The causes of the Second China War were complex; one factor went back deep into China’s past when the country was the predominant power in the Far East and had developed a civilisation that, culturally and technically, was far ahead of that of Europe. This gave them a superiority complex which they retained when the country turned in on itself and cut itself off from the rest of the world at the end of its golden age which occurred around the end of the 15th century. They were still maintaining this attitude at the time of the events with which this volume is concerned, regarding the Europeans as barbarians and an inferior race.
The other major factor was the European, predominantly British need to find markets for the ever increasing volume of manufactured goods. A further factor was the breakdown in the Chinese system of government, which was beginning at that time. British relations with China were governed by the 1842 Treaty of Nanking that had ended the First China War, more often called the Opium War. Under this treaty Britain was permitted to establish a number of trading stations, of which the most important was at Canton. However relations were never good, though conducted with very polite formality, there were violations of the treaty – on both sides – and Britain’s deployment of its military strength led to hostilities that became an undeclared war.
The papers in this volume portray an immensely complicated situation diplomatically, politically and militarily. Suffice it to say that Britain, with other foreign powers, prevailed and trade with China was subsequently opened up.
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INDEX (Ships’ names are listed under the general heading SHIPS) ABOVILLE, Capitaine d’, 275, 279, 386 Admiralty, the, 179, 226, 352, 365 Letter from, 190 Letters to, 97-108, 118-20, 141- 145, 148-51, 163-7, 169-71, 174-6, 176-8, 181-3, 186-7, 204-8, 214-15, 217-18, 225, 269-70, 271, 281-4, 290, 302-3, 3°5> 309, 309-io, 316-17, 336- 340, 341, 342-5. 345-6, 347» 355-6, 360-1, 361-71, 371-2, 393-400, 400-2 Alston, Lieutenant A. H., 272, 280 Amoy, xiii, 14, 69, 170, 303, 317, 364 Anderson, Dr. C. A., 102, 207, 276, 339 Anson’s Bay, xvi Anti-Corn Law League, xviii Aplin, Commander E. D’O. D’A., 401 n. Armstrong, Commodore J., 6, no-n, 115-16, 117-20, 123, 127, 135-6, 141, 218 Armytage, G. J., 277, 397, 399 Arnold, W. H. M., 340 Ashburnham, Lt.-General the Hon. T., 158, 159, 193-4, 2IO» 226, 228, 229 Letters from, 215-16, 238-9, 241 Ashby, J. W. M., 398 Austrian interests, 356 BAIRD, Dr. W. J., 398 Balfour, Lieutenant C. J., 398 Baltic, the, xxii, 390 Barker, Captain C., 356-7, 374, 380-2, 386 Bate, Captain W. T., 55, 102, 105 and n., 150, 174, 269, 271, 276 Baynes, W. W., 281 Beal, Rev. S., 200 Beamish, Lieutenant H. H., 105, 268, 277-8 Bedwell, F. C. B., 340 Bengal, 238-9 Bengal Native Infantry (7oth), 360 Bentham, Jeremy, xviii Bevan, Lieutenant G. D., 160-1, 398 Birch (Midshipman), 381 Bird, Vice-Consul, 151 Blake, Lieutenant G. L., 168, 200 Bland, Lieutenant A., 340 Block, F. H., 14-15, 23, 35, 62, 139- I4 1 . J 72 Boca Tigris, Supplementary Treaty of (1843), xiii, xxi, 2, 18-24, 29-34, 37-41, 52-3, 62, 138-9 (1846), xiv, 69-70 Bogle, Lieutenant A. G., 272, 277 Bonham, Sir (Samuel) George, xv xix, 63-4, 67-71, 91, 256-7 Letter from, 69-70 Bourboulon, A. de, xxi, 156-9, 184-5, 218-20, 232, 245, 390-1, 393-4 Bovet, F., 48-9, 89-90 Bowen, Ensign, 278 Bowring, Sir John career, xviii; Consul at Canton, xviii-xix; Superintendent of Trade, xix-xxii; and Arrow incident, 2-6, 8-9, 15-79, 88-100, 106, 108-141, 145-54, 157, 171-2, 188-90 ; urges capture of Canton, 156, 158, 161-3 ; and proposed move northward, 156, 177- 181, 210 ; confers with French and U.S. Ministers, 156-7, 183-6; and appointment of Lord Elgin, 159, 187-8, 190-1 ; mentioned, x, 10, 65 n., 165, 166, 170, 176, 178 n., 183 n., 187, 190, 192, 193, 219, 222, 225, 245, 254, 284, 322, 358 Letters