Gov. of Plymouth, Col. 59th Foot), 70, 72, 76, 78, 79, 3 1 7-1 9 correspondence with Amherst, 7, 38, 77, 81 Linzee, Edward (Lady Hood’s father), 229 Lisburne, Wilmot Vaughan, Ist Earl of (a lord of the Admiralty), 5 n. Lizard, the, cruising station, 5, 7, 9, 4o, 51, 103, 306 Longford, Captain Edward Michael Pakenham, 2nd Baron (Alexander), 36, 239 Lord Chancellor, the, see Thurlow Lord President of the Council, the, see Gower, Bathurst Lord Privy Seal, the, sec Dartmouth MIDDLETON Louis, Lieutenant Thomas (Bienfaisant), 197, 198, 288 Luttrell, Captain Hon. John (Charon), 123 Lyttelton, Thomas, 2nd Baron, 313 MACBRIDE, Captain John (Bienfaisant), 36, 193, 195, 199 ; letters from, 32, 285, 287, 288 ; correspondence with Rodney, 196, and Lángara, 198 Main fleet, see Western squadron Maitland, Captain Hon. Frederick (Vengeance, then Elizabeth), 25 Man, Admiral Robert (a lord of the Admiralty, 1 779-80), 5 n., 35 n., 278 ; attends Cabinet, 131 Man, Captain Robert (Cerberus), 286 n. Manchester, George Montagu, 4th Duke of, 315 Manley, Mr & Comm. John, 307 Manners, Captain Lord Robert (Resolution), 200 Manning of the Navy, 4, 15-21, 24-33,45, 1 79, 18o, 184, 238, 289, 295, 297 ; bounty, 24 n., 25, 3o, 3 1 ; impressment, 24, 26-9, 32 ; protections, 304 ; lack of men, 15-18, 120, 127, 136, 238, 295 ; soldiers in the fleet, 18, 133, 289, 29o, 297 ; turning over from ship to ship, 15, 18, 21, 238, 239, 283, 305 ; number of men in pay, 316 Marines, the, 18, 1 57, 239 Marshall, Captain Samuel (Emerald), I I, 113-15 Martin, Captain Henry, 3 ; Commissioner at Portsmouth, 162 Martin, Samuel, 3, 162 n. Martinique, 155, i66, 179, 1 89 ; cruising station, 123, 254 Mathew, Major-General Edward (Col. 62nd Foot), 120, 127, 131, 132, 265 M`Laurin, Captain John, as Mr & Comm., 286 n. Mediterranean, the, situation, 42, 165 ; squadron, 208 Melgarejo, Capitán de navlo Francisco (Fenix), 197 Middleton, Captain Charles [1st Baron Barham] (Comptroller of the INDEX 327 MINORCA Navy), 3, 5, 8, 9, 87, 95, 303 ; his letters and memoranda, 21, 42, 62, 69, 83, 85, 87, 102, 172, 177, 279, 301, 302 ; quoted, 78 n., 246 n., 2 75 Minorca (and Port-Mahon), 155, 156, 165, 182, 187, 188, 200, 204 Moutray, Captain John (Ramillies), 36, 277, 290 n. Mulgrave, Captain Constantine John Phipps, 2nd Baron (Courageux, a lord of the Admiralty), 36, 295, 304 ; letters from, 15, 16, 33, 57, 91, 227, 28o, 305 ; quoted, 303 n. ; on conduct, equipment, and maintenance of the fleet, 5, 15, 17, 33, 34,57-60, 91, 92, 227, 228, 282, 305, manning, 15, trade defence, 34, 58, 305 ; on Hardy, 17, 57, 58, 6o, Geary, 28o, Barrington, 281, Keppel, 281, Howe, 281 ; attends Cabinet, 131 Mutiny in the Navy, 130, 239, 246, 247 NAVY, the, State of, 316 See also