Sir James Saumarez was a Channel Islander with a distinguished naval record. He had fought under Rodney at the Saintes, Jervis at St Vincent, and Nelson at the Nile. He had received his knighthood for his capture of the French frigate Réunion in 1793. In 1799 he had been chosen by St Vincent to carry out the hazardous duty of the close blockade of Brest.
The Baltic command was the result of the Treaty of Tilsit between Napoleon and the Tsar Alexander in 1807 which aimed to exclude all British merchantmen and warships from European ports, and made Russia responsible for the exclusion of Britain from the Baltic. The Baltic was vital to Britain as its major source of essential naval stores, such as hemp, flax and timber. So it became Saumarez’ responsibility to keep the Baltic open to British shipping, to encourage any state that would oppose this policy, and support Sweden – one of the few Baltic States to reject this Napoleonic policy of exclusion. This was a role requiring considerable skills in diplomacy and business as well as seamanship, in particular after Sweden elected a Frenchman, Marshal Bernadotte, as Crown Prince.
‘The maritime war in the Baltic was a hidden, in some ways a secret, war,’ writes the editor of these Papers. According to him, Saumarez in the Baltic had to grapple with ‘a commercial and political underworld peopled by men whose business was necessarily conducted in dark corners remote from the glare of public events and whose furtive journeys across the Baltic were shrouded in a fog of secrecy’.
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INDEX References in italics give biographical details of persons. Ranks and titles are those at the time of reference. ABERCROMBY, General Sir Ralph, 26/z. Abo, xxiii, 13 and n., 124, 130, 252, 258 Aboukir Bay, xii Acklom, Commander George, R.N., 82, 147,149,153, 199, 201, 212, 234-5, 244, 260 Adalbert, Mr., 182/1. Adams, Captain, 71 Adlersparre, Lieutenant-Colonel Georg, xvii, 61n. Aland Islands, xvii, 34-5,77,85,89,94,97, 99, 101-2,104,106/z., 124, 132 Alexander I, tsar of Russia, xv, xviii, xxiii, 48, 53, 56 and /*., 59, 147/f., 215w., 221, 223, 234, 237, 247, 252, 255-6, 258, 265 Algebras, battle of (1801), xiii Algiers, bombardment of (1816), 143/z., 260/j. Alien, Lieutenant Charles, R.N., 97, 102-3 Alien, William, 91n. Almeida, fortress of, 182 and n. Alms, Captain James, R.N., xi Alphabet, inverted, 171 and n. Alquier, Charles Jean Marie, Baron, 162, 221 Altenberg, 108 Amal, 191 n. Amburgh, Mr., 115 Andalev [Endelaye], island of, 37 Anholt Island: lighthouse on, 12; capture of, 60, 80-2; advantages of possession, 81, 158-9, 169; Danish attack upon (1811), 175 and n.; defence of (1812), 216, 226, 241; mentioned, 157, 180, 196-7,215 Antwerp, 207 Archangel squadron, 151, 256 and n., 263 Arendal, destruction of Danish frigate off, 236«. Aspo, 95 Atkins, Captain David, R.N., 20P-10; and see Shipwrecks: Defence Atkins, Mr. J., 182/t.,227 Auerstadt, battle of (1806), 184/1. Austerlitz, battle of (1805), 184/f., 244w. Autridge, Commander William, R.N., 47 BADAJOZ, 40«. Baker, Lieutenant, R.N., 209 Baker, Captain Thomas, R.N., 18, 26 Baltic Port [Baltiski], xviii, 41,45-6,48-50, 52, 54-7; and see Rogervik Baltic Sea: climatic conditions in, 10,55-7, 60-1, 72, 93, 104, 107, 111, 113-15,133, 148-9, 194, 200, 203-4, 207-8, 212, 244, 259 Baltimore, (U.S.A.), 150 Barclay, Lieutenant John, R.N., 126 Barker, Commander Edward C, R,N., 94 Barnsley, 73 Barrett, Captain John, R.N.,774,119,157; and see Shipwrecks: Minotaur Barrow, John, 68, 154, 156, 158, 188, 190, 216 Bathurst, Henry, 3rd Earl Bathurst, 111 and n. Bathurst, Captain Walter, R.N., 60-1 Bautzen, battle of (1813), 244w. Beckett, Joseph, 71,73 Belt, the; see Great Belt Bengtskjar, 38 Bennett, John, 232 and n. Bentinck, Vice-Admiral William, 242 Beresegna [Beresina], river, 215,266 and n. Berlin, 104/*., 108/2., 137, 171 and «., 189, 193 and n., 198 Berlin, decree of against British trade, xiv, xxi Bermudez, Francisco Zea, 224 Bernadotte, Jean Baptiste Jules, marshal of France, prince of Ponte Corvo: governor and commander-in-chief Hanseatic towns, xvi, xvii, 10, 36; elected crown prince of Sweden (1810), xxii, 147-9,151, 159-60; his designs on Norway, xxiii-iv, 169, 180-1, 246, 261-2; his relations with Tsar Alexander I, 221 and n., 223, 242, 252; mentioned, 173,185,220,240, 247, 250, 260-1 Bernstorff, Christian, 221/z. Bernt, Beskow and Co., 124,130 Bertie, Rear-Admiral Thomas, 3, 23, 25, 33,51,61,65,80,86,90 Bertrand, General Henri Gratien, 106 Bezerra de Seixas, Joao Paulo, 181, 199n. Bjorko, 23 Black Rocks (Bay of Brest), xiv Blekinge, Swedish province of, 123,176/7. Bliicher, General Gebhard Lebericht von, 169, 189, 192-4, 198; and see Colberg, plans for defence of Bodeskoy; see Bodisco Bodisco, Rear-Admiral (Russian navy), 20 and n. 275 276 INDEX Bointon, Mr., R. N., 242 Bonaparte, Napoleon I, emperor of the French, xiv-xxv, 25, 38, 77-8, 86, 95, 112, 119, 127, 134/z., 147-9, 162, 165, 172,173w., 184/7., 188,203,220,225,238, 265-6 Bornholm, island of, xix, 10, 12, 17, 18, 20-2, 27, 39, 61, 66, 76, 260; and see Eartholms Borrisaw [Borisov], 266 and n. Bothnia, gulf of, 16,79-80,84-5,87,89-90, 96-7, 101, 103,132 Bourbon, Louis Antoine de, duke of Angouleme, 19 Bovenbergen, [Bovbjerg], 209 Bradby, Rear-Admiral James, 136«. Bradby, Lieutenant Matthew Barton, R.N., 136 Brahestad, 23 Bramsberg, 73 Brest, xii-xiv Brine, Lieutenant George, R.N., 259, 259 Brine, Admiral James, 239/j. Brinkmann, Carl Gustaf von, 100«. Bristol, 182 Broadstairs, 26In. Broderick, Lieutenant John, R.N., 136, 