from, 15-16, 18-19, 21 (three), 22, 29, 40, 40-1, 42, 64-5, 65, 69, 91 2, 108-9, 116- 117, 120-6, 131-2, 154, 161-2, 162-3, J? 1-2, !83-5, 185-6, 188-90 Letters to, 8-9, 15, 16-18, 19-20, 24, 27-8, 28-9, 29-33, 35-6, 37-8, 41, 43-4, 45, 46-7, 47-8, 51-3, 53-4, 54-5, 55-6, 58-60, 60-1, 65-6, 72-4, 75-7, 78, 78- 79, 88-9, 89-90, 90, 109, 109- in, Hi-12, 112-15, 115-16, 117-18, 126-7, I27-8, i 2 8-9, 130-1, 131, 132-3, 133-4, 135- 136,137,137-9,141,145-6,146- 147, 147, 147-8, 151-2, I52~4, 178-81, 187-8, 190-1, 216-17, 260-1, 261, 262 403 404 INDEX Boyle, Captain R., 102, 143, 167, 205- 206, 338, 346 Bright, John, x Broad, Lieutenant G. D., 280, 398 Brock, Lieutenant A. M., 160-1, 173- 174, 198 Brooker, Commander G. A. C., 268 Brown, R. A., 173-4, 198 Browne, Lieutenant, 278 Bruce, Hon. F. W. A., 219, 228-9, 235-6, 347, 352, 387, 390-4 Buckle, Acting Lieutenant C. E., 397, 399 Bullock, Lieutenant, 375 Burd, Messrs. John, 140, 172 Burniston, A. J., 397 Burniston, H. H., 340 Burton, Lieutenant C. W., 206 Bush, Lieutenant W. K., 105 Bushe, Captain, 166-8, 359 Bushnell, Lieutenant J. H., 102 Bussell, Rev. J. W., 268 Butler, Lieutenant W. O., 277 Bythesea, Captain J., 375, 384 CALCUTTA, diversion of troops to, 158, 210, 215-16, 226,236-7,239; Elgin’s visit to, 159, 217-18, 222-5, 229»” removal of Yeh to, 232, 289-90 Campbell, Commander, 341 Campbell, Lieutenant C., 269, 280 Campbell (Midshipman), 340 Canning, Lord, asked to supply reinforcements from India to China, 156, 161-3, 166, 228-9, 239, 248 250 ; and Indian Mutiny, 158-9, 215, 217, 218, 222-4, 233, 240 Letter to, 162-3 Canton, trading conditions up to 1842, xi-xii; and Treaty of Nanking, xiii; entry question, xiv-xx, 3> 5> 42, 47, 54, 56-7> 63-5, 66-71, 73, 77, 79-82, 85-7, 89, 91-2, 94-6, 100-1, 113-14, 116 17, 123, 152-3, 157, 185, 230, 254, 255-7, 299 ; wall breached, 3-4, 55-6, 61, 101-3; British withdrawal from neighbourhood of, 156, 159, 169-70 ; capture discussed, 156-9, 161, 162-3, I 7 I » 185, 196, 209-14, 222, 225-6, 228- 230, 236-41, 243-52, 262-4, 265-9 ; blockade of, 159, 225, 230, 233, 244-6, 248-9, 255, 299; capture effected, 231 2, 270-81 ; occupation of, 231-2, 281-91, 298, 300, 302, 305, 328, 346, 350-6, 360-1, 371-2, 393 ; blockade raised, 232, 289 Canton River, operations in, xv, 2-7, 24-8, 41-54, 75-8, 81, 96-100, 104- 7, 109-11, 115-23, 128, 131, 133-7, 141-6, 150-1, 156, 159-71, 173-6, 186-7, I 9°, 197-208, 230, 386 Cator, Lieutenant R. P., 278, 280, 340 Chapdelaine, Pere A., xxii, 125, 157, 179, 184, 195, 230, 301 Charner, Admiral, 391, 401-2 Chef oo, 195-6 China Mail, 172, 173 ; extract from, 139-41 Chin-kiang-foo, 376, 379 Chusan Island, 196, 197, 391 Clarendon, Earl of, 156, 213 n., 228, 230, 295, 323, 33i, 356, 362 Letters from, 137-9, 178-81, 187-8, 190-1, 191-7, 225-6, 226, 240-1 Letters to, 22, 108-9, 120-6, 154, 161-2, 171-2, 183-5, J 85-6, 188-90, 208-14, 218-25, 232-6, 242-3, 250-2, 284-7, 3O3~4» 307-8, 308-9, 310-14, 317- 319 Clifford, Lieut.-Colonel the Hon. H., 359-6o Clifford, Major, 274 Clowes, Sir W. Laird, 390 n. Clutterbuck, Lieutenant C. H., 272, 397 Cobden, Richard, x, xviii, 157 Cochrane, Captain the Hon. A. A., 143, 167, 203, 269, 274, 277 Collier, Capitaine J., 279, 282 Commander-in-Chief, Naval, see Seymour Commerell, Commander J. E., 396, 398-9 Corbett, Commander J., 198-9, 201 Costin, W. C., ix, 4 Cotton, Dr. J., 281 Courcy, Count de, 4, 5, 6, 89-90, 121, 123-5 Letters from, 48-9, 74-5, 111-12, 126-7 Letter to, 40 1 Court, S., 313, 375 INDEX 405 Cowper, Captain, 60-1, 65 and n., 100, 142, 149 Cowper, J. C., 147 Cowper, W., 147-8, 152 Cox, Lieutenant R., 201 Crawford, Lieutenant J. C., 397 Cresswell, Commander S. G., 280, 340 Crimean War, the, xxi, xxii, 390 Croker, Captain P. M. C., 399 Curme, Lieutenant C. T., 280 DANVERS, Ensign, 360 Davey, J., 280 Davidson, Lieutenant D. G., 278 Davis, Sir John F., xiv-xv, xvi, 48, 54, 64, 256-7, 259, 261 Deas, D., 281 Delhi, 239 Denison, Hon. A. D. S., 