Carronades, Copper sheathing, Discipline, Docking and repairs, Fireships, Frigates, Health, Manning, Mutiny, Pay, Provisions, Punishment, Shipbuilding, Ships of the line, Sickness, Stores, Training Navy Board, the, 43, 69, 7o, 178 Neutral States, relations with, 1o, 110, 170, 184, 190 ; trade in naval stores, io, 114. See also St Eustatius New York as a base, 228 ; in danger of attack, 122, 137, 146, 147, 240 North, Frederick, Lord [2nd Earl of Guilford], 26, 32, 5o, 93, 223, 240, 282, 293, 299 ; letters from, 28, 29, 47, 48, 8o, 96, 1 07, 1 3o, 292, 294, 297 ; quoted, for n., 143 n. ; letters to, 294, from the King, 294, 298 ; opinions on the conduct of the war and the fleet, 8, 9, 24, 28, 29, 47-9, 8o, g6-8, 101 n., 107, 130, 131, 143 n., 202, 204, 206-8 ; present at Cabinet, 14, 25, io6, 131, 181, 185, 187, 243, 25o, 25 1 , 255, 284, 289 North America squadron, the, 13 n., PEMBROKE Chap. ii passim, 166, 181, 182, Chap. iv passim ; mutual relation of forces in N.A. and W.I., 122, 134, 141, 144, 147, 161, 166, 228, 2 3 1 , 2 38, 240, 24 1, 25 1-4 Nott, Captain John Neal Pleydell (Centaur), 36 OGLE, Rear-Admiral Sir Chaloner, as capt. Resolution, 15 ; commodore, 200, 239 Omoa, Honduras, 123, 148, 151 Ordnance Board, the, 44, 169, 178, 2 75 Orvilliers, Lieut.-général Louis Guillouet, Comte d’, 6-9, 47, 67, 94 Osborn, Peter (secretary to Sir Charles Hardy), 280 ; letters from, 35, 5 6; quoted, 102 n. Ourry, Captain George (Ocean), 64 n., 65 Ourry, Captain Paul Henry (Commissioner at Plymouth), 7, 69, 71, 72, 76-8, 81, 84, 317 ; letters from, 64, 73, 78, 84 ; quoted, 75 n. ; letters to, 67, 72 PALLISER, Vice-Admiral Sir Hugh, Bt., 3, 155, 201, 211 n., 233, 295, 317 ; letters from, 63 ; quoted, 91 n. Parker, Vice-Admiral Hyde, as R.A. and C. in C. Leeward Is., 124, 156-8, 167 ; second in command, 159-61, 216-18, 232 ; letter quoted, 1 57 Parker, Captain Sir Hyde (Phoenix), 73 n• Parker, Vice-Admiral Sir Peter (C. in C. Jamaica), 122, 123, 134, 161, 167, 224, 230, 234, 237, 23 8,241, 255, 256, 258 ; letters from, 142, 144, 148, 150, 152 ; quoted, 256 n. ; letters to, 149, 150, 256 Pattison, Major-General James (Col. Commdt. R.A.), 265 Patton, Captain Philip (Prince George), 36, 42 Pay of seamen and marines, 238, 239, 246, 247, 305 Pembroke, Lieut.-General Henry Herbert, loth Earl of (7th of Montgomery), 317 328 THE SANDWICH PAPERS PENNY Penny, Captain Taylor (Marlborough), 61 n. Peyton, Captain Joseph (Cumberland), 36 Plymouth, 6, 7, 314 ; defence of, 38, 39, 64-8, 70-83, 317-19 Pole, Captain Charles Morice (Britannia), 36 Port Mahon, see Minorca Porto Rico, 155, 158 Portsmouth, Virginia, 120, 131, 132, 263 Portugal, relations with, 110, 170, 184, 190 ; cruisers on coast, 276, 286 Pownoll, Captain Philemon (Apollo), letter from, 191 Prescot, Major-General Richard (Col. 7th Royal Fusiliers), 137 Prescott, Colonel Robert (Lieut.