139 Brosch, Captain, 76 Bucharest, 266«. Bucharest, treaty of (1812), 238w. Buller, James, 227 and n. Burch, Captain, 71 CADIZ, xii-xiv, 145 Calmar [Kalmar], 127 Camels, 257 and n. Campbell, Captain Donald, R.N., 36 Campbell, Rear-Admiral George, 9, 163 Camperdown, battle of (1797), 60«., 239n. Canning, George, xviw., 30-1 n., 56, 92, 95 Carlscrona [Karlskrona], 10/z., 14//., 17-19, 28//., 33,35,37-8,44,50-7,60,66,68,73, 79-87, 90-2, 95, 104, 108-11, 113-14, 121, 133-4, 152, 155, 158, 173^, 176, 204, 218, 225, 228, 246 Carlshamn [Karlshamn], 5, 61, 66 and n., 68,121,127,137,154,158,176,202,204, 249-51, 259; detention of merchantmen and cargoes at, 169,177-9,181-2 and n., 183,185,187,197,227 Carlslund, 223, 233; and see Orebro Carlstad [Karlstad], 67 Caro y Sureda, Pedro, marquis de la Romana, 40′; and see Keats Castlereagh; see Stewart, Robert Categat; see Cattegat Cathcart, William Schaw, LieutenantGeneral Viscount, 238, 241-2, 246-7, 252-3, 255, 258-9, 262, 264-5 Cattegat [Kattegat], xix, 8, 9, 12, 57-8, 72 143, 159-60, 170, 174, 200-1, 204, 256, 261 Champion, Samuel, 184 and ;/., 223, 243, 247, 258 Charles X, king of France, I9n. Charles XIII, king of Sweden, xvii, 73, 77-80, 84-5, 87, 89, 91, 100, 106, 119, 147,152-5,172 and/!., 231 Cheltenham, 59, 265 . Cherbourg, xii Chetham, Captain Edward, R.N., 260 Chetwynd of Bearhaven, Richard, 5th. Viscount, 186, 245 Christian VII, king of Denmark, 10 Christian August, duke of Augustenborg, 104, 119,129 and n., 135,172 Christiania, 16 and n. Christiansand, 179, 183, 21 6n. Cochrane, Captain Nathaniel Day, R.N. 74 Colberg: communications with continent through, 65, 83, 90, 96, 108, 112, 137, 140,156,171;plansfordefenceof(1811), 190-206; mentioned, 115,127-8,145-6, 150, 189 and n. Collendburg [Kalundborg], 180 Congreve, Colonel William, 222 and n. Constantinople, 86/z. Continental System, the, xix, 106,162,165 Convoys: timing of, 13, 53-4, 58-9, 65-7, 68,104,107-11,113-15,119-21,144,149, 157,170-1, 195, 217-18, 231-3, 255,259 Cooke, Edward, 227 and n. Copenhagen, xv, 5, In., 9n., 10, 23«., 123, 128, 160, 172-3, 216 and n., 221, 228w., 238//., 261 Corsaer [Kors0r], 37, 93 Corsoer; see Corsaer Corunna, battle of (1809), 13/i., 26n. Courland, 234, 236, 257 Croker, John Wilson, 113, 119, 121-2, 124-5, 133, 138, 141-3, 145, 149, 154, 156-8, 164, 170, 174-5, 180, 186, 194, 200-1,205,216-19,231-3 Cronenburg [Kronborg] castle, 60, 223 Cronstadt, 7, 13, 15, 21, 28, 34, 43, 45, 49, 50,80-1,85,91,110,133,174,252,256;;., 257 and n., 259, 263 Cronstedt, Vice-Admiral Carl Olof (Swedish navy), xvii, 14 and see Sveaborg Crown, Vice-Admiral Roman (Russian navy), 256 Gumming, Patrick, 234 and «., 236 Curtis, Admiral Sir Roger, 212 and n. DAGERORT, 49, 91, 226 Dago, island of, 70 Dalaro, 35, 92, 244, 254 Danzig, 24,32,66,69,72,75-6,106,126-7, 139, 215, 234, 251-2 and //., 253 INDEX 277 Danzig Bay, enemy privateers in, 70, 72, 75; mentioned, 114,158, 226, 257 Bars Head [Darsser Ort], 39,125,129,149, 180,208,243,251 Bars peninsula, 128«. Dashwood, Captain Charles, R.N., 200-1, 211,216-17,220,243-4 Davout, Louis Nicolas, marshal of France, prince of Eckmuhl, 184, 203 Deal, 9,181,263 Denmark, xv-xx, xxiii, 3, 30, 35, 79, 80, 86w., 106 and *., 123, 152, 173, 178-80, 197,215,221-2,229,256,261 Denmark-Norway, xix; see Denmark and Norway Diamond Rock, 159n. Dickson, Captain Sir Archibald Collingwood, R.N., 17, 26, 51-2, 156-7, 251, 253 Dickson, Admiral William, 11 n. Dixon, Rear-Admiral Manley: 65, 77, 81- 2, 115, 143-4, 158, 160, 175, 203, 206; commands squadron in Great Belt, 90-1, 119,121,169,180; his recommendations for defence of trade, 93-4; appointed to command of South American station, 215 Dobree, Lieutenant Nicholas Charles, R.N., 238 Dodt, Captain, 219 Dogger Bank, battle of (1781), xii Domeke, Captain, 71 Domesnass, 70 Donaldson, Mr., 225 Dornberg, Wilhelm Kaspar Ferdinand, Colonel Baron von, 191, 193, 198-9, 202-5, 207-8, 242 Downs, anchorage at, 9-10, 51, 57, 143, 156-7,160,162,164,175,195,206-7,224 Drag0, 25, 28, 60 Drusina, Louis, 15n; see Hahn Dublin, 83«. Duke, Valentine, surgeon, R.N., 44, 46, 77-8, 89 Dumaresq, Captain Philip, R.N., 777,223- 4, 243, 258, 265 Duna; see Dvina, river Dundas, Robert Saunders, 2nd Viscount Melville, 239, 241-2, 247, 262, 265 Dundas, Captain Thomas, R.N., 164-5 Durell, Anne, xi Durell, John, xi Durell, Captain Philip, R.N., xii Durell, Captain Thomas, R.N., xi Durham, Rear-Admiral Philip Charles Henderson Calderwood, 169, 175, 207 Dvina, river, 16,76, 239, 244 EARTHOLMS [Ertholmene]: as privateering base, xix, 6 and n., 10-11,24,27; capture advocated, 10-12, 20-2, 76; bombardment of, 106 and «.; mentioned, 158,254, 260 Ehrenheim, Fredrik Wilhelm, Baron von, 34-5 Ellicott, Commander Edward, R.N., 141 Elsinore, 60, 61«., 122, 128, 148, 212, 222 Ernes, Moller and Ernes, 65; see Ernes, William and Philip Ernes, William and Philip, 65n., 68, 107, 119,154,170,195,217-18 Engelhart, Professor, 172«. Engelholm [Angelholm], 220 Engestrom, Lars, Baron von, 104, 134,152, 156,187,223 Essen, Hans Henrik, Field-Marshal Count von, 78«., 775 Essen, Ivan Nikolayevitch, General Count, 234, 236-7, 239-40, 242, 253 Eyles, Captain Thomas, R.N., 755,180 FABRAGUES, Lieutenant Antonio (Spanish army), 40 Fairman, W. D., 171; see Saumarez, ViceAdmiral Sir James Falsterbo, 60,114 Fanshawe, Commander Henry, R.N., 797, 199 and «., 211; and see Shipwrecks: Hero Fanshawe, General Robert (Russian army), 197w. Fawkener, William, 186 Feird, 128 Femeren [Fehmarn], island of, 54, 58,180, 243 and n., 251 Fenwick, Charles, 61, 86w., 123, 129,148, 159,175,177-8, 220, 225 