160 Dent, Lieutenant E. F., 173, 175, 199 Dent and Co., Messrs., 149 Derby, Lord, xix, 157 Dew, Captain R., 280, 341 Dickson, Staff-Surgeon W., 398 Disraeli, Benjamin, 157 Douglas, Lieutenant G. A., 395 n. Douglas, Lieutenant S., 205, 280 Dowell, Commander W. M., 269, 273, 274-5 Dutch interests in Japan, 357-8 EARL, C., 29 East India Company, x, xii, xiii, 176 Edgell, Captain H. E., 198, 201, 281, 3i7» 36i Edger, J. F., 140 Egerton, F. W., 394 Elgin and Kincardine, Earl of, appointed Plenipotentiary, 157-8, 190-7 ; his journey to Hong Kong, 158, 208-14 ; visits Calcutta, 159, 216-25 ; and capture of Canton, 228-32, 243-60, 262-4, 267, 270, 282 ; and occupation of Canton, 283-90, 302, 372; at Shanghai, 294-5, 3°6-9, 35°-5 ; at the Peiho, 295-6, 310-37, 344 ; at Tientsin, 297, 342, 344 7, 350 ; visits Japan, 350. 355-7 ; sails up the Yangtse, 351. 372-86; returns to England, 351-2 ; Seymour replies to criticisms by, 361-71 ; his second mission, 391 3 ; mentioned, 208, 214- 215, 3°3, 3°5, 390 Letters, etc. from, 208-14, 216 217, 218-25, 232-6,242-3,249- 250, 250, 250-2, 252-5, 262 4, 264, 284-7, 288, 288-9, 289-90, 298-302, 303-4» 304, 306-7, 307-8, 308-9, 310-14, 314 15, 316, 317 19, 319-20, 320, 321, 321-4, 326, 329, 333, 334-6, 342 (two), 346, 352-3, 353, 353-4, 354, 372-86, 387 Letters to, 191-7, 215 16, 225-6, 226, 240-1, 241, 242, 248-9, 255-60, 290, 304, 308, 3I5-J6, 320, 325-6, 326 8, 328, 329-30, 332, 334, 341 , 356, 386, 387 Elliot, Commodore the Hon. C. G. J. B., Senior Naval Officer in Canton River, 2, 15, 16, 21, 24, 27-30, 37, 98, 102-3, I05, IQ6, *43, I 5°, J 86, 204-7, 261 ; commands Naval Brigade at capture of Canton, 268, 279, 281, 282 Letters from, 24-5, 197-201, 271- 272 Letters to, 9-10 Ellis, N. T., 165 Evans, Lieutenant H. L., 399 FATSHAN CREEK, 164, 168, 201-4, 280, 386 Fawckner, W. H., 340 Fellowes, Commander C., 269, 276, 279, 283 Fifth Regiment, 157, 158, 192, 210, 223, 239 Fifty-ninth Regiment, 120, 122, 150, 158, 166, 167-9, 229, 236, 271, 274, 275, 278, 358 n., 359-6o Fischer, Mr., 146 Fisher, Major, 283, 393, 396, 398-9 Foochow, xiii, 14, 69, 303, 368 Foote, Commander A. H., 38, 61, 100, 102, 107-8, no, 115, 118-19 Notification by, 56 Foote, Brevet Major W. F., 359-60 Forbes, J. G. T., 281 Foreign Office, xiii, xviii, 69, 178 n., 352, 356, 365 Letters from, 176-8, 181-3 (See also Clarendon, Earl of, and Malmesbury, Earl of) 406 INDEX Forsyth, Commander C. C., 164, 175, 198-201 Letters from, 159-61, 173-4 Fortescue, Commander T. D. A., 25, 99, 102, 105, 134, 142, 175 Fowler, Lieutenant G. C., 102 Fox, C., 174 French interests, ix, xxi-xxii, 5-6, 38, 74~5» 89-90, 106, iii-i2, 114, 120, 121, 123-7, I 36> I 56-9> I 7°> 177-81, 183-5, I93~5> 212, 216-21, 228-34, 242-55, 260-7, 270, 273-91, 294- 305, 308-12, 3i6, 318, 320-47, 351, 366, 368-9, 386, 390-4* 396, 398, 400-2 French, Rev., 61 GANGES, River, 215-16 Gilford, Lieutenant Viscount, 271, 276, 277 Gladstone, W. E., 157 Goodenough, Lieutenant J. G., 268, 277-8 Gough’s Fort, 101, 104, 273-7, 281 Governor-General of India, see Canning, Lord Graham, Colonel Hope, 359-60 Grand Canal, the, xv, 177, 196, 296, 327, 332, 344* 363, 376, 379 Grant, General Sir Hope, 391, 400-1 Graves, Lieutenant A., 397 Gros, Baron, appointed French Plenipotentiary, 158-9 ; tardy arrival of, 159, 216-18, 220-1, 224-5, 228, 232 ; and capture of Canton, 229- 231, 250, 254, 267, 270, 282 ; and occupation of Canton, 283-9, 300 ; moves northward, 294, 300, 303, 305-6, 308-9, 311-13 ; at the Peiho, 295-6, 316, 321-4. 