-Col. 28th Foot), brig.-gen. in the Leeward Is., 156 Prevost, Major-General Augustine (Col. Commdt. 4/6oth Royal American Regt.), 120 Privateers, III, 1I2, I21, 176 Proby, Captain Charles (Commissioner at Chatham), 53 Provisions, 6, 1 7, 34, 45, 59, 85, 120, 303 Punishment in the Navy, 239, 246, 247 Pye, Admiral Sir Thomas (C. in C. , Portsmouth), 18, 62, 99, 122, 129 n., 205, 239, 296, 300 ; letters from, 37, io8, 246 QUEBEC, 238, 244 RAMSAY, the Rev. James (Prince of Wales), letters quoted, 123 n. Rawe, Mr & Comm. Thomas, as lieut., 100 Refits and repairs, see Docking Reggio, General Andrés (Director general de la Armada), 199 Reynolds, Captain Francis Card Baron Ducie] (Jupiter), 108, 145 Rhode Island as a base, 122, 134 ; evacuation, 122, 137, 140, 262 ; occupation by enemy, 225-7, 238, 24o, 249, 250, 253 ST KITTS Richmond, Lieut.-General Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of, 314, 3 1 5, 317 n., 318 Rigby, Richard (Paymaster General of the Forces), 27 Roberts, Mr & Comm. Francis, as lieut. Quebec, 105 Robertson, Mr & Comm. George (Fortune), 207, 209 Robinson, John (Secretary to the Treasury), 9, 62, 107 ; letters from, 24, 46, 107 Robinson, Captain Mark (Shrewsbury), 36 Rochambeau, Lieut.-général J.-B.- Donatien, Comte de, 238 Rockingham, Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquis of, 218, 313, 3 1 5 Rodney, Admiral Sir George Brydges, Bt., K.B. [ist Baron] (C. in C. Leeward Is.), 122, 123 n., 155, 156, 158-62, 185-7, 192, 202, 212, 213, 219, 222, 227, 228, 234, 237, 238, 240, 241, 244 n., 251, 252, 260, 2 75, 278, 285, 286 ; his letters and memoranda, 188, 191, 193, 195, 198, 200, 211, 214, 222, 252, 261 ; letters to, 205, 208, 209, 213, 220, 231, from Macbride, 196 Rodney, Lady, 155, 209, 223 Ross, Rear-Admiral Sir John Lockhart, Bt., 3, 13, 36, Ioo, Ioi, 2 77, 278 n., 292, 306, 307 n. ; letter from, 204 Rowley, Rear-Admiral Joshua, as commodore, 143 ; R.A., 158, 160, 161, 217, 218, 224, 228 ; letters from (quoted), 234 n. ; letters to, 230, 234 SAINT CHRISTOPHER’S, see St Kitts St Domingo (or Hispaniola), 122, 124, 143, 161, 168, 174 St Eustatius (Dutch W.I.), 123, 167, 188 St George’s Cay [Belize], 123 St Helen’s, as a base, 91-3 St John, Captain Hon. Henry (Intrepid), 36 St Kitts (Leeward Is.), 123, 124, 1 74, ’77 INDEX 3 29 ST LUCIA St Lucia (Windward Is.), 123, 157, 158, 174, 225 St Malo, 6, 9, 31 n., 48, IoI n. St Vincent (Windward Is.), loss, 124 ; proposed recovery, 124, 157, 158 n., 189 Salter, Captain Elliot (Hussar), letter from, 109 Sandwich, General John Montagu, 4th Earl of : his memoranda, 52, 164, 186 ; letters