Finisterre, cape, battle of (1747), xi Finland, xvi-xviii, 14-16, 32-4,77, 79, 80, 101-2,124, 130,132, 138, 262; ceded to the Russians, 105,106 and n. Finland, gulf of, xviii, 20, 23-4, 35, 38,41, 45, 50, 54-6, 70, 84, 88, 90-1, 94, 97, 99, 101-2, 103^, 129, 133, 139, 148, 159, 224, 226, 228, 245, 256, 263 First of June, battle of (1794), 60n. Fitzwilliam, Charles William Wentworth, Viscount Milton, 73 Flanders, 145 Flemish Road; see Gothenburg Flushing, 105, 145, 183; and see Scheldt fleet Fontainebleau, decree of against British trade (1810), xxi Foster, Augustus John, 74, 76, 78-80, 82, 84, 91-2, 94,103,107,109-10,112,121, 123,128, 133 Foy, George, 187 and n., 244 Frahm, Captain, 219 Francis II, emperor of Austria, 108 Frederickshamn [Frederikshamn], 23, 95 278 INDEX Frederik VI, king of Denmark, 146«., 148, 159,221,261 Frederik Christian, duke of Augustenborg, 146/z. Frederikshamn, treaty of (1809), 95«., 103, 106 and/*., 134/z. Friedland, battle of (1807), xv, 244n. Friedman, B. J. and Co., 188 Fuentes d’Onpro, battle of (1811), 182/z. Funen [Fyn], island of: Spanish troops on, 25,30-2,37-9, release of Spanish troops from, 39-41,54 GAMBIER, Admiral Lord, In. Gamble, Mr., 223 Gamle Carleby, 23 Gasmund, 128 GatskaSando, 159 Gibson, Alexander, 171«., 186 Girard, Captain, 219 Gneisenau, Colonel August Wilhelm Anton, 169, 759-90,193 Goels, the, 128 and n. Goldschmid, B. A., 69 Good Hope, cape of, S2n. Gothenburg, xvii, xxiv, 5, 6, 9, 13, 16 and n., 18-20, 22, 25-7, 29, 31-2, 36, 50-4, 57, 59, 66-8, 71-2, 74, 82-3, 85, 87, 92, 111, 113-15, 120 andw., 121, 123, 125, 127-9, 132-7, 142-3, 149-51, 154, 156- 61 and «., 162-4, 169, 175-9, 181, 187, 194, 203-5, 216-18, 223, 230w., 232-3, 241-2, 244, 247, 250, 252-3, 256-8, 263 Gotland, island of, 15«., 17, 19, 20 and w., 21, 66, 76, 99,107 Gottorp, Count; see Gustavus IV Adolphus Graham, Lieutenant Thomas, R.N., 47 Graves, Captain Thomas, R.N., 52 Great Belt: commercial and strategic importance of, xv, 58-9,90 ;British warships in, xvii, 16-17, 23, 84, 91, 113, 120-1, 255; Danish gunboats in, xix, 36, 39, 58-9,82,90,93,175,180; convoy service through, 65-7,87*., Ill, 121,139,143-4, 226, 241; mentioned, 5, 6, 9, 12, 19, 21, 29, 34, 38, 48, 50-2, 54, 57, 61, 69, 72, 81-2, 85,110,114,119,125, 129, 132-3, 138,149,156-61,169-70,174,180,202- 6, 212, 218, 228-30, 232-3, 240, 243, 246-8,256-7,261,263 Greenwich Hospital, 7«., 97«., 136/i. Griefswald Island, 150 Griffin, John, 76 Groix, ile de, battle of (1795), xii Gr0nsund, 128 Grose, Ferdinand, 171 Guernsey, xi, 7, 44«. Gustavus III, king of Sweden, In., 14/i., 20/z. Gustavus IV Adolphus, king of Sweden: his attitude towards Napoleon, xvi; his relations with Sir John Moore, xvii, 23, 26, 29, 32, 34; his deposition, xvii, 65, 67, 73-4, 77-8; his journey to Britain (1810), 161 and n mentioned, 7, 9, 11, 14-15, 17/z., 21-3, 28-9, 31-5, 38-9, 43, 48-9, 50-2, 54, 57, 102, 220 Gyllenskold, Carl Edvard, 260 HA ABAS, Captain Johan, 192 Haeck’s [Haake] Sand, 211; see also Shipwrecks and Texel Hahn, Heinrich, 65, 75 and w., 88, 95,105, 108-111,115 Hakansson, Anders, Baron af, 776 Hamburg, 36, 162,184, 203 Hamrarna, 20 Hango Udd: strategic importance of, xviii, 15, 20; battle near, xviii, 41 and «., 49; mentioned, 17/i., 19, 29, 32, 34-5, 37-8 Hanickhoff, Vice-Admiral Peter (Russian navy), 43 and «., 56 Han6Bay,xxi, 125,129,135,137,139,141, 145-7, 149, 152, 156-7, 160, 176, 179, 195, 200-4 and /i., 215, 218-19, 224-7, 231-2, 235, 239, 243-4, 251, 253-5, 257- 60, 263-4; alleged disadvantages of as rendezvous for convoys, 75-6; appointed rendezvous for convoys (1810), 129, 169-70; advantages of stated, 133 Hano Island: commercial entrepot at, 150, 157, 184, 208, 222, 225-6, 230, 248-51, 259 Hanseatic towns, xxi, 10 Harnosand, 101 Harvey, Lieutenant Robert, R.N., 40 Harwich, 163 Hawke Road; see Gothenburg Hawkey, Lieutenant Joseph, R.N., 94, 97 Heligoland, island of, 31 and «., 36, 161, 232 Hellavill, 176 Helsinborg: see Helsingborg Helsingborg [Halsingborg], 15, 17-18, 23, 61w., 80,159-60,222 Helsingfors [Helsinki], 252-3, 258 Helvout, 145, 173, 181 Henderlis, Captain Gauke, 69 Henrichsen, Captain, 76 Henry, Captain, 71 Hesse, 191/z. Hessleden, Lieutenant James, R.N., 126 Hewlitz, Mr., 114 Hey wood, Captain Edmund, R.N., 255 Hjelmstjerna, Rear-Admiral Claes Leonard (Swedish navy), 87 Hoganas, 222 Hogland, 95 Hogland, battle of (1788), 9ln. Holland, 145,172, 223 INDEX 279 Hollesley Bay, 151,175,207 Hollis, Captain Aiskew Paffard, R.N., 81- 2,149; and see Anholt Holmes [Hanstholm], 143, 208 Holstein, 8-10, 36, 159, 221, 229, 231, 261 Honeyman, Captain Robert, R.N., 133-4, 141,164 Hood, Rear-Admiral Sir Samuel, 3, 7-10, 14, 17-24, 28-9, 31-3, 38, 50, 54, 71, 73-4/i.; in action with the Russian fleet, 41-3,49; his ill-health, 65, 76 Hooper, Commander George Wastell, R.N., 254 Hope, Captain George Johnstone, R.N., 24,44, 49, 56, 98-9, 101, 177, 200, 211- 12, 247, 263-4 Hope, Lieutenant-General John, 26, 29, 32 Horn reef, 209 Hoseley Bay; see Hollesley Bay Houghton, Lieutenant William, R.N., 98 Hull, 25 Humber, estuary, 66,170,232 Hummelbek, 222; and see Sound IRELAND, xxi, 109-10,145 Iverta, Mr. de, 163 JACOBI-KLOEST, Baron, 25 and n. Jamison, Dr. John, 772,177 Jasmund, 150 Jena, battle of (1806), xv, 198/z. Jersey, xi, 33«. Jervis, John, Admiral Earl of St. Vincent, xii, xiii, xiv Johnson, John Mordaunt, 83, 137, 140, 146,156,162-3, 189-90,193 Jones, Captain Peter, R.M., 81 Jones, Lieutenant Thomas, R.N., 234-5 Jonkoping, treaty of (1809), 106w. Jutland, xvii, 12, 37, 40, 125n., 143, 159, 246, 261 KAMENSKI, Lieutenant-General Nicholas