328, 330-3> 335- 336 ; at Tientsin, 297, 342, 344 ; his second mission, 391-3 ; mentioned, 223, 373 Memorandum by, 243-8 Notification by, 288-9 Letter to, 262-4 Guerin, Admiral, 6, 123-5, I26 HACKETT, Lieutenant, 271, 274 Hall, Captain W. K., in Canton River, 100-5, X 44» I 5 I > I67 >’ at Hong Kong, 165, 170, 205 ; at capture of Canton, 260-1, 273-4, 278, 281, 283 ; at the Peiho, 337-40; at Tientsin, 343 Hailing, Quartermaster-Sergeant, 399 Hallowes, Lieutenant F. W., 340 Hamilton, Commander J. F. C., 268, 276, 279 Hand, Captain G. S., 170, 268, 359-60 Hankow, 351, 373-5, 378-80, 382-4 Hanyang, 384 Hartland, W., 394 Hawkey, Lieutenant J. F., 399 Hay, Captain Lord J., 401 n. Heath, Commander W. A. J., 269, 396, 398 Herbert, T. H., 397 Higginson, Rear-Admiral F. J., 390 n. Hill, H., 269, 274 Hill, J. S., 269, 274 Hire, Commander H. W., 401 n. Hocker, Lieutenant-Colonel E., 274, 276 Holloway, Colonel T., 272, 274, 276, 282, 283, 305 Honan Island, 144, 229-30, 248-50, 255, 259-62, 269-70, 299 Hong Kong, ceded to Britain, xiii; residents empowered to fly British flag, xx ; naval force strengthened, xxi; question of supplying coolies from, 65 and n. ; defence of, 122, 165, 167, 170, 205, 236-7 ; conditions at, 126, 156, 162, 165, 170, 187, 37 1 Hong merchants, xi, xiii, 79 Hood, Commander A. W. A., 268, 272, 277, 279 Hoomun – Chae, Supplementary Treaty of (1843), 69 Hope, Rear-Admiral Sir James, 390-2 Letters from, 393-400, 400-2 ‘Hoppo,’ the, xi, 130 Hoskins, Lieutenant, 340 Hoste, Captain Sir William, 167 Howqua, 51, 54-5, 66, 72, 74, 77, 79, 93-6, IIO, 122, 147-8, 152-3 Hue, Mons., 378 Hudson, Lieutenant T. K., 198, 201, 34° Huleatt, Rev. H., 397 Hung, Commissioner, 57 Letter from, 58-60 Hwang, 350-3, 360, 372 Hwashana, 353-4 INDEX 407 ILIPOO, 321, 325, 334 India, influence of British conquest on Chinese opinion, x; Chinese contribution to revenues of, xix, xxi; question of reinforcements from, 156, 161-2, 228-9, 236-9, 248-50, 305 ; Mutiny, 158-9, 215- 217, 222-6, 228, 233-4, 238-9»’ Elgin’s visit to, 159, 217, 222-5 India and China Association, 69 Inglis, Lieutenant H. L. T., 397 Innes, Lieutenant A. J., 398 JAPAN, 303, 346, 350, 354-7 Jeans, W. D., 281, 340 Jeddo (Tokyo), 357, 374 Jenkins, Commander, 161, 175 Jenkins, Lieutenant J., 280, 398 Johnston, C. G., 102 Jones, Rear-Admiral L. T., 401 Jones, Lieutenant W. H., 375, 380, 385, 398 KEARNEY, Major, 207 Keenan, Mr., 61 Kennedy, Thomas, 10-11, 15, 18, 138, 172 Keppel, Commodore the Hon. H., 204 n., 206-7, 215 Letter from, 202-4 Key, Captain A. C., 268, 271-2, 275, 277, 279, 282 Keying, xiv-xvii, 64, 70, 80, 91, 320, 325, 334 Kien-kiang, 384-5 Kienlung, Emperor, x-xi Kilcoursie, Viscount, 399 Klekowski, Count, 123, 126-7, 2I2 Knevitt, Lieutenant H. P., 398-9 Knox, Captain, 279 Kung, Prince, 392-3 Kweiliang, 353-4, 391-2 LACY, Commander E., 359 Lambert, Captain, 359 Lapraik, Douglas, 172 Lay, H. N., 344, 376, 383 Leach, John, n, 18, 138 Leckie, Commander C. T., 340, 343 Leet, Lieutenant H. K., 340 Lemon, Colonel T., 275, 282, 396-9 Leveque, Capitaine, 338 Little, Dr. John, 398 Longley, Lieutenant G., 360, 397, 399 Lyall, George, 140 MACARTNEY, Lord, x Madden, Lieutenant E., 280, 359 Madras Native Infantry (i2th), 358 n., 359-6o Madras Rifles (38th), 192, 201, 236 Maitland, Lieutenant J. N., 399 Malcolm, Major, 236 Malmesbury, Earl of, xix Letter from, 306 Letters to, 321-4, 33°-2, 334~6> 372-86 Mann, Captain, 273, 276 Maresceaux, Lieutenant A. F., 280 Martin, Rev., 341 Martineau, Capitaine, 283 Mason, R. D., 281 Masters, Captain W. G. R., 397, 399 McCallum, Lieutenant E. G., 338 McCleverty, Captain J. J., 401 n. McClure, Captain Sir Robert, 269, 277 McKenna, Captain T., 397 McLane, R. M., xxi, 322 McSwiney, J., 281 Mercer, W. T., memorandum by, 172-3 Molloy, J., 199 Mongan, J., memorandum by, 167-9 Montaubon, General de, 391 Mortimer, E. T., 281 NAGASAKI, 350, 355-8 Nanking, xx, 129, 351, 373, 379-82, 385-6 Treaty of (1842), xiii, xiv, xxi, 3, 69, 94-6, 100-1, 211, 253, 255, 257, 294, 296, 298, 307 Nantow, punitive expedition to, 350, 358-60 Napier, Admiral Sir Charles, xxii Napoleon III, 158 Nares, Lieutenant, 168, 201 Newton, G. B., 102 Nganching, 351, 382, 385 Nicolas, Lieutenant, 340 408 INDEX Nicolson, Captain Sir F. W. E., Bart., 3*5, 33S-40, 343-4 Letter from, 308 Ninetieth Regiment, 158, 223, 239 Ningpo, xiii, 20, 69, 303, 316 O’CALLAGHAN, Captain G. W. D., 142 Opium War (First China War), xii-xiii Osborn, Captain S., 269, 278, 308, 313, 340, 343-4. 