to Arbuthnot, 141, 247, 255, 266 ; Barrington, 279 ; Darby, 221 ; Drake, Soo ; Elliot, 208 ; Geary, 290 ; Graves, 270 ; Hardy, 13, 1 4, 40, 49, 55, 88 ; Hotham, 219 n. ; Johnstone, 286 ; Kempenfelt, 3 ; North, 294 ; Ourry, 67, 72 ; Parker, 1 49, 1 50, 256 ; Rodney, 205, 208, 209, 213, 220, 231 ; Rowley, 23o, 234 Shuldham, 71 ; Walsingham, 233 his opinions on conduct of the war and conduct, equipment, and maintenance of the fleet, 5, 8, 13, 14, 4o, 41, 49, 5o, 52-5, 58, 68, 71, 72, 88, 89, 93, 1 4 1 , 1 5 1 , 155, 164-71, 186, 187, 208, 210, 214, 231, 233, 248, 286, 287, 29o, 29 1 , 295, 3 1 3-1 9 ; on officers, 3, 4, 89, 1 4 1 , 155, 206, 207, 213, 214, 221, 222, 230, 232-4, 256, 257, 266, 267, 270, 2 75 , 295 ; on promotions and appointments, 142, 151, 152, 207, 209, 210, 211, 232 ; the King’s opinion, 18, 25, 25 n., 61, 87, 93, 164 ; present at Cabinet, 14, 25, 106, 131, 181, 185, 18 7, 2 43, 25o, 251, 255, 284, 289 Savannah, Georgia, 122, 124, 140 Sawyer, Captain Herbert (Boyne), 1 45 Scilly, cruising station, 6, 56, 103 Shelburne, Lieut.-General William Fitzmaurice-Petty, 2nd Earl of [ist Marquis of Lansdowne], 314, 316, 318 Shipbuilding and equipment, 9, 21-3, 44, 68, 71, 72, 76, 169, 176-81, 3 1 5 Ships : Adamant (IV. so), 261, 264 Ajax (III. 74), 165, 169, 186 Ajax (Fr. 64), 203 Albany sloop, 128 Albion (III. 74), 217 SHIPS Ships (continued) :- Alcide (III. 74), 165, 169, 186, 204 Alexander (III. 74), 16, 36, 239 Alfred (III. 74), 16, 36, 204 Alliance (Am. ? 36), 115, 136 Amazon (V. 32), 104 Ambuscade (V. 32), 36, 126 America (III. 64), 16, 36, 247, 263 Amphitrite (VI. 24), 239, 245 n., 261, 264 Andromeda (VI. 28), 36 Apollo (V. 32), 36, 192, 203, 204 Ardent (III. 64), 8 n., 16, 21, 22, 44, 48, 51, 82, 95, 9 6, 11 9, 127, 1 7 1 , 1 79, 3 1 4 Ariel (VI. 2o), captured by enemy, 200, 289 Arrogant (III. 74), 62, 8o, 98, IoI, I03, 163, 168, 169 Barfleur (II. 98), 41 n., 42, 162, 169, 301 , 3o6, 30 7 Bedford (III. 74), 35, 3 6, 204, 239, 245 n. Bellona (III. 74), 169 Berwick (III. 74), 36 Bienfaisant (III. 64), 32, 36, 198, 203, 204, 285 Bizarre (Fr. 64), 203 Blenheim (II. 98), 22, 32, 44, 45 n., 62, 7 1 , 76, 79, 8o, 81, 87, I o r, 163, 168, 169, 179 Boreas (VI. 28), 26o Boston (Am. ? 24), 136 Boyne (III. 70), 145 n. Brilliant (VI. 28), 104, 217, 286 Bristol (IV. 5o), 314 Britannia (I. roo), 16, 36, 303 n. Buffalo (IV. 6o), 21, 22, 51, 61, 62, 8o, 87, 277 Camilla (VI. 2o), 132, 1 35 Canada (III. 74), 19, 36 Centaur (III. 74), 36, 263, 264 Centurion (IV. 5o), 305 Cerberus (V. 32), 286 Charon (V. 44), 123, 264 Chatham (IV. 5o), 109 Childers sloop, 198 Comte d’Artois (Fr. privateer), 287, 288 n., 289 Concorde (Fr. ? 