Mikhailovitch, 103 and n. Katthammar, 107 Keats, Rear-Admiral Richard Goodwin: appointed to the Baltic fleet, 3, 7, 8,10; arrives off Gothenburg, 18; ordered to command squadron in Great Belt, 27-9; ordered to cruise off Pomerania, 33; releases Spanish troops from Danish territory, 36-7, 39^1; ordered to take command of squadron and to winter at Marstrand, 51-2, 57; his recommendations for defence of trade in Great Belt, 58-9; reports losses sustained by convoy in the Sound, 59-61; his reactions to the Swedish revolution, 67-8; his correspondence with Hahn, 75-6; instructed to defend Sweden (1809), 80-1; recommends Schroder, 83-4; sails for Britain, 90; mentioned, 23, 65, 88, 140 Kemi, river, 138 Kemner, N., 22 Kempenfelt, Rear-Admiral Richard, xii Kermer, Captain, 71 Kiel, 126, 228-9, 231 Kiel Canal, 229, 243, 247 King’s Lynn, 248/z. Kioge [K0ge] Bay, 61, 81,129 Klawitter, Captain, 71 Kokar, 97,101 Konigsberg, 69,71,73,75,89,171,184,186 Kovno, 234 Krusenstjerna, Rear-Admiral Mauritz Peter Gramen (Swedish navy), 85, 131, 138,146-8,151-2,155,176 LAGERBJELKE, Gustaf, Baron, 75-80 Landscrona [Landskrona], 68, 87«., 222 Landsort, 22,91 Lange, Captain, 128 Langeland, island of, 36-7, 40, 58, 82, 93, 226, 229, 243 and n. Leidke, Captain, 71 • Leith, xxi, 66,141-2,170,232 Le Marchant, Carteret, xi Lemtake, Captain Nicholas, 69 Leynis, Mr., 127 Libau, 20,22,110,128,192,219,226,234-5 Licences for trade, xxi, 13, 53,75,88-9,92, 126-8, 131-2, 138, 149, 154, 186, 188, 192,194, 199, 227-9, 240, 245-6 Lindegren, John, 92 and n., 140,176-7,225 Linzee, Captain Samuel Hood, R.N., 181 Lisbon, 19,161 Lisle, Peter de, midshipman, R.N., 759,186 Liverpool, 71 Livonia, 16 Lloyd, Captain Robert, R.N., 243, 263 Lloyd’s Coffee House, 231-3 Lobo y Campo, Rafael, 36, 39 Lodi, battle of (1796), 251«. London, 8,10, 52,70-1,74, 80,104«., 113, 119, 121,130,134-5,140, 142, 150, 154, 163, 169-70, 174, 187/1., 193/*., 218-19, 232, 259 Long Hope Sound, 66 and n., 141-2, 170, 232 Lorsso, 124 Louis, General; see Lowis Lourdsk, 266«. Lovise, 23 Lowis, General Friedrich von, 236 Lubeck, 128 Lubomirski, Prince Casimir, 187 and n. Lucas, Lieutenant Mark Robinson, R.N., 792-4 Lukin, Captain William, R.N., 24, 50-1,55 Lund, university of, 172«. Lutzen, battle of (1813), 244/z. 280 INDEX MACDONALD, Etienne Jacques Joseph Alexandre, marshal of France, duke of Tarentum, 236, 239, 258 Mackenzie, Lieutenant-Colonel Colin, 31 and/*., 36 Macnamara, Captain James, R.N., 40 Madras, In. Magdeburg, 203 Maimberg, Mr., 83 Makelato Bay, 104 Malmo, 25/i., 26, 54, 58, 60-1, 81, 85, 222 Malmo Channel: convoys attacked in,25-6, 60; passage of convoy through( 1811 ),212; mentioned, 32,50,54,58-60,90,222,246 Malta, lln. Mansell, Lieutenant Thomas, R.N., 44, 48, 94,100 Marengo, battle of (1800), 251//. Marks, Mr. S., 171; see Gibson, Alexander Marmont, Auguste Frederic Louis Viesse de, marshal of France, duke of Ragusa, 251 Marstrand, 50-1,152-3 Martin, Captain, 71 Martin, Captain Thomas Byam, R.N., 41 ; and the destruction of the Vsevolod, 41- 2; off Baltic Port, 44,49, 55; at Porkala Sound, 94; hoists his flag on board the Aboukir and proceeds to Baltic (1812), 215, 224; ordered to inspect defences of Anholt, 226; and to proceed to Hano Bay, 226; proceedings of! the south coast of Baltic, 230-1, 234-5; communicates with the governor of Riga, 234-6; activities at Riga approved by Saumarez, 237-40, 242, 265; instructed to proceed to Hand Bay, 244, 247, 253; promoted rear-admiral of the white, 247; activities off Danzig, 251, 257; ordered to Wingo Sound, 258-9; letter from acknowledged by Saumarez, 264-5; mentioned, 88, 251,254 Martin, Mrs. Thomas Byam, 265 Mason, Captain Francis, R.N., 125 Massena, Andre, marshal of France, prince of Essling, 160-1, 182 and n. Matvik: as rendezvous for convoys, 149, 156-8, 170, 200,204-6, 208, 255, 259-60 Maurice, Captain John Wilkes, R.N., 759, 196 May, Captain, Royal Artillery, 40 Mecklenburg, 11, 159, 229; occupation of ports by French (1810), 148 Meicht, Peter Andriel, 126 Memel, 22, 70-1, 75 and n., 76, 109, 114- 15,127-8,185,234 Merchantships: Alexis, 71 Amelia, 150 Anna Louisa, 124 Merchantships—Continued Anne, 251 Anne Charlotte, 219 Assistance, 150 Aufang, 71 CarlJohan, 216 Concordia, 192 Conjunctor, 71 Dorothea, 219 Elbe, 71 Elbing, 219 Elizabeth, 69 Estafette, 71 February, 71 Flora, 219 Friendschaft, 192 Gute Bole, 140 Harder, 128 Hercules, 71 Hungarian Wolf, 128 Invariable, 71 January, 71 Jaschental, 60 Junger Ehbert, 150 Kocker, 128 Maria, 71 Marineuke, 71 Moritz, 188 Nadagsda, 60 Recommencement, 60 St. Johannis, 69 Satisfaction, 71 Speculation, 71 Superb, 71 Thol, 128 Three Gehroeders, 69 Uranus, 70 Uriana, 235 Uriel, 228 Watzymannick, 71 Werde, 128 Woll, 128 Young Henry, 192 Merry, Anthony, 67 and n., 16-1 Milan, decree of against British trade (1807), xxi Mills, George Galway, 171 and n. Milton; see Fitzwilliam, Charles William Wentworth Minsk, 266«. Mitchell, Todd and Co., 232 Moen [M0n] Island, 24,31,36,38,125,208 Moldavia, 266«. Moore, Lieutenant-General Sir John: commands expedition to Sweden (1808), xyii, 75-14, 17-18: his opinion of, 13/7.; differences with Gustavus IV Adolphus, xvii, 23, 34; detained in Stockholm, 26; decides to return to Britain, 29; letter from Castlereagh to, 29-32; mentioned, 36,54 INDEX 281 Morner, Gustaf, Count, 105 and n. Morris, Commander George, R.N., 60-1 ; and see Shipwrecks: Magnet Morris, Rear-Admiral James Nicol, 215, 219, 225-8, 230-1, 237, 240-1, 243, 248, 253, 255-6, 258-9, 263-4 Morris, Captain John, R.N., 219/j. Moscow, 185,257 Mountenay, Mr., midshipman, R.N., 95 