375, 379 Oxley, C. L., 399 PAKENHAM, Colonel, 241 Palmerston, Lord, xiv-xviii, 69, 91, I 57> 254, 304 Panmure, Lord, 365 Parke, Major R., 396, 399 Parker, Dr. Peter, xxii, 5, 6, 116-23, 127, 141, 145, 156-7, 159, 184-5, 228, 232 Letters from, 112-15, 136 Letter to, 116-17 Parkes, H. S., and Arrow incident, 2-56, 60-7, 72-111, 115-41, 146-54, 171, 188, 258 ; to be at Elgin’s disposal, 191 ; at occupation of Honan Island, 260-2 ; and capture of Yeh, 272 ; and occupation of Canton, 231-2, 282-4, 286, 353-4, 37 1 ; taken prisoner during advance to Peking, 392 Letters, etc. from, 7-8, 8-9, 9- 10,15, 16-18, 19, 19-20, 22, 24, 25-7, 27-8, 28-9, 29-33, 33, 36-7> 37-8, 38-40> 4 1 , 43-4, 45-6, 46-7, 49, 51-3, 54-5, 55~ 56, 60-1, 65-6, 75-7, 78, 78-9, 79-83, 84-8, 88-9, 89-90, 90, 97, 109, 109-11, 115-16, 117- 118,127-8,128-9,130-1,132-3, 133-4, 135-6. *37, 141. J 46~7, 147-8, 151-2, 152-4, 260-1, 261, 262 Letters to, 12-14, I 5~l6> 18-19, 21 (two), 22-3, 34, 4°, 42, 42-3, 48, 64-5, 65, 131-2, 353 Parliament, debates on Arrow incident in, 157, 188 Parry, Lieutenant C., 340 Parsons, Lieutenant G., 398 Patna, 216 Peard, G. S., 399 Pearn, E., 164 Pechili, Gulf of, 5, 113-16, 121, 186, 215, 218, 220-2, 235-6, 243, 295-7, 308-9, 313-16, 336, 342, 345, 354-5, 361-70, 391, 393, 401 Peel, Captain, 224 Pehtang, 391, 400-2 Peiho, River, xv, xvii, xxi, in, 156 158, 183, 194-7, 209-10, 219, 221, 224, 228-9, 232-6, 241-3, 254, 295- 296, 307-47, 363-7 1 , 379, 390-1, 393, 400-2 Peking, question of diplomatic representation at, 158, 180-1, 195, 297- 298, 301, 351, 387, 390, 393 ; allied advance to, 392-3 Peninsular and Orient Company, 118, 192 Penrose, Captain P. C., 100, 102, 143 Pereira, Edward, 140 Perry, O. H., 90, 117, 122, 127, 135, J 45 Letters to, 44-5, 50, 136 Pickard, R., 400 Pih-Kwei, 231, 282-91, 305, 353, 361, 37i Letters from, 266, 290-1 Letters to, 265, 288 Porter, Captain, 360 Pottinger, Sir H., 235-6, 321, 334 Poutiatine, Admiral Count, attempts unsuccessfully to visit Peking, 229, 233, 242-3 ; moves with other Plenipotentiaries to the Peiho, 294-6, 303, 306-13, 316, 322, 328, 332-6 ; and to Tientsin, 297, 342, 344-5 ; visits Japan, 357 ; mentioned, 362 Letter from, 332 Powlett, A., 397 Poyang Lake, 384-5 Preston, Rev., 61 Prickett, C., 340 Pritchard, R. D., 281 Pritchett, Lieutenant W. M., 278 Purvis, Lieutenant F. W., 280 RASON, Lieutenant W. H., 395 n., 397 Raymond, George, 208 Rebels, see Taiping rebels Reed, W. B., assumes duties of U.S. Plenipotentiary, 228-9, 242 ; moves with other Plenipotentiaries to the INDEX 409 Peiho, 294-6, 303, 306-9, 313, 316, 321-2, 332-3, 335 ; at Tientsin, 297, 342, 344 ; at Shanghai, 373 Letter from, 242 Reilly, Lieutenant H. A., 280 Reynaud, Capitaine, 274, 279, 337-8 Riach, Captain, 359-60 Rigault de Genouilly, Rear-Admiral, consultations with Elgin, 216, 219- 221, 224, 232, 236 ; commands French forces at capture of Canton, 230, 249, 251, 261-4, 271, 274, 276, 279, 283-91 ; at the Peiho, 296-7, 309, 314-40, 366, 368 ; at Tientsin, 297, 341, 343 ; mentioned, 363-4 Letters from, 265, 265-6 Letters to, 266-7, 290-1 Robertson, D. B., 233 Robinson, Lieutenant, 133 Rogers, Rev. P., 268 Rokeby, Lieutenant L., 399 Rolland, Commander W. R., 100, 102, 205 Romer, Brevet-Major, 359-60 Rotton, Captain G., 60-1, 101, 102, 118, 143 Russell and Co., Messrs., 47, no, 146 Russell, Lord John, 157 Russian interests, xxii, 229, 233, 242- 243, 294-7, 303> 306, 308-9, 312-13, 316, 322, 331-3. 335, 342 , 344-5. 357 SAMSON, Oscar, 399 Saumarez, Commander T., 340, 359- 360 Saunders, Dr. W. M., 386 Schomberg, Major G. A., 273, 280 Seu, xv-xvii, xix, xx, 67 71, 80, 82, 91, 245, 256 Letter to, 69-70 Seventieth Regiment, 290 Seymour, Rear-Admiral Sir Michael, career, xxii; takes action after Arrow incident, 3-7, 15-32, 38-137, 141-54, 190 ; advocates capture of Canton, 156, 158, 161, 208-10, 214, 222 ; maintains position in Canton River, 156, 159-76, 186-7, 197-201, 233 ; operations in Fatshan Creek, 159, 201-8 ; instructions to, 177, 179, 181-3, 190, 226 ; and capture of Canton, 229-31, 248-52, 260-84 ; and occupation of Canton, 284-91, 302, 305, 351-2, 386 ; criticised by Elgin, 295, 310-14. 