32), 105 33o THE SANDWICH PAPERS SHIPS Ships (continued) :- Confederacy (Am. 36), 136 Conqueror (III. 74), 16o n. Conquestadore (IV. 6o, receiving ship,) 16, 21 Convert (V. 32), 201 Cormorant sloop, 104 Cornwall (III. 74), 212 Countess of Scarborough armed ship, 9 Courageux (III. 74), 15 n., 16, 34, 36 Culloden (III. 74), 4, 37, 41 , 5 1 , .204 Cumberland (III. 74), 7, 16, 36, 89, 204 Daphne (VI. 2o), 139, 141 Dauphin-Royal (Fr. 70), 124 n. Deane (Am. ? 32), 136 Defence (III. 74), 1 5, 36, 1 97, 198, 199 n., 204 Defiance (III. 64), 1 30, 1 34, 238 n. Diligente (Sp. 74), 204 Dispatch sloop, 126 Druid sloop, 99 Dublin (III. 74), 22, 64, 76, 169 Duke (II. 98), 16, 36 Dunkirk (IV. 6o), 21; as receiving ship, 16, 285 Edgar (III. 74), 8o, 165, 169, 181, 182, 208, 210 Egmont (III. 74), 36 Emerald (V. 32), II, 99 Europe (III. 64), 1 34 Experiment (IV. 5o), 121, 122, 126 ; captured by enemy, 200 Fame (III. 74), 16o n., 212 Fénix (Sp. 8o), 197, 198, 199 n., 204, 226 n. Firebrand fireship, 36 Flying Fish cutter, 10, II Formidable (II. 98), 22, 40, 41, 44, 5 1 Fortune sloop, 209 Foudroyant (III. 8o), 16, 23, 36, 59, 278, 306 Fowey (VI. 24), 264 Furnace fireship, 41 General Glover (Am. privateer), 146, 147, 182 General Mifflin (Am. privateer), 94 George hired cutter, 36 SHIPS Ships (continued) :- Gibraltar (III. 8o), 225, 226 n., 232, 285, 288 n., 307 Grafton (III. 74), 159 n. Greyhound (VI. 28), 186 Griffin cutter, io Guadaloupe (VI. 28), 264 Hector (III. 74) ,36, ?5 1 Hero (III. 74), 22, 169 Hind (VI. 24), 99 Holdernesse hired cutter, 36 Hope sloop, 126 Hornet sloop, 186 Hussar (VI. 28), III n., 264 Hyena (VI. 24), 199 Incendiary fireship, 36 Infernal fireship, 36 Inflexible (III. 64), 169, 2 77 Intrepid (III. 64), 36, 59, 217 n. Invincible (III. 74), 16, 36, 95, 203, 204, 239, 244 n., 245, 246 Iris (V. 3 2) ,45 n. Isis (IV. 50), 70, 8o, 87, 124 n., 178, 319 Janus (V. 44), 143 Jupiter (IV. 5o), Ioi n., 108, 145 Kent (III. 74), 22, 169 Kite sloop, 36, 286 Lenox (III. 74, receiving ship), 62, 289 Leviathan (IV. 5o), 151 Lion (III. 64), 124 Lively sloop, 23o Lizard (VI. 28), 15, 36 London (II. 98), 18, 3 6, 59, 239 Lynx sloop, 304 Maidstone (VI. 28), 146, 147, 182 Marlborough (III. 74), 7, Z2,44, 48, 51, 61 n., 203, 204, 245, 277, 282 Milford (VI. 28), 36, 308 Minerva (V. 38), 278 Monarca (III. 70, late Sp. 74), 192, 204 Monarch (III. 74), 36, 204 Monmouth (III. 64), 160 n. Montagu (III. 74), 169, 186, 217 n. Namur (II. 9o), 1o, II, 16, 17, 36, 307 n. Nimble cutter, II, 113 Nuestra Senora del Buen Consejo (Sp. 64), 11o, 113 INDEX 331 SHIPS Ships (continued) :- Ocean (II. 90), zz, 23, 64, 76, 77, 8o, 83, 85, 95, 169, 307 n. Ostrich . sloop, 142 Palmier (Fr. 74), 94 Panther (IV. 6o), 181, 210 Pearl (V..32), 264 Pegasus (VI. 28), 73 n., 186, 196, 201, 211 n., 216 Peggy hired cutter, 36 Phoenix (V. 44), 152, 186 Pluto fireship, 36 Porcupine (VI. 24), 36 Port Royal sloop, 144, 148 Preston (IV. so), 219 Prince George (II. 98), 20, 36, 4 1 n., 204 Prince of Wales (III. 74), 123 n., 302 Prince William (III. 64, late Sp. Guipuzcoana), i56, 197 n., 204, 288 n. Princess Amelia (III. 8o), 44, 62, 8o, 84 Princess Royal (II. ? 