Muller, Gottlieb, 171 Miiller, Mr. P.; see Dornberg Murray, Lieutenant-Colonel George, 18, 29,33 NARGEN Island, 94 Narva Bay, 95 Nauckhoff, Rear-Admiral Henrik Johan (Swedish navy), 28, 32, 35, 37, 42-4, 48, 50, 55-6, 77, 84, 89, 124,130,142 Navarino, battle of (1827), 60/z. Naze of Norway, 141,143,174 Neitzel, Captain Gottlieb, 192 Nelson, Rear-Admiral Horatio, xii, xiv, xv Neustadt, 128 Neva, river, 76, 257/1. Newfoundland, In., 90/j. Newman, Captain James Newman, R.N., 206, 210; and see Shipwrecks: Hero Nicholls, Captain Edward, R.M., 81 Niemen, river, 266 Nile, battle of the (1798), In., 14n., 141«. Nordenskjold, Sub-Lieutenant Carl Reinhold (Swedish navy), 78, 89 Nore, the, 51, 66, 69,120-1,136,170,195, 200,207,217-18,232 Norskow [Naskov], 93 North Flint shoal, 60; and see Malmo Channel North Sea, xx, xxi, 9,170, 256«. North Sea fleet, 5n., 142-3 and «., 174, 180-1 and/z. North Yarmouth: see Yarmouth Norway, xviii, xix, xxii, xxiii, 8,12,17, 57, 86/z.,169,174,179-81,216-17,246,261-3 Nugent, Lavall, Count, 757 Nyborg,30, 37,40,93,180 Nystadt [Nysted], 208 OAKLEY, Charles, 29, 32 O’Brien, Captain Lucius, R.N., xi Oland, island of, 254 Oldenburg, duchy of, xxi Ommaney, Rear-Admiral Cornthwaite, 263«. Ommaney, Captain Henry Manaton, R.N., 263 Ompteda, Christian Friedrich Wilhelm, Colonel Baron von, 189, 793-4 Ompteda, Ludwig Karl Georg von, 193«. Oporto, 182 Orders in Council, British, xx, 130 Orebro: meeting of Swedish estates at (1810), 147, 151; (1812), 220-1; peace negotiation at (1812), 223-5, 230, 238; mentioned, 148, 228-30, 233-4, 240, 246-7 Orkney Islands, 66n. ; and see Long Hope Sound Oro, road of, 37 Osel, island of, 22 Oslo; see Christiania Ostergam, 107 Oudinot, Charles Nicolas, marshal of France, duke of Reggio, 244, 258,265 Ouvarov, Lieutenant-General Fedor Petrovitch, 237 and n. Oxford, 264 PAKENHAM, Captain Edward, R.N., 206«., and see Pakenham rudder Pakenham rudder, 206 and n., 208 Palmer, George, midshipman, R.N., 234 Paris, xxii, 147,184 Paris, treaty of (1810), 78w., 124«., 134;?., 175/1. Parish, Mr., 162 Parker, Captain George, R.N., xvi, 5, 6, 8-10/z. Parker, Vice-Admiral Sir Hyde, xii Parker, Admiral Sir Peter, 5n. Pater, Captain Charles Dudley, R.N., 727, 208-9, 226, 243 Paterson, Captain (1), 71 Paterson, Captain (2) 71 Paterson, Captain Peter, 69 Paul I, tsar of Russia, xv Pearson, Captain Richard Harrison, R.N., 136 Pearson, Captain Sir Richard, R.N., 136/z. Pellew, Vice-Admiral Sir Edward, 143, 145, 160 Perceval, Spencer, 230 and n. Peter, duke of Oldenburg, 147 and n. Pettet, Lieutenant John Bentinck, R.N., 141/1. Phillips, James, 171 Phipps, Henry, 1st. Baron Mulgrave of Mulgrave, 7, 10,16,22,25,29, 31,36,39, 49,91,97,99,100,102 Pickering, Mr., 252 and n. Pickmore, Rear-Admiral Francis, 65, 90, 111,113-14, 119 Pillau, 69, 70, 72-3, 75, 90, 96, 105, 110, 127-8, 234-5 Pipon, Commander Philip, R.N., 33, 42, 44,49,220-1,223-4 Pitea, 101-2 Platen, Baltzar Bogislaus, Baron von, 91, 94, 98-9, 100,103 Platov, General Count Matthew Ivanovitch, 237 Plymouth, 181«. 282 INDEX Poland, 102, 184 Pole, William Wellesley, 5-7,26,43,47,49, 50,52,58-9,65,68,81,91,107 Pomerania, Swedish, xxiii, 21, 33,48, 84//., 95n. 9 109,124 and n., 132,138,142,152, 159, 175«.,229,250 Porkala Sound, 97,102 Portsmouth, 9,176/1., 2l2n. Portugal, 181 Prauschriever, Captain, 71 Privateers: French; Tilsit, 76; and see Warships, British Voltigeur, 76 Wagram, 153,155 Danish; Juliana, 126 Proby, Captain the Hon. Granville Leveson, R.N., 141 Prussia, xv, xxi, xxiii, 11, 24, 52, 106, 109, 112,126,148-9,165,178-9,184,188-91, 193-4, 197-9, 202-3, 205, 207, 250; and see Prussian ports Prussian ports: occupied by the French, xxi, 148-50; obstacles to trade at, xxi, 148-50,188,219 Pucke, Captain, 70 Puget, Captain Peter, R.N., 9 Puke, Johan, Admiral Baron af (Swedish navy), 86, 96, 98, 101-2, 134, 176, 178, 231,254 Puttavill, 176 QUILLIAM, Captain John, R.N., 201, 217, 226 RA, 222 Raga, east and west; see Rogervik Rajalin, Salomon Mauritz, Vice-Admiral Baron von (Swedish navy), 15-17/f., 19, 21-2, 28, 32, 34, 38, 107 Randchoup, Consul, 162 Ratan, 101-2 Reatall, Captain, 71 Rehausen, Gotthard Mauritz, Baron von, 261, 263 Rennie, Lieutenant George, R.N., 97, 102 Revel, 15, 21, 28, 95, 102, 105, 199 and «., 228, 244 Reynolds, Captain George, R.N., 99 Reynolds, Rear-Admiral Robert Carthew, 119, 725, 133, 139, 156, 169, 174-6, 180, 185, 192, 194, 202-4 and //., 205, 208, 215; and see Hano Bay and Shipwrecks: St. George Rhoder, Captain, 71 Riga: defence of (1812), xxiv, 215, 234-7, 239, 241-2, 244, 251, 253, 262, 265; trade at, 16, 70-1, 111, 113, 240, 245; mentioned, 76,109-10,114-15,124,130, 161, 192, 226, 247, 252, 254, 258-9 Riksdag, the, 22Qn. Robertson, Reverend James, 31/z. Rochefort, In. Rogers, (?) Francis, midshipman, R.N., 139 and n. Rogervik: blockade of Russian fleet at (1808), 42-4, 47-8; blockade lifted, 49, 50, 55-6 Romsoe [Roms0] Island, 58, 82, 125, 129 Rosen, Axel Pontus, Count von, 161-4, 185,224,238 Rosenkrantz, Niels, 221 and n. Roskilde, 37 Ross, diplomatic messenger, 30 Ross, Lieutenant Daniel, R.N., 136, 139; commands the Ariel, 226, 234-5, 259 Ross, Lieutenant John, R.N., ix, xiiw., xivw., 44, 56w., 77, 85, 89, 92, 96, 98-9, 105, 177, 204«.; commands the Briseis, 234-5 Rostock, 127-8,149-50,154 Rugen, island of, 19, 21, 90, 228 Rugenwalde, 250 Russell, Rear-Admiral Thomas Macnamara, 5, 6, 8 Russia, xiv-xx, xxii-xxiv, 3, 11, 21, 24, 44-6, 49, 52-3, 56, 70, 77, 79, 80, 86, 88-9, 94-5, 101, 104-6, 111, 126, 148, 165, 184-5, 187-9, 197-8, 215, 223-4, 230,235-6,238,240-2,246,248-50,261, 265 Ryves, Captain