3i7-T 9. 323~4. 330-2 ; answers criticisms, 352, 361-71 ; Admiralty view of criticisms, 352 ; in Gulf of Pechili, 295- 296, 315-36 ; and capture of Peiho forts, 296-7, 336-40, 341 ; at Tientsin, 297, 341-7 ; visits Japan, 350, 355 ; succeeded by Sir James I Hope, 390; mentioned, 184-5, I 191-4, 197, 217, 226, 236, 294 307- , 309, 373-4 Letters, etc. from, 41, 45, 47-8, i 53-4, 56-7, 63-4, 68-9, 74, 83- j 84, 96-7, 97-108, 118-20, 131, ; 134-5, Hi-5. J 45-6, 147. 148- 151,163-7, 169-71,174-6, 186- 187, 201-2, 204-8, 214-15, 217- 218, 225, 248-9, 265, 265-6, i 268-9,269-70,271,273-81,281- 284, 290 (two), 302-3, 304, 305, 309-10, 315-16, 316-17, 326-8, 328, 329-30, 332, 334, 336-40, 341 (two), 342-5. 345-6, 347 354-5» 355-6, 356, 356-8, 360- 361, 361-71, 37 J-2, 387 Letters to, 24-5, 38-40, 62-3, 67- 68, 69, 70-2, 92-3, 159-61, 173-4, 190, 197-201, 202-4, 249-50, 250, 266-7, 289-90, 290 1, 304, 316, 320, 326, 329, 333. 342, 346, 354. 387 Shad well, Captain C. F. A., 269, 275, 280, 308, 395-8 I Shanghai, a Treaty port, xiii, 69 ; | Bonham at, xvii, 257 ; Bo wring at, I xxi; suggested visit by Elgin to, 220, 225, 232, 235 ; Poutiatine at, 233, 242 ; visits by Elgin and other Plenipotentiaries to, 294-5, 298, 300-13, 322, 327, 335, 336, 350-7. 362-5, 370, 373-5, 386 ; Bruce at, 387. 390 SHIPS : Austrian : Novara, 356 British : Acorn, 174, 268 Actaeon, 150, 260, 268, 271, 273, 276, 280, 374 Adelaide, 248-9 Adventure, 359 Algerine, 387, 401 n. 4io INDEX Alligator, 166 Amethyst, 204 Anonyma, 198 Arrow, xxii, 2-39, 46-53, 62-7, 72, 80-1, 85, 90-103, 137-41, 156-7, 171-3, 188-90, 258 Assistance, 248-9, 281, 397, 400 Auckland, 176, 186 Banterer, 395, 397-8 Barracouta, 4, 25-30, 45-53, 76- 79, 98-106,122, 131, 134, 142- 144, 151, 163-9, 174-5 Belleisle, 310, 316 Bittern, 99, 102, 165 Bustard, in Canton River, 198-9, 202; proceeds northwards, 3°9> 315, 317, 362 ; in the Peiho, 337-9, 343 ; at Tientsin, 345 ; returns to Hong Kong, 355 Calcutta, in Canton River, 99- 106, 144, 164 ; at Hong Kong, 109, 165, 207 ; boats of, 203-6, 343 ; at capture of Canton, 268, 271, 274, 277, 282 ; moves northwards, 304, 309, 311, 362-5, 368 ; in the Gulf of Pechili, 315-7, 324, 326, 340, 367, 369 ; visits Japan, 355-7 Camilla, 176 Canton, 118 Chesapeake, 394, 397-9 Chusan, 10 n, 29 Clown, 401 n. Comus, 48, 128, 144, 160 i, 164, 174-5 Cormorant, moves to Gulf of Pechili, 308-10, 362, 364 ; at the Peiho, 313-16,33 7-41,368- 369 ; at Tientsin, 345 ; returns to Hong Kong, 355 ; at expedition to Nan tow, 359-60 Coromandel, in Canton River, 4, 21-7, 48, 78, 98-9, 105-6, 119- 120, 128, 142, 151, 163-8, 175, 215 ; at Fatshan Creek, 201, 205 ; and capture of Canton, 260, 280 ; moves northwards, 307> 309, 3i3> 3i5» 362-4; in Gulf of Pechili, 316-17, 339, 367, 369 ; at Tientsin, 343-5 ; mentioned 387 Cruiser, at Fatshan Creek, 201 ; at capture of Canton, 260, 269, 277,280-1; moves northward, 310, 316 ; in the Yangtse, 355, 375-6, 384-5 ; at the Peiho, 394, 397-400 ; mentioned, 387 Dart, 10-11 Dove, 260, 374 5 Drake, 401 n. Eaglet, 165 Elk, 176, 268, 340, 364 Emperor, yacht, 350, 355-7 Encounter, shells Canton, 3-4, 51, 53. 