98), 123 n., 246 n. Princessa (III. 70, late Sp.), 204, 304 Prothee (III. 64, late Fr. Protée), 156, 202, 203, 204, 205 Providence (Am. ? 32), 136 Prudent (III.64), 22, 4 1, 44,45 fl., 5 1 , 239, 263 Quebec (V. 32), 105 Queen (II. 98), 35, 36 Raisonable (III. 64), 121 n., 132, 1 34 Raleigh (V. 32), 76, 84, 177, 180 Ramillies (III. 74), 16, 36, 59, 246 n., 277, 278 n. Rattlesnake sloop, 104, 286 Resolution (III. 74), 15, 16, 37, 4o, 41, 51, 202, 203, 204, 205, 2 39, 245, 247 Resolution (privateer), III Resource (VI. 28), 1 43 Richmond (V. 32), 180 Robert and Jane hired cutter, 99 Robust (III. 74), 128, 134 Roebuck (V. 44), 1 35, 237 Roebuck (packet), 261 Romney (IV. 5o), 31 n., 55, 59 n., 91, 101 n., 103, 104 SHIPS Ships (continued) :- Royal George (I. ioo), 36, 203, 204, 307 n. Royal Oak (III. 74), 108, 205 Royal William (II. 84), 169 Ruby (III. 64), 122, 150 Russell (III. 74), 1 34, 240 n., 263, 264 St Albans (III. 64), 62, 8o, 84, 103, 124 n., 163, 178, 179 Saint-Michel (Fr. 64), 105 Salamander fireship, 36 Salisbury (IV. 5o), 314 Sandwich (II. 98), 4, 22, 6o, 156, 169, 179, 186, 192, 205, 206, 216, 217, 218, 225;226, 226 92. San Eugenio (Sp. 74), 194 San Julián (Sp. 64), 193, 200, 203 Santo Domingo (Sp. 74), 196 Savage sloop, 126 Serapis (V. 44), 9, 11 5, 3 1 3 Shrewsbury (III. 74), 7, 36, 186, 204, 244 12., 245, 246 n., 247 Somerset (III. 64), 64 n. Southampton (V. 32), 7, 19, 36 Suffolk (III. 74), 160 n. Sultan (III. 74), 151 Swallow sloop, 36 Tartar (VI. 28), 103, 104 Temeraire (III. 74) ,74 Terrible (III. 74), 37, 4o, 4 1 , 5 1 , 89 n., 217, 26o Thames (V. 32), 264 Thetis (V. 32), 8o, 99, 165, 171, 172 Thunderer (III. 74) ,4, 36 Tiger (privateer), 112 Torbay (III. 74), 169, 210, 211 Trident (III. 64), 159 n. Triton (VI. 28), 36, 203, 204 Triumph (III. 74), 36, 26o Trumbull (Am. ? 28), 136 Ulysses (V. 44), 99 Unicorn (VI. 2o), 186 Union (II. 9o), 16, 17, 36, 307 n. Valiant (III. 74), II, 36, 277, 282, 283 Vengeance (III. 74), 124 n., 16o, 167 Venus (V. 36), 158 n. , 215 n. Victory (I. 1oo), 16, 36, I00, 278 n., 280, 292 Vigilant (III. 64), 160 n. 332 THE SANDWICH PAPERS SHIPS Ships (continued) :- Vulture sloop, 126, 132 Washington (Am. 32), 136 Wolfe sloop, 55 Yarmouth (III. 64), 16o n. Young Hazard hired cutter, 36 Ships of the line, io8, 166, 208 ; state, 169-72, 243, 244 ; armaments, 41 n., 177, 199 n., 226 n. Shuldham, Vice-Admiral Molyneux, 1st Baron (C. in C. Plymouth), 7, 69, 74, 76-9, 81, 84, 87, 303, 307, 308, 317-18 ; letters from, 70, 75 ; quoted, 20 n., 45 n. ; letter to, 71 Sickness in the fleet, 4, 9, 18, 34, 59, 6o, IOI, 102, 127, 245, 277, 292 Signals, 42, 159 Spain, relations with, 5, 142, 143, 190, 277, 278 Spanish forces, state and strength, 6-9, 35, 47-9, 94, 161, 168, 170, 201, 224, 276, 278. See also Convoys Spithead, as a base, 5, 9 1-3, 96, 97 Stephens, Philip (Secretary of the Admiralty), 9, 8o, 284, 285, 294, 297, 303 ; letters from, 99, 293 ; Barrington to, 295 Stewart, Captain Hon. Keith (Berwick), 36 Stores, 22, 70, 120, 132, 180, 302 Stormont, David Murray, 7th Viscount, K.T. [2nd Earl of Mansfield] (Sec. of State Northern), 115, 188, 308, 316, 318 ; present at Cabinet, 106, 185, 187, 243, 250, 251, 255, 284, 289 Symons, Captain John (Defence), 36 TERNAY D’ARSAC, Chef d’escadre Chevalier de, 203, 225, 228, 23 8-40, 243, 244, 248, 25 1, 253, 254, 2 59, 261, 263 Texel, the, cruising station, 9-I I, 107, Io8 n. Thompson, Captain Edward (Hyena), 1 99 Thompson, Captain Samuel (America), 36 Thurlow, Edward, 1st Baron (Lord Chancellor), 26 ; letters from, 26, 27 ; present at Cabinet, 14, 25, Io6, 131, 181, 185, 187, 2 43 WELLS Tobago, 1 74 Tonyn, Colonel Patrick (Gov. St Augustine, East Florida), 14o Torbay, as a base, 5, 9, 33, 34, 40, 103, 122, 278 Townshend, Lieut. – General George, 4th Viscount [1st Marquis] (Master General of the Ordnance), 318 Trade, attack and defence of, 5, 6, 9-II, 34, 50, 51, 58, Io8, 13o, 131, 135, 163, 173-7, 186, 187, 204, 276, 277, 29o, 292, 305, 306 Training of seamen, 22 Transports, 156, 157, 172, 180 Trinidad, 1 55 Trollope, Mr & Comm. Henry (Kite), 286 Tryon, Major-General William (Col. loth Foot), 120, 265 USHANT, cruising station, 4, 5, 9, 276, 2 77 VAUDREUIL, Capitaine Rigaud, Marquis de, 123 Vaughan, Major-General Hon. John (Col. 46th Foot), commanding troops in the Leeward Is., 1 55, 1 57, 158 Vernon, Rear-Admiral Sir Edward (C. in C. East Indies), 24 n. Virginia, 120, 127, 131, 132, 135, 138 WALLACE, Captain Sir James (Experiment), 121, 122 Wallis, Captain Samuel (Dublin), 306 n. Walpole, Hon. Robert (Envoy at Lisbon), 287 Walsingham, Captain Hon. Robert Boyle (Thunderer, then commodore at Jamaica), 36, 151, 161, 206, 208, 213, 214, 220, 246 n., 282 ; letters from, 46, 92 ; quoted, 4, 55 n., 122 ; letter to, 2 33 Washington, George, 119, 128, 14o, 225, 240, 249 Welderen, , Graaf van (Dutch Envoy at St James’s), 114 Wells, Lieutenant Thomas, 207, 210, 226, 232 INDEX 333 WEST West Indies, convoys and trade, 5, 6, 9, 34, 44, 50, 51, Too, 173, 290, 292 ; defences, 163, 165-8, 173-7, 182 ; mutual relation of forces in W.I. and in N.A.,122, 134, 141, 1 43, 1 44, 147, 148, 151, I 61, 