George Frederick, R.N., 157-5 ST. BRELADE, 33/z. St. Clair, Commander David Latimer, R.N.,259 St. Gall, In. St. Helena, island of, 106/z. St. Helens: see Spithead St. Nicholas Gat, 151; and see Yarmouth Saint Peter Port, xi St. Petersburg, xviii, 45-6, 71, 95n., 103, 105,110,113,126,133,146,181«.,221«., 224/t., 238/z., 240, 244w., 255, 257«., 258, 264 St. Vincent, cape, battle of (1797), xii, 44/j. Saints, battle of the (1782), xii, 28/i., 136«. Salamanca, 182 Salamanca, battle of (1812), 251/z. Salo, 208-9 Saltholm(s) shoal, 28, 60 Samsoe [Sams0] Island, 37 Sandhamn, 22 Saumarez, James, 230, 242, 259 Saumarez, Vice-Admiral Sir James: birth and family connections, xi; career, xiixiii; professional reputation, xiii-xiv; appointed to Baltic command, xiv, 7-8; his orders (1808), 8-9, 11-14; views on employment of army, 16-18; co- INDEX 283 operation with Swedish navy, 19-21,38; requests additional flag-officer, 22-3; reaction towards detention of Sir John Moore, 26-7, 29, 31-3; attention drawn to Spanish troops in Danish territory, 25, 29-31; rescue of Spanish troops, 36-40; operations off Baltic Port, 41-4, 46-50, 52, 54-6; defence of his conduct (1808) 52-9; private letter to tsar of Russia, 56 and n., 57, 59, 215; arrives of Gothenburg (1809), 76; informed of critical situation of Sweden, 77-9; arrangements for maritime defence of Sweden, xviii, 79-81, 84-6; occupies Anholt, 80-2; proceeds to Gulf of Finland, 90-2, 97; offer of Swedish decoration, 91, 99, 100; operations in Porkala Sound, 94, 97-8, 102; reflections upon consequences of Russo-Swedish peace, 104, 111; caution on supply of arms to Prussia (1809), 109; arrives off Gothenburg (1810); ordered to blockade Elsinore, 122; lenient policy towards Swedish trade, 128, 129-32, 134-6, 138, 142, 152, 159; appoints Hano Bay rendezvous for trade, 129, 133; attitude towards naval patronage, 139, 239, 247; reports loss of convoy in Skagerak, 141; requested to send home part of the fleet, 144-4; recommends compensation for Schroder, 145-6; reports election of Bernadotte as crown prince of Sweden, 146-8; anxiety concerning trade with Mecklenburg and Prussia, 148-50,154; instructions to Captain Barrett, 157-8; states advantages of holding Anholt, 158-9; reaction to the election of Bernadotte, 159-60; reports Swedish declaration of war, 161-2; sympathetic interpretation of Swedish motives, 162- 5; arrangements for secret correspondence (1811), 171; transmits intelligence concerning Scheldt fleet, 172-3; his orders (1811), 173^; receives assurances from Krusenstjerna about Swedish policy, 176-7; learns of detention of vessels at Karlshamn, 177-8; admiralty instructions thereon, 178-9; comments upon Swedish policy towards Norway, 179-80; reaction to detentions at Karlshamn, 182-3,185,187; requests instructions for conduct in event of FrancoPrussian war, 188-89; requested by Gneisenau to aid Prussia, 189-90; ordered to assist Prussia in event of war, 190-1; prepares to assist Prussia, xxiiiiy, 191-4, 197-203; ignorant of intentions of Prussian government, 203-5, 207; reports defects of St. George, 206; attempt to aid Prussia abandoned, 206; reports loss of St. George and Defence, 208-9; gives orders for defence of Anholt (1812), 216-17, 226; orders to isolate Norway, 217; arrival off Gothenburg, 219; informed of Anglo-Swedish peace negotiations at Orebro, xxiv, 223, 230,238; complains of passage of Swedish convoy to Kiel, 228-30; learns of French invasion of Russia, 233-4; approves Martin’s resolve to assist the defence of Riga, 234-7, 239; hopes of Swedish military co-operation, xxiv, 238-40, 242, 246-7, 252-3, 258; blockades Zealand, 241, 243, 246-7; advises Martin to proceed to Hano Bay, 244, 247, 253; approves Martin’s diversion off Danzig; 252-3, 257; arrangements for Russian fleet to winter in Britain, xxiv, 255-7, 262-4; expectations of Swedish co-operation disappointed, 260-2; granted leave to return to Britain, 262 Saumarez, Mary Dobree, 262n. Saumarez, Matthew, xi Saumarez, Captain Philip, R.N., xi Saumarez, Captain Thomas, R.N., xi Sausmarez, Matthew de, xi Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg, Ludwig Adolf Peter, prince of, 244, 257, 265 Scania, 12, 20, 48, 87, 106/z., 123, 175w., 177,186 Scaw, the, 143, 208 Schaeffer, August, 83; see Schroder, E. F. Schaw, diplomatic messenger, 14 Scheldt fleet, 105, 142-3, 145, 160 and n., 161, 172-3 and n., 174, 181, 183, 197, 207, 229 Schill, Colonel Ferdinand Baptista, 90 Schmidt, Franz; see Mills, George Galway Schmidt, Messrs, and Co., 158 Schonbrunn, treaty of (1809), 105/1. Schroder, E. F., 65, 83-4, 96,112,115,137 and ii., 140-1, 145-6, 171, 192-4, 199; and see Colberg Schulenberg, Captain John, 188 Schwartz, Captain Gottfried, 137 and n. Sekleider, Mr., 127 Selby, Oswell and Co., 232 Selby, Captain William, R.N., 81 Serrell, Captain John, R.N., 229, 243 Seyer [Sejer0], island of, 58 Sheridan, Lieutenant John, R.N., 97, 102 Shipwrecks: Defence, 169,206,208-10 Hero, 169, 206 and n., 210-11 Magnet, 60 Minotaur, 4n., 119 St. George, I25n., 139«., 169,206,208-10 Sierach, Captain, 219 Silver Pits, the, 210 Skagerak, xix, xx, 142«.; see Sleeve, the Skekel, Lieutenant John, R.N., 97, 102 284 INDEX Sleeve, the, 142 and //., 151,157, 159, 161, 174-5, 181,183, 200, 208-10, 224 Slypsham [Slipshavn], 40 Smith, Charles Culling, 140 and n. Smith, John, 16, 19, 26, 67, 111, 115, 123, 128,133,135-6, 158,164,175,178, 194, 224, 230 Smith’s Knoll, 211 Smolensk, 257 Sodermanland, duke of, 73/?.; see Sudermania, duke of Solferino, battle of (1859), 137w. Solly, Edward, 71,115 Solly, Isaac, 65, 70 and n., 71-2, 