75, IOI > I04; at other operations in Canton River, 45, 48, 98-9, 106, 118, 120, 131, 142-4, 156, 164-9, 174, 208 Esk, 269 Firm, 309, 316, 337, 343, 345 Forester, 387, 395, 398, 401 n. Furious, at capture of Canton, 269, 281 ; carries Elgin to Gulf of Pechili, 308-10, 364; in Gulf of Pechili, 313, 315-16, 320, 323, 344, 369-70 ; boats of, 343 ; in Yangtse, 351, 374- 376,380-5; visits Japan, 356- 357 Fury, at Fatshan Creek, 202-3, 207 ; moves northwards, 309, 315-6, 318, 368 ; mentioned, 343> 355> 397 Hastings, xvi Haughty, 204-6, 387, 395, 398-9 Havoc, 401 n. Hesper, 269, 274, 281, 309, 315- 316, 340, 362, 367 Highflyer, 269, 362, 397 Himalaya, 215, 224 Hong Kong, 173, 175, 198-9, 202-4, 208, 215 Hornet, in Canton River, 106, 119, 151, 159-60, 164, 173-5, 201, 361 ; boats of, 119, 198, 203 ; at capture of Canton, 260, 269, 273, 274, 277, 280 ; mentioned, 215 Imperator, 281 Imperatrice, 281 Inflexible, in Canton River, 199, 202, 249 ; at capture of Canton, 268, 281 ; Yeh aboard, 231-2, 283, 290 ; visits Japan, 356-8 ; mentioned, 215, 236, 355 INDEX 411 Janus, 395, 398-9, 401 n. Kestrel, 345, 355, 395~8 Lancashire Witch, 270 £**, 355-7′ 375, 380, 384-5, 387* 395-9 Leven, 309, 3*5. 3*7* 337, 345, 355, 362, 364 Magicienne, 316, 394, 397-400 Majestic, 390 Minden, 165 Mooresfoot, 270 Nankin, 101, 106-7, I]C 9, J 44» 165, 268, 280 Niger, in Canton River, 106, 143, 150, 156, 163-9, 175-6, 202 ; at capture of Canton, 269, 274 ; mentioned, 121, 363 Nimrod, moves northwards, 308- 9, 3*5, 362 ; in Gulf of Pechili, 3i6, 337, 340-1 , 345, 368-9, 395, 398 ; mentioned, 280, 387 Opossum, moves northwards, 3°9, 3*5, 317, 362 ; in the Peiho, 337, 339~4°, 343, 395, 398, 401 n. ; at Tientsin, 341, 345 ; mentioned, 215, 269, 280, 387 Pearl, 159, 215, 218, 224 Pique, 308-10, 315-16, 340, 343, 364, 3^9 Plover, 202, 204, 206, 387, 395-9 Racehorse, 268, 281 Raleigh, 203 Retribution, 316, 351, 355-7, 374~ 376, 381-2, 385 Reynard, xvii Sampson shells Canton, 4, 75, 104 ; in Canton River, 45, 48, 98-9, 106, 118, 165, 170, 186 ; proceeds against pirates, 144, 170 ; moves northwards, 309, 315, 318, 364; in Gulf of Pechili, 316-17, 362, 367, 369 ; mentioned, 184, 268, 342, 359- 360 Sanspareil, 190, 218, 268, 271, 276-7, 281, 359-60 Shannon, 159, 190, 192, 208, 214-15, 218, 224 Simoom, 210, 224 Sir Charles Forbes, 198 Sir James Brooke, 176 Slaney, 308-18, 337-8, 343-5, 355, 362-4, 368-9 Starling, 198-9, 204, 387, 395, 399 Staunch, in Canton River, 198-9 ; moves northwards, 309, 316 ; in the Peiho, 337, 339, 343, 362, 401 n. ; at Tientsin 345 ; sent to Hong Kong 355 Surprise, 280, 316, 340, 362, 368 Sybille, in Canton River, 9,15-16, 24, 28, 98-9, 144, 147, 166, 173, 175, 199 ; boats of, 25, 27, 99, 143 n., 168, 198, 203 ; at capture of Canton, 268, 281 Thistle, 154, 163, 198 Tribune, 199-201, 204, 281, 317 Volcano, 190 Winchester, 99, 100, 104, 143 4 Woodcock, 345, 355, 401 n. Dutch : Cadsandra, 358 French : Audacieuse, 230, 263, 270, 275, 279, 316, 332-3, 335, 369 Avalanche, 316, 337, 343, 345, 369 Capricieuse, 279 Dragonne, 316, 337, 345, 369 Duchayla, 398 Fusee, 280, 316, 337, 343, 345, 369 Mitraille, 280, 337 Nemesis, 274, 279, 316, 369 Nozagavy, 398 Phlegethon, 273, 369 Primoguet, 316, 369 Virginie, 5, 106 Russian : America, 297, 316, 344 5 Askold, 357 United States : Antelope, 316 Kumfa, 90 Levant, 102, in, 115, 118, 135, 141, 144 Minnesota, 242, 316 Mississippi, 303, 316 Portsmouth, 6, 38, 100, no, 115, 118, 135-6 San Jacinto, 116, 119, 309 Toeywhan, 390 Shortt, J., 399 Simoda, 356 Singapore, despatch of troops to, 157, 190-2, 226, 241 ; Elgin at, 158, 190-2, 224, 232 ; question of reinforcements from, 161, 167, 176, 192 2E2 412 INDEX Slight, Commander J. F., 268, 276-7, 359-6o Spanish interests, 163, 166 Smith, Lieutenant F., 280 Smith, N. B., 397 Smith, Commander (U.S.N.), 102, 107-8, in, 141 Soo-a-ching, 13-15, 23, 35, 43, 53, 62, 258 Staniforth, Lieutenant W. L., 201 Statham, Ensign, 166 Stephenson, Lieut.-Colonel, 360 Stewart, Captain the Hon. K., 101-2, 128, 131, 144, 165, 268, 310, 317, 355, 358, 360, 362 Letter from, 309 Letter to, 129-30 Stirling, Admiral Sir James, 355 n. Straghan, Lieutenant J., 399 Strong, W. D., 399 Sturgis, Mr., no-n Supplementary Treaties of Boca Tigris, 1843 and 1846 ; see Boca Tigris Supplementary Treaty of HoomunChae ; see Hoomun-Chae TAIPING rebels, xx, 5, 57-60, 128-32, i37» I 5 I~3, 298, 351, 372-3, 377, 379-82, 385-6 Takoo, 114, 296-7, 314-16, 319-20, 328, 339, 366-7, 393 Taoukwang, Emperor, xvii Tatnall, Commodore, 309, 390 Tau, 295-6, 321-3, 326, 329-39, 344, 367 Letters from, 320, 325-6 Letters to, 319-20, 321 Thompson, H., 271, 276 Thoyon, Capitaine, 339 Thrupp, Lieutenant A. T., 340 Tientsin, xx, 114, 121, 256-7, 295-8, 311-16, 323, 326-31, 335, 34°~7, 350, 352, 356, 364-7°, 379, 387, 390-4, 401 Treaty of, 297-8, 345~7, 35°~5, 360, 367, 37!