175, 181, I 82, 224, 228, 231, 238, 240, 241, 251-4. See also Jamaica, Leeward Is. Western squadron (main or grand fleet), Hardy in command, 3, Geary, 275, Darby, 278 ; instructions, 4-9, 33, 5o, 51, 61, 276, 284, 29o, 303 ; movements, strength, and reinforcement, Chap. i. passim, 155, 156, 163-6, 168-70, 172, 176-9, 18o, 187, 188, 191-204, 208, Chap. V. passim, 313-15 Weymouth, Thomas Thynne, 3rd Viscount [ I st Marquis of Bath] YOUNG (Sec. of State Southern, and tempy. Northern), 5o, 128 ; present at Cabinet, 25, 131, 181, 185, 187 Wheate, Mr. & Comm. Sir Jacob, Bt., as lieut. Marlborough, 61 n., 62 William Henry, Midshipman H.R.H. Prince [William .IV] (Prince George), 20, 46, 156 Winchilsea, Lieut.-Colonel George Finch, 9th Earl of (4th of Nottingham) (87th Foot, Vengeance), 217, 218 YORKE, General Sir Joseph, K.B. [Baron Dover] (Ambassador at the Hague), 106, 114, 115 Young, Captain Walter (Sandwich), 195, 207, 212
Sir George Barnes was born on 13 September 1904 in Byfleet, the son of the lieutenant-governor of Burma. He went to the Royal Navy College, Osbourne and then BRNC Dartmouth, but was rejected by the Royal Navy because of poor eyesight; He later attended King’s College, Cambridge University between 1922 and 1927, reading history. He then taught at Dartmouth until 1930. After a spell at the CUP, he joined the BBC in 1935 as a Producer in the Talks Department. In 1946 he was promoted to be the first ever Controller of the new BBC Radio Station, the Third Programme until in 1950 he became a Director of BBC TV. He was knighted for overseeing the Coronation broadcast in 1953. He retired from broadcasting in 1956 becoming Principal of the University College of North Staffordshire, now Keele University. He died at Keele on 22 September 1960.
His publications include
John Hely Owen was born in Yorkshire in 1890, the son of a solicitor. He entered the Royal Navy in 1905, and became a Midshipman in 1907 and a Lieutenant in 1912. He was second in command of the submarine C5, in the North Sea in 1916, and then commanded the submarine H1 alongside the Italians against the Austrians in the Adriatic, 1916-1918. Subsequently he commanded submarine L4 on the China Station, was second-n-command of the cruiser Calliope, 1925-1926. He served in the Naval Intelligence Division, 1931-1933, but retired as a Commander 1932. He served in the Naval Historical Section of the Admiralty, 1939-1945, writing battle summaries to provide guidance for admirals and their staff. He died in 1970.
He wrote historical articles for The Naval Review from 1925 and a confidential history of mutiny in the Royal Navy in 1933(classified until 1973).
His publications include
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