113-15, 186 Solvitzborg [Solvesborg], 123, 129, 176, 202 Sound, the: commercial and strategic importance of, xv, xvi, 28, 222; Danish gunboats in, xix, 25-7, 58, 222; British warships in, 18, 23, 33, 51, 66, 79, 84; French privateers in, 222-3; mentioned, 5, 6,12-13,16-17, 19,21, 24,29, 34, 50, 57, 59-60, 66-7, 69-70, 85, Sin., 90,110, 114, 122, 129, 151, 172, 225, 246, 256; and see Malmo Channel Sound dues, 122 and n. South Flint Shoal, 60; and see Malmo Channel Speransky, Mikhael, 221 n. Spithead, 180-3, 195, 197, 207, 211, 241 Splitzbergen, J. C. and Co., 218-19 Sproe [Sprog0], isle of, 40, 58, 93, 143-4, 243 Squire, Mr., master, R.N., 56 Stedingk, Curt Bogislaus, Count von, 95 Stedingk, Victor Carl Ernst Berend Heinrich, Vice-Admiral Baron von (Swedish navy), 84 Steffens, Mr., 251; and see Pickering Stettin, 96 Stewart, Commander Hew, R.N., 239, 242, 244, 247, 253, 259 Stewart, Captain James Pattison, R.N., 236n. Stewart, Robert, Viscount Castlereagh, 10, 12-13, 29, 31, 217 and n., 227, 252, 255, 257, 262 Stirling, Lieutenant James, R.N., 95 and n. Stockholm, xvii, 8, 9, 12, 14, 16-18, 20-3, 26, 28-9, 32-3, 35,39,41-2,44,50,53-4, 67 and n., 73-4, 77-80, 84-5, 87, 89, 91-2, 98,100,103,106, 109,112,123-4, 127, 130, 133^1, 142, 162 and n., 175n., 178,182 and/I., 187//., 192,221,228,242, 244,246,248,250,253,255,257,260,265 Strachan, Rear-Admiral Sir Richard, 143 Stralsund, 33, 36, 90/*., 109,128, 132,150, 153,155 Stromstadt, 187 Suchtelen, General Jan Pieter van, 233 Sudermania, duke of, 73 ; see Charles XIII, king of Sweden Sullivan’s Island, 219/j. Svalperort, 22 Sveaborg, fortress of: surrendered to the Russians, xvii, 14 and n. Sweden, xv-xx, xxii-xxiv, 3,5,12-16,18-19, 23, 33,41, 49, 51, 53, 65-6, 73-4, 77-80, 86, 94-5, 98-101, 103-6, 111-12, 120, 122-4,127-32,134-40,142,146-8,151- 2, 158-60, 162-4, 169, 172-3, 178-80, 182,185, 187,197, 207, 221, 223, 238-9, 241-2, 247-50, 253, 258, 261 Swinemunde, 150,219 TAGUS, river, 145,197 Tate, Admiral George (Russian navy), 256 Tauentzien-Wittenberg, Friedrich, MajorGeneral Count von, 198 Tawast, Major-General Johan Henrik, 86, 182 Tchitchagov, Admiral Paul Vassilievitch (Russian navy), 266 Teutsch, Mr., 171 Texel, the, 114/z., 119,145,173,181, 2Q6n., 207, 211; and see Shipwrecks Thicknesse, Commander John, R.N., 258 Thomas, Lieutenant Samuel, R.N., 136 and n. Thompson, Captain Edward, 70w. Thompson, Captain Sir Thomas Boulden, R.N., 70, 72 Thornborough, Captain Edward, R.N., xiv Thornoe [Tun0], island of, 37 Thornton, Edward, 6, 8,9,12,14,17-18,21, 23,25-6,29, 31-5,44-6, 50,56,140,197, 203, 223-4, 228-9, 230, 235, 238, 242, 244, 246, 248-9, 252-3, 258, 260, 262, 265 Thornton, Mrs. Edward, 253 and n. Thornton, Stephen, Bros, and Co., 232 Ticks, Captain, 71 Tilsit, treaty of (1807), xiv-xvi Tjorko,96 Toker, Commander Thomas Richard, R.N., 75, 150 Toll, Johan Christopher, Field-Marshal Baron, 20, 24, 30, 36 Toulon, xii, xiii Trafalgar, battle of (1805), xiii, 24n., 75n., S2n., 126n., 141«., 143«., 164/2., 172/7., 176/*., 201w., 219/1. Troubridge, Rear-Admiral Thomas, xiv TunbridgeWells,216 Turkey, 238 and n. Turku-, see Abo ULEABORG, 103//. Ulverston, 68w. Umea, 101 INDEX 285 Uppsala, 78 Utclippers [Utklipporna rocks], 75 and /*., 81,83,158 VAsTERBOTTEN, xviii, 82«., 86w., 94,103 and n. Vernon, Lieutenant Frederick Edward Venables,R.N.,9S Viborg, xvii, 23 Victor, Claude Perrin, marshal of France, dukeofBelluno, 265 Vienna, 96/i., 104/*., 189-90 Vilna, 237, 266 WACHTMEISTER, Gustaf, General Count, 103 Wagram, battle of (1809), 105//., 184/1., 244/z. Walcheren, British expedition to (1809), 65,105w., 143/z. Walcheren fleet; see Scheldt fleet Walpole, Horatio, Lord, 248 Warberg, 60 Warmeland [Varmland], 67,161/z. Warnemunde, 125,127-8 Warneyminde: see Warnemunde Warren, Captain Frederick, R.N., 82 Warren, Captain John Borlase, R.N., xiv Warsaw, 104«. Warships: British; Aboukir, 56, 224, 226, 244, 247, 258 Acteon, 243 Aetna, 57 Africa, 32,51,54,80,90,144,156-8,160 Agamemnon, 172«., 260/z. Alaart, 47-9, 54, 57 Alban, 110,136,146 Alexandria, 74, 77, 90,125,144 Alonzo,94, 144,156 Amazon, I25n. Amelia, 5 Aquilon, 241, 252, 259-60 Ardent, 82, 133-4, 136, 141, 160, 164, 176,195,200,212 Ariel, 39, 43/i., 49, 51, 92,136,139, 144, 157, 226, 234, 258-60 Avenger, 81 Bedford, 239«. Bellerophon,9,94, 111 Bellette, 208, 229, 244, 263 Briseis, 196-7,199, 226, 234-5, 260 Britannia, 126w. Brunswick, 37, 40, 51-2 Calypso, 33,136,248,259 Censor, 150,157,175,192,226,254, 259 Centaur, xviii, 9,17-18, 24, 32,41-2, 45, 47,50-l,74w. Centinel, 54, 254 Cerebus, 90 Chanticleer, 134 Charger, 9,18,51,61 Warships—Continued British—Continued Cheerful, 157 Colossus, 75/z., 219«. Courageux, 174,192,194,199, 219, 228, 243 Crescent (1), xii Crescent (2), 201, 217, 226, 243-4 Cressy, 205-6, 208-9, 226, 230, 243-4, 251 0«/z*r, 75, 90,150 Daphne,*}, 149,183,216,259 Defence, 24/z., 169, 174, 176«., 205-6, 208-9 Devastation, 251, 254, 259 Dictator, 9, 10, 17, 32, 36, 51, 90, 121, 136, 176, 180, 195, 200, 205-6, 219, 231,236w.,243 Diligence, 144,180 Dreadnought, 208 Earnest, 51,121, 206, 254, 260 £^ar,36-7,40,51,lll,114,125,129,156 Egeria, 210 Egmont, 263 Ere&ws, 47, 51, 144, 157 Ethalion, 174, 203, 206, 217, 254, 255«., 259-60 Euryalus, 17, 19 Exertion, 9 Falcon, 54 Fama, 51, 57, 60: see also Warships, Danish Fawn, 207 Fisgard, 125,144,181 Flamer, 144 Fly, 180 Folkestone, 160-1 Formidable, 125, 156 Fortitude, xii Forward, 24,141 Furious, 254 Fwo>,51,158 Ganges, 121,164 Genoa, 60/i. Go/wtf, 9,18, 24, 32,49, 51, 54 Gorgon, 51,136, 139,156 Grasshopper, 183,187,197,199/i., 210-11 Hamadryad, 260 Hannibal, 161 >, 51,54 , 141, 219, 232 , 197, 229, 243-4, 263 Hero, 121, 145, 169, 174, 176, 205-6, 208,210-11 Hound, 40, 57 Hussar, 144 Impetueux, 181-3, 186 Implacable, xviii, 8, 17, 32, 41-2, 44-5, 47, 50-1, 54, 91, 94-5, 98«., 224 Kite, 51 Leander, 260/2. 