-3, 387, 390-3 Trench, Lieutenant the Hon. W. LaP., 360 Tricault, Commandant, 396, 398 Tsingpoo, 262 Tung-chow, 392 Tumour, Commander E. W., 200-1 Twiss, Captain, 142 Twysden, Lieutenant J. S., 102 UNITED States Commissioner, see Parker, Dr. P. and Reed, W. B. United States interests, ix, xxi, 5-6, 38, 44-7, 50, 56, 61, 74, 77, 90, 100, IO2, 107-28, 135-6, 141, 144-5, 156-9, I7O-I, 177-85,193-5,218-19, 228-9, 232, 242, 253, 26l, 294-7, 303, 300-9, 313, 316, 321-2, 331-5, 342-5, 357, 390-1 VANSITTART, Captain N., 395-8 Van Straubenzee, Major-General Sir C. T., commands British Troops against Canton, 229, 241, 251, 260- 282 ; and occupation of Canton, 283-91, 302, 305, 317, 350-1 ; mentioned, 297, 342 Letters from, 265, 265-6, 358-60, 386 Letters to, 250, 266-7, 271-2, 290-1, 342, 352-3, 353-4 Viceroy of Canton, see Yeh WADE, T., 66, 77, 109, 121, 131, 187, 282-6, 376, 380-6 Minute by, 93-6 Wagstaffe, M. J. St. J., 399 Walewski, Count, 218 Walsh, Lieut.-Colonel A. S. S., 274, 276, 279 War, Secretary of State for, xiii Letter to, 358-60 Ward, Commander, 374-5, 401-2 Ward, J. E., 391 Ward, Lieutenant the Hon. W. J., 280 Wardley and Co., Messrs., 146 Wetherall, Colonel E. N., 241 Memorandum by, 236-8 Whampoa, xi, 6, 9, 15, 24-32, 37, 40, 66, 95, no, 116, 119-20, 128-30, 135-7, X 44» J47-8, 151-2, 166, 171, 261, 269, 270, 361 Wildman, Lieutenant L., 340 Willes, Captain G. O., 394-9 INDEX 413 Wilmshurst, Commander A., 269 Wilson, Lieutenant J. C., 394, 398-9 Wilson, Captain T., 104, 105, 143 Winchester, Vice-Consul, 146 Wodehouse, Commander A., 398 Wolrige, Lieutenant H., 397 Woochang-foo, 383-4 Woodgate, Mr., 184 Woohoo, 382 Woon, Sergeant-Major, 399 Woosung, 375 Wynne, Lieu t.-Colonel, 360 Wynniatt,’ Acting Commander R. J., 398 YANGTSE Kiang, River, proposed blockade of, 156, 177-83, 186, 196- 197, 240, 296, 327-32, 363 ; Elgin’s voyage up, 351, 372-86; mentioned, xx, 298, 344, 368, 391 Yeh, Governor of Kwangtung, xvii; Imperial Commissioner, xix, xx; and Arrow incident, 2-154, I 57> 161-2, 171, 176-89, 211, 213 and n., 221, 225, 234-6, 240 ; delivery of ultimata to, 229-31, 245-55, 269 ; rejects ultimata, 255-67, 270, 273 ; taken prisoner, 231, 271-2, 282-4 > sen^ to Calcutta, 232, 289- 290, 306; dismissed by the Emperor, 232, 291, 305 ; correspondence with, forwarded to Peking, 294, 298-300 Letters, etc. from, 12-14, 22-3, 34» 35-6, 42-3, 44-5, 48, 50 (two), 57-8, 62-3, 67-8, 70-2, 92-3, 255-60, 266-7 Letters to, 7-8, 19, 21, 22, 25-7, 29, 33» 36-7, 4*> 45-6, 48-9, 49, 56~7> 63~4> 68-9, 74-5, 83- 84, 91-2, 252-5, 264, 26
David Bonner-Smith was Admiralty Librarian, joining the library staff in March 1911. He was made deputy librarian on the death of W.G. Perrin in 1931, and appointed to the chief post in March 1932. He retired in May 1949 at the age of 60. It was said of him that he knew every one of the 100,000 books in the library, but was also familiar with all their contents. It is certain that he could direct students and enquirers to whatever reference they needed. He was editor of The Mariner’s Mirror from 1932 to 1939.
His publications include
• The Letters of Earl St. Vincent, 2 volumes (Navy Records Society, 1921, 1926).
• Letter and Papers of Admiral the Hon. Samuel Barrington 2 volumes (Navy Records Society, 1937, 1941).
• Captain Boteler’s Recollections 1808 – 1830 (Navy Records Society, 1942).
• The Russian War, 1855, Baltic (Navy Records Society, 1944).
• The Second China War, 1856-1860 (Navy Records Society, 1954).
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