286 INDEX Warships—Continued British—Continued Leveret, 54 Lightning, 149,158 Lion, lln. Loire, 144, 157, 174 Lynx, 5,51,115, 144 Magnet, 24, 47-8, 51-2, 57, 60 Majestic, 56 Mars, 24, 32, 49, 50-1, 54, 219, 243 Melpomene, 82, 94-5 Mercurius, 180 Meteor, 254, 259 Minotaur, 56, 91, 114,119n., 156-7,164 Minx, 51 Montreal, xi Mosquito, 36,40 Naiad, 164«. Nassau, xvii, 5, 6,10«. Neptune, S2n., 141/2. Nottingham, xi M/fifc/e, 219 Or/o/i, xii, 9, 17/z., 18, 26, 33, 44n., 49, 51-2, 57, 125, 144, 156-7, 202, 206, 208, 219, 237, 251 Owen Glendower, 81, 91 Pembroke, xii Persian, 232 Phoebe, 91 Piercer, 26, 54 Plantagenet, 121,149,156,164,176,180, 200, 224, 243, 263 Pompee, 10 Pr//ic* William, 141, 210, 232 Princess Carolina, 121, 125, 144 Princess of Orange, 9 Prometheus, 51, 83, 94-5, 121 Proselyte, 51 Providence, 232 Pyramus, 144, 200-1, 204, 206, 208, 211, 216,253,264 Quebec, 5 Raleigh, 164, 254, 259-60 ./te/^er, 51-2, 57, 81-2, 149, 199, 244, 255, 260 Reynard, 144, 219, 239, 247, 259-60 Resistance, 206/r. Resolution, 125,160 Rose, 32, 33;;., 41, 44, 48, 54, 57, 81, 83, 90,91,175,205,251 Royal George, 16n. Royal Oak, 136/z. Ruby, 90, 93, 136,143-4 Russell, xii Sacorman, 57, 60-1 Safeguard, 180 SV. George, 91, 125, 139, 156, 169, 174, 176, 202, 204/z., 205-6, 208-10 Salsette, 9, 24, 47, 51, 59-61 Saturn, 90-1,125, 129, 160 Sheldrake, 125,144, 15n., 238, 259 Warships—Continued British—Continued Snake, 232 Sw/*?, 9, 51,81,121,180 Solebay 1, xi Solebay2,4, 144 Standard, SI, 125,145, 149 Starling, 57 Stately, xvi, xvii, 5, 6, 8, 9,10, 80 Steady, 251 Superb, 32, 36, 39,40, 51, 58-9, 67, 83 Swan, 41-%, 125,164 Tartar, 51,90, 115, I15n. Tartarus, 109,158,161 Tees, 97/i. Temeraire, 77, 91 Thunder, 25n., 26, 54, 58 Tickler, 9 Tigress, 36 7Y/57Y, 90; see 0/50 Privateers Tisiphone, xii Tremendous, 176 Tribune, 18, 51-2, 54, 99/j. Turbulent, 25n. Urgent, 51, 60, 83 Vanguard, 10,18,26, 51,121,141«., 144, 174,180 Victory, xiv, 16,18-20, 22, 25, 29, 31-3, 35-6, 38-9, 41, 43-4, 46-51, 54, 56, 76, 78-82, 86, 90-1, 94, 99, 102, 108, 111, 121, 124-5, 128, 133, 135, 139, 141, 145-7, 149, 152, 156-62, 164-5, 175, 177, 179-80, 182, 185, 188, 193, 199,200-2, 205, 207-8, 219,224, 226- 30, 234-5, 237-41, 244, 247, 252-3, 257, 263, 265 Vigo, 175, 180, 202, 206, 208, 219, 225, 231, 243, 251, 253, 255, 258-9, 263 Woodlark, 158, 180, 228, 243, 251 Wrangler, 51,91,141, 144 Zealous, In., 14n., 231, 248 Danish; Fama, 40; see also Warships, British Kiel, 236n. Lolland, 236n. Naiad, 216, 236w. Prins Christian Fredrik, xvi, 10//. Samso, 23 6n. French; DroitsdeVhomme, 25n. Guillaume Tell, lln. Reunion, xii Russian; Amphitrite, 253 Vsevolod, 42-3 Swedish; Adolf Frederick, 96 Camilla, 50,60-1,97,222 Gustaf IV Adolf, 35,37 Jarramus, 37, 231 Swallow, 222 INDEX 287 Wasa, 94,102 Waterloo, battle of (1815), 189;*., I93n. Watts, Commander George Edward, R.N., 228 Webley, Captain William Henry, R.N., 74 Weir, Lieutenant Henry, R.N., 136 Wellesley, Lady Anne, 140«. Wellesley, Arthur, duke of Wellington, xxiv, 160,182«., 183,248, 251 and n. Wellesley, Richard Colley, 1st Marquis Wellesley, 729,135,138,178,190-1,197 Weser, river, 31w. Wessenberg; see Wessenberg-Ampringen Wessenberg-Ampringen, Johan Philipp, Baron von, 108, 137 West(er) Bothnia; see Vasterbotten West Capel, 181 Westfelt, Mr., 142 Whedley, Mr., 151 White, Commander Thomas, R.N., 43, 92, 95,136,139 Wicklow, 137«. Wilcke, Captain Ludwig, 192 Wilkinson, Captain Philip, R.N., 228-9, 243, 263 Wilkinson, W. D., 184 and «., 225, 248-9; and see Hano Island William Frederick, prince of Orange, 83/7., 96 Williams, Captain Robert, R.N., 136 Wingo beacon; see Wingo Sound Wingo Sound [Vinga Sund]: convoys to call off, 66, 68, 170; delays at, 68, 149, 231-3; mentioned, 69,76,78-81,90,112, 141, 156-8, 160-2, 164-5, 173-5, 177, 179-83,193,195-7,199-202,204-5,207- 10,216, 219-20, 224, 227-9,234-5, 237- 41, 243, 246, 248, 251, 253, 256, 259-60, 263-4 Wismar, 36, 125, 128, 142, 149, 154 Wittgenstein; see Sayn-Wittgenstein Wrede, Fabian, General Count, 82, 94 YARMOUTH, 6,9,10, 66,129,151-2,156-7, 161,196,241-2 Yorke, Charles Philip, 729, 135-6/1., 139, 144, 146-7, 151-2, 159-62, 175, 177, 179-83, 185, 187-8, 194, 196, 199, 202, 207 Young, Admiral William, 757, 207 Ystad, 24, 36, 39, 61, 65, 82-3,92/z., 122-5, 128,130-2, 137-8, 140, 203-4, 207 ZAKUBUWO, battle of (1812), 244/z. Zealand, island of, xvi, 8, 9, 12, 36-7, 43, 58, 91,159,172,180,222, 241, 243, 246- 7, 261-2 Zee Bermudez; see Bermudez Zuyder Zea [Zuyder Zee], 145
Tony Ryan won the Julian Corbett essay prize for naval history in 1951, for his essay on the British expedition to Copenhagen in 1807. He was senior lecturer in naval history at the University of Liverpool for many years, and served several terms on the council of the Navy Records Society. He published a number of important articles in The Mariner’s Mirror, contributed essays to a number of collaborative volumes and festschrifts, and also co-wrote (with J S Bromley) the section on navies in volume 6 of the New Cambridge Modern History. He was Honorary Secretary (Publications) of the Navy Records Society 1973-80 and then General Editor 1981-93, a record of 20 years hard labour and love.
• The Saumarez Papers (Navy Records Society, 1968)
• England’s Sea Empire 1